U.S. Bank National Assoc. v. Smith, J. ( 2020 )

J-S07033-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
AS TRUSTEE FOR BEAR STEARNS : PENNSYLVANIA
ASSET BACKED SECURITIES I TRUST :
2005-AC4 ASSET-BACKED :
CERTIFICATES, SERIES 2005-AC4 :
:
v. :
:
JACQUELINE SMITH, :
:
Appellant : No. 1452 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Order Entered April 9, 2019
in the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
Civil Division at No(s): No.: 2016-22680
U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
AS TRUSTEE FOR BEAR STEARNS : PENNSYLVANIA
ASSET BACKED SECURITIES I TRUST :
2005-AC4 ASSET-BACKED :
CERTIFICATES, SERIES 2005-AC4 :
:
v. :
:
JACQUELINE SMITH, :
:
Appellant : No. 1483 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Order Entered April 9, 2019
in the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
Civil Division at No(s): No.: 2016-22680
BEFORE: NICHOLS, J., KING, J. and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED APRIL 03, 2020
Jacqueline Smith (Appellant) appeals pro se from the orders entered
April 9, 2019, denying her motion for summary judgment and granting the
motion for summary judgment filed by U.S. Bank National Association (U.S.
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S07033-20
Bank), as trustee for Bear Stearns Asset Backed Securities I Trust 2005-AC4
Asset-Backed Certificates Series 2005-AC4 (Trust).1 Upon review, we
affirm.
In 2005, Appellant purchased a home at 55 Hilldale Road, Cheltenham,
Montgomery County (the Property), with the aid of a $202,400 loan secured
by a mortgage from Alterna Mortgage Company (Lender). The mortgage
listed Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. (MERS) as the
mortgagee, acting solely as nominee for Lender, and its successors and
assigns. Mortgage, 3/30/2005, at 1. On June 25, 2010, Appellant signed a
loan modification agreement, which listed EMC Mortgage Corporation as the
servicer for mortgagee U.S. Bank, as trustee for certificateholders of Bear
Stearns Asset Backed Securities I LLC Asset-Back Certificates, Series 2005-
AC4 (LLC). Complaint, 9/14/2016, at Exhibit D (Loan Modification
Agreement, 6/25/2010). Pursuant to a pooling and servicing agreement,
LLC was depositor for Trust, and U.S. Bank served as trustee to Trust. Id.
at Exhibit D (Affidavit of Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc., at Exhibit 1 (Limited
Power of Attorney Exhibit A)). On November 8, 2013, MERS assigned the
mortgage to U.S. Bank, as trustee for LLC. U.S. Bank’s Motion for Summary
Judgment, 5/11/2018, at Exhibit C (Recorder of Deeds and Assignment of
Mortgage, 11/8/2013).
____________________________________________
1 This Court sua sponte consolidated the appeals at 1452 EDA 2019 and
1483 EDA 2019.
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In January 2015, Appellant stopped making mortgage payments. On
September 14, 2016, U.S. Bank, as trustee for Trust, filed a complaint in
mortgage foreclosure against Appellant. Appellant pro se filed an answer
and new matter alleging inter alia, that U.S. Bank lacked standing because it
was not in possession of the original note, that U.S. Bank had failed to send
the requisite pre-foreclosure notice,2 and that the mortgage documents were
materially altered and Appellant’s signature was forged. Regarding her
standing allegation, Appellant argued that U.S. Bank, as trustee for Trust,
lacked standing to bring the foreclosure action because the mortgage was
assigned to U.S. Bank, acting as trustee for LLC. See Answer and New
Matter, 10/19/2016, at ¶¶ 45-50.
____________________________________________
2The Homeowner’s Emergency Mortgage Assistance Act (Act 91), 35 Pa.C.S.
§§ 1680.401c-1680.412c, requires pre-foreclosure notice be given to a
mortgagor as follows.
Act 91 requires a mortgagee who desires to foreclose to
send notice to the mortgagor advis[ing] the mortgagor of his
delinquency ... and that such mortgagor has thirty (30) days to
have a face-to-face meeting with the mortgagee who sent
the notice or a consumer credit counseling agency to attempt to
resolve the delinquency ... by restructuring the loan payment
schedule or otherwise. [T]he purpose of an Act 91 notice is to
instruct the mortgagor of different means he may use to resolve
his arrearages in order to avoid foreclosure on his property and
also gives him a timetable in which such means must be
accomplished.
Wells Fargo Bank N.A. v. Spivak, 104 A.3d 7, 15 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(citations and quotation marks omitted).
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On December 6, 2017, U.S. Bank, as trustee for Trust, filed a motion
for partial summary judgment as to Appellant’s allegations of forgery on the
mortgage documents. In support thereof, it submitted, inter alia, an
affidavit from the notary public who witnessed the settlement for the
purchase of the Property. In response, Appellant argued, inter alia, that the
motion should be denied because she believed U.S. Bank was not in
possession of the original note. See generally Appellant’s Response,
1/10/2018.
On May 11, 2018, U.S. Bank, as trustee for Trust, filed a motion for
summary judgment, which was supported by, inter alia, copies of the
original mortgage and note signed by Appellant; the assignment of the
mortgage to U.S. Bank, as trustee for LLC, and the recorder of deed’s forms
showing the recording of the assignment; copies of the Act 91 notices sent
to Appellant; and an affidavit by U.S. Bank’s counsel that it was currently in
possession of the original note and that Appellant had been in default of her
payment obligations since January 15, 2015. Based thereon, U.S. Bank
sought an in rem judgment of foreclosure.
On June 12, 2018, Appellant pro se filed a motion for summary
judgment, alleging that plaintiff U.S. Bank, as trustee for Trust, was not the
real party in interest on the mortgage; there was no assignment of the
mortgage to U.S. Bank, as trustee for Trust; and U.S. Bank had failed to
provide the required Act 91 notices. On June 26, 2018, U.S. Bank filed a
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reply. On January 31, 2019, Appellant requested that the trial court take
judicial notice of U.S. Bank’s lack of standing to foreclose on the Property
based on the argument that the mortgage was assigned to U.S. Bank, as
trustee for LLC, not the plaintiff, U.S. Bank, as trustee for Trust. Appellant’s
Request for Mandatory Judicial Notice, 1/31/2019, at ¶¶ 38-44.
On April 5, 2019, the trial court granted U.S. Bank’s motion for partial
summary judgment and found that the mortgage was a valid lien against the
Property. On April 9, 2019, the trial court entered two orders: one denying
Appellant’s motion for summary judgment, and one granting U.S. Bank’s
motion for summary judgment and entering an in rem judgment against
Appellant and in favor of U.S. Bank in the amount of $275,458.78 plus
interest and costs.
This timely-filed appeal followed.3 On appeal, Appellant argues that
the trial court erred in granting U.S. Bank’s motion for summary judgment
and denying Appellant’s motion for summary judgment because, according
to Appellant, U.S. Bank lacked standing to foreclose on the mortgage.
Appellant’s Brief at 1.4
____________________________________________
3 Both Appellant and the trial court have complied with the mandates of
Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
4 Although Appellant lists four questions for this Court to resolve in the
statement of questions section of her brief, she only presents two issues in
her argument section. Compare Appellant’s Brief at 1-2 (Statement of
Questions Involved) with id. at 3-6 (Argument). The first three questions
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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The Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure authorize parties to
move for summary judgment “whenever there is no genuine
issue of any material fact as to a necessary element of the cause
of action or defense which could be established by additional
discovery or expert report[.]” Pa.R.C.P. 1035.2(1).
As has been oft declared by this Court, summary
judgment is appropriate only in those cases where
the record clearly demonstrates that there is no
genuine issue of material fact and that the moving
party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
When considering a motion for summary judgment,
the trial court must take all facts of record and
reasonable inferences therefrom in a light most
favorable to the non-moving party. In so doing, the
trial court must resolve all doubts as to the existence
of a genuine issue of material fact against the
moving party, and, thus, may only grant summary
judgment where the right to such judgment is clear
and free from all doubt.
On appellate review, then, an appellate court may
reverse a grant of summary judgment if there has
been an error of law or an abuse of discretion. But
the issue as to whether there are no genuine issues
as to any material fact presents a question of law,
and therefore, on that question our standard of
review is de novo. This means we need not defer to
the determinations made by the lower tribunals. To
the extent that this Court must resolve a question of
law, we shall review the grant of summary judgment
in the context of the entire record.
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
all relate to her first argument that the trial court erred in entering the April
9, 2019 orders because U.S. Bank lacked standing to foreclose on the
mortgage. See id. at 1, 3-5. Appellant’s second argument on appeal is that
the trial court exhibited bias and prejudice against Appellant when it failed to
grant Appellant’s request for judicial notice. Id. at 5-6. Because Appellant
failed to raise this claim in her Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement, it is waived.
See Commonwealth v. Castillo, 888 A.2d 775, 780 (Pa. 2005) (holding
that any issues not raised in an ordered Rule 1925(b) statement are waived
on appeal).
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Summers v. Certainteed Corp., [] 997 A.2d 1152, 1159 ([Pa.]
2010) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). The
party opposing the motion for summary judgment must produce
evidence essential to the cause of action, without merely resting
upon the allegations or denials in the pleadings. Pa.R.C.P.
1035.3(a).
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Joseph, 183 A.3d 1009, 1012 (Pa. Super.
2018).
Here, Appellant claims that U.S. Bank was not in possession of the
original note and lacked standing to proceed in the foreclosure action.
Specifically, Appellant argues as follows, verbatim.
The Note presented in this case has been specially indorsed to
U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS TRUSTEE FOR
CERTIFICATEHOLDERS OF BEAR STEARNS ASSET BACKED
SECURITIES I LLC, ASSET BACKED CERTIFICATES, SERIES
2005-AC4[.] Appellee is U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
AS TRUSTEE FOR CERTIFICATEHOLDERS OF BEAR STEARNS
ASSET BACKED SECURITIES I TRUST, ASSET BACKED
CERTIFICATES, SERIES 2005-AC4. Appellee is a Trust but the
Note was specially indorsed to a [sic] LLC.
Appellant’s Brief at 4 (emphasis added).
U.S. Bank responds that this minor naming discrepancy is insufficient
to support Appellant’s standing argument, and that the trial court did not err
in granting summary judgment in U.S. Bank’s favor. U.S. Bank’s Brief at 12.
According to U.S. Bank, Appellant “presented no evidence to dispute the fact
that U.S. Bank, as Trustee, is the holder of the Note and assignee of the
Mortgage.” Id. at 14. Rather, U.S. Bank contends that the record supports
the trial court’s conclusion that U.S. Bank had standing to foreclose on the
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mortgage and was the real party in interest in the underlying action. Id. at
15 (“The record conclusively establishes that U.S. Bank, as Trustee, is the
sole owner and holder of the Note and that it sufficiently averred its
ownership of the Mortgage.”).
In support of its orders, trial court found as follows.
U.S. Bank[] has fully supported with conclusive evidence the fact
that the mortgage was assigned to it in 2011.[5] Likewise, U.S.
Bank has provided evidence through an affidavit the fact that it
is in possession of the original note which is being held by its
counsel. As the assignee of the mortgage and the holder of the
note, U.S. Bank had the legal right to file a foreclosure lawsuit.
***
[Appellant] presented no evidence to challenge the fact
that she has defaulted in her mortgage payments. Rather,
[Appellant] presents unclear arguments as to U.S. Bank’s
standing and unsupported averments as to the Act 91 notice.
[Appellant’s] responses to the pleadings and to the motions filed
do not alter U.S. Bank’s right to relief. The loan modification
signed by [Appellant] in 2010 indicated that [] U.S. Bank[] was
the mortgag[ee] in this lawsuit. Thus, [Appellant] was aware of
U.S. Bank’s status as mortgagee since 2010. No evidence has
been put forth by [Appellant] to support her claim that U.S.
Bank is not the proper party to bring this mortgage foreclosure
lawsuit.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/9/2019, at 4 (citation omitted).
____________________________________________
5 In its recitation of the factual background and procedural history, the trial
court mistakenly states that the mortgage was assigned to U.S. Bank on
November 1, 2011. Trial Court Opinion, 7/9/2019, at 1. It is clear from our
review of the record that the assignment, dated November 1, 2013, was
recorded on November 8, 2013. This dating error does not detract from the
trial court’s ultimate conclusion.
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We begin our analysis with a discussion of real parties in interest in the
mortgage foreclosure context.
Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 2002 provides, “[e]xcept as
otherwise provided ... all actions shall be prosecuted by and in
the name of the real party in interest, without distinction
between contracts under seal and parol contracts.” Pa.R.C.P. No.
2002(a); see also J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. Murray,
63 A.3d 1258, 1258 (Pa. Super. 2013) (finding a debtor’s claim
that appellee bank was not a real party in interest to bring
foreclosure action was a challenge to appellee’s standing). “[A]
real party in interest is a [p]erson who will be entitled to benefits
of an action if successful. ... [A] party is a real party in interest if
it has the legal right under the applicable substantive law to
enforce the claim in question.” U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Mallory, 982
A.2d 986, 993-[]94 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citation and quotation
marks omitted; some brackets in original).
In a mortgage foreclosure action, the mortgagee is the real party
in interest. See Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Lupori, 8 A.3d 919,
922 n.3 (Pa. Super. 2010). This is made evident under our
Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure governing actions in
mortgage foreclosure that require a plaintiff in a mortgage
foreclosure action specifically to name the parties to the
mortgage and the fact of any assignments. Pa.R.C.P. No. 1147.
A person foreclosing on a mortgage, however, also must own or
hold the note. This is so because a mortgage is only the security
instrument that ensures repayment of the indebtedness under a
note to real property. …
The rules relating to mortgage foreclosure actions do not
expressly require that the existence of the note and its holder be
pled in the action. Nonetheless, a mortgagee must hold the note
secured by a mortgage to foreclose upon a property.
Bayview Loan Servicing LLC v. Wicker, 163 A.3d 1039, 1044-45 (Pa.
Super. 2017) (some citations omitted) (quoting CitiMortgage, Inc. v.
Barbezat, 131 A.3d 65, 68 (Pa. Super. 2016)).
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In the instant case, Appellant’s attempt to destroy U.S. Bank’s status
as a real party in interest due to a minor naming discrepancy in the
assignment is unconvincing. The record established that Alterna assigned
Appellant’s mortgage to U.S. Bank, as trustee for LLC. U.S. Bank, as trustee
for both LLC and Trust, held the note to the mortgage at the time of filing
the underlying foreclosure action. Accordingly, we agree with the trial court
that U.S. Bank, as trustee for Trust, had standing to bring the complaint in
foreclosure against Appellant. See Joseph, 183 A.3d at 1012-13 (holding
that because Wells Fargo Home Mortgage is part of Wells Fargo Bank, the
bank had standing to bring the foreclosure action).
As there is no dispute that U.S. Bank held the original note and
Appellant has not made payments on the mortgage since January 15, 2015,
we find no error in the trial court’s orders granting U.S. Bank’s motion for
summary judgment in favor of U.S. Bank and against Appellant, and denying
Appellant’s motion for summary judgment.
Orders affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/3/20
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