Com. v. Leonard, Z. ( 2020 )


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    NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    :        PENNSYLVANIA
    :
    v.                       :
    :
    :
    ZACHERY LEONARD                       :
    :
    Appellant           :   No. 552 WDA 2019
    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 14, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Criminal Division at
    No(s): CP-26-CR-0001006-2018
    *****
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    :        PENNSYLVANIA
    :
    v.                       :
    :
    :
    ZACHERY LEONARD                       :
    :
    Appellant           :   No. 553 WDA 2019
    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 14, 2019
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Criminal Division at
    No(s): CP-26-CR-0001007-2018
    *****
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    :        PENNSYLVANIA
    :
    v.                       :
    :
    :
    ZACHERY TARAN LEONARD                 :
    :
    J-S68019-19
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    Appellant                 :   No. 554 WDA 2019
    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 14, 2019
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Criminal Division at
    No(s): CP-26-CR-0001008-2018
    BEFORE:      GANTMAN, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
    MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                            FILED FEBRUARY 10, 2020
    Zachery Leonard appeals from the judgments of sentence, 1 entered in
    the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County, after a jury convicted him of
    various offenses in three consolidated cases.2 After careful review, we affirm.
    On March 18, 2018, Daniel Kessler drove to his niece’s house in
    Connellsville, Pennsylvania, to park his white 1997 Geo Prizm overnight while
    he went camping with Leonard and Leonard’s brother, Davin. Kessler went
    inside the home to speak with his niece, leaving Leonard outside.          After
    speaking with his niece, Kessler discovered that his car and Leonard were
    gone. Shortly thereafter, Leonard returned with Kessler’s car and ran away.
    ____________________________________________
    *   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
    1 We note that by filing three separate notices of appeal from each docket
    below, Leonard has complied with the dictates of Commonwealth v. Walker,
    
    185 A.3d 969
     (Pa. 2018), which held that “where a single order resolves issues
    arising on more than one docket, separate notices of appeal must be filed for
    each of those cases.” 
    Id. at 977
    . See also Pa.R.A.P. 341(a).
    2 We have sua sponte consolidated the three cases below for purposes of
    appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 513 (“[W]here the same question is involved in two or
    more appeals in different cases, the appellate court may, in its discretion,
    order them to be argued together in all particulars as if but a single appeal.”).
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    Kessler locked the car and started to walk to a nearby APlus convenience store
    to purchase snacks for the camping trip. Leonard rejoined Kessler on the way
    and Kessler asked Leonard why Leonard took his car. Leonard said, “He just
    needed to go somewhere real quick that it was no big deal he brought it right
    back.” See N.T. Jury Trial, 3/4/19, Vol. I at 18-19.
    The three men spent the rest of the day camping and eventually went
    to sleep in a tent. The next morning, Kessler briefly woke up when Davin left
    early for work. Later that morning, Kessler awoke again and discovered that
    his car keys were missing and that Leonard was gone. Kessler then went to
    the police station and reported his car stolen to Officer Brian Harvey of the
    City of Connellsville Police Department.
    On the same morning, Leonard arrived at a home occupied by brothers
    Charles and Robert Travis, their mother, their sister, Johnathan Nesbit,
    Robert’s minor son, and Nesbit’s minor son.       Charles Travis gave Leonard
    permission to sleep in the living room for the day, but forbade him from
    leaving the living room. After some members of the household left the house,
    Leonard left the home. When the children returned home from school, they
    reported that various items were missing from their bedrooms, including an
    Xbox One console, multiple video games, controllers, knives, two BB guns, an
    iPod, a laptop, a laptop charger, a gift card, a vaporizer, and a book bag. After
    Charles Travis found out about the missing items, he texted Leonard to inquire
    about them.
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    That afternoon, David Lynn was driving down a one-way alley in front
    of the Community Center in Connellsville, when a 1997 white Geo Prizm struck
    Lynn’s vehicle head-on. After the collision, the driver of the Geo Prizm, later
    identified as Leonard, drove away from the scene. Lynn followed the vehicle
    and found the Geo Prizm abandoned on Fairview Avenue. Later that day, Lynn
    contacted the police about the incident. Corporal Andrew Hominsky went to
    Fairview Avenue to recover the damaged vehicle.            Corporal Hominsky
    discovered that the damaged vehicle was the same vehicle that Kessler had
    reported stolen earlier that day to Officer Harvey. The damage to the vehicle
    was consistent with the details of the collision that Lynn had described.
    That evening, an employee of the Carnegie Free Library in Connellsville
    reported the presence of a suspicious person. Office Harvey and Lieutenant
    Tom Patton responded to the call and found Leonard asleep in the library’s
    computer room with a variety of items surrounding him, including an Xbox
    One console, BB guns, and a book bag containing knives, controllers, and
    clothing. Officer Harvey took Leonard to the police station for questioning
    about the stolen vehicle. After Leonard waived his Miranda3 rights, Leonard
    gave the officers access to text messages on his cell phone between himself
    and Kessler. The text messages showed that Leonard asked Kessler not to
    ____________________________________________
    3   Miranda v. Arizona, 
    84 U.S. 436
     (1966).
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    press charges against him and that he would return the car with an additional
    $200.00 dollars.
    While processing Leonard’s belongings, Leonard’s phone received a text
    message from an unknown number saying, “I believe that you are the one
    that took the last game system from our house.” See N.T. Jury Trial, 3/4/19,
    Vol. I at 81. Lieutenant Patton used Facebook to identify the number as one
    belonging to Charles Travis.          Lieutenant Patton told Charles Travis that
    Leonard was at the station with a variety of items and asked him to come in
    to identify them. Robert Travis, Johnathan Nesbit, their sons, and Charles
    Travis came to the station.         Without prior knowledge of what items were
    recovered, the boys correctly identified the game system as an Xbox One with
    unique stickers, the appearance of the BB guns, and the other items recovered
    from Leonard.
    Leonard was charged in three separate cases:         No. 1006 of 2018
    (accidents involving damage to attended vehicle or property4 and driving
    without a license5); No. 1007 of 2018 (theft by unlawful taking6 and receiving
    ____________________________________________
    4   75 Pa. C.S.A. § 3743.
    5   75 Pa. C.S.A. § 1501(a).
    6   18 Pa. C.S.A. § 3921(a).
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    stolen property (RSP)7); and No. 1008 of 2018 (three counts each of theft by
    unlawful taking and RSP, two counts of access device fraud,8 and one count
    of driving without a license).
    On May 23, 2018, the Commonwealth filed a notice of intent to
    consolidate the three cases pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 582. Leonard waived his
    arraignment on June 15, 2018, and proceeded to a jury trial. On March 5,
    2019, a jury found Leonard guilty of the above-cited crimes.9 On March 14,
    2019, the court sentenced Leonard to 22 to 48 months of incarceration.
    Leonard timely filed a notice of appeal and court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
    concise statement of errors complained of on appeal.       On appeal, Leonard
    presents the following issues for our review:
    (1)   Did the trial court err in consolidating the three (3) cases
    and, thereafter, holding a trial thereon?
    (2)   Did the Commonwealth fail to present sufficient evidence to
    prove beyond a reasonable doubt that [Leonard] exercised
    unlawful control over an [Xbox] One, video games, two BB
    guns, knives, and iPod, a laptop, a laptop charger, a gift
    card, a [vaporizer], and a book bag?
    (3)   Did the Commonwealth fail to present sufficient evidence to
    prove beyond a reasonable doubt that [Leonard] unlawfully
    took a 1997 Geo [Prizm] from its owner?
    ____________________________________________
    7   18 Pa. C.S.A § 3925.
    8   18 Pa. C.S.A. § 4106(a)(1)(ii).
    9At No. 1008 of 2018, Leonard was acquitted of two counts each of theft by
    unlawful taking and RSP.
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    Appellant’s Brief, at 7.
    In his first issue, Leonard contends that the trial court improperly
    consolidated his three cases for trial. Specifically, he argues that consolidation
    “highly prejudiced [him] to the point where he could not receive a fair trial
    [and where] the jury could have improperly inferred guilt based upon the trial
    court’s decision to try all three cases at one time.” Appellant’s Brief, at 10.
    On May 23, 2018, the Commonwealth filed a notice of its intent to
    consolidate Leonard’s three cases in writing with the clerk of courts, and
    served it on Leonard’s attorney in compliance with Pa.R.Crim.P. 582. Leonard
    failed to respond, object to or file a motion to sever the cases prior to trial.
    Thus, we find the issue waived. See Commonwealth v. Berryman, 
    649 A.2d 961
    , 973 (Pa. Super. 1994) (“[W]e note that issues, even those of
    constitutional dimension[,] are waived if not raised in the trial court.”)
    (citations omitted); see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the lower
    court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”).10
    In his second issue, Leonard contends that the Commonwealth failed to
    present sufficient evidence to sustain his conviction for theft by unlawful
    taking of an Xbox One console, multiple video games, two BB guns, knives,
    an iPod, a laptop, a laptop charger, a gift card, a vaporizer, and a book bag.
    ____________________________________________
    10Even if we did not find the issue waived, we would conclude that it is
    meritless. Here, the cases were properly consolidated where the offenses
    were based upon the same transaction. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 582(A)(1)(b).
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    Specifically, Leonard argues that the Commonwealth failed to show that he
    exercised unlawful control over those items because Robert Travis sold those
    items to him.
    Our standard for reviewing a sufficiency claim is whether “the factfinder
    reasonably could have determined all the elements of the crime were
    established beyond a reasonable doubt.”       Commonwealth v. Pitner, 
    928 A.2d 1104
    , 1108 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted). Unless the evidence
    was so weak and inconclusive that no probability of fact could be drawn from
    that evidence, the factfinder determines the weight of the evidence at trial.
    
    Id.
         Accordingly, this Court must view all the evidence and reasonable
    inferences therefrom in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth. 
    Id.
    An individual is guilty of theft by unlawful taking when “he unlawfully
    takes, or exercises unlawful control over, movable property of another with
    intent to deprive him thereof.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3921(a). “Movable property”
    is defined as “property of which location can be changed.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
    3901.     Finally, “deprivation” occurs if a person “withhold[s] property of
    another permanently” or “dispose[s] of the property so as to make it unlikely
    that the owner will recover it.” Id.
    In Commonwealth v. Lloyd, 
    509 A.2d 868
    , 871 (Pa. Super. 1984),
    our Court concluded that sufficient evidence existed to sustain a defendant’s
    conviction for theft by unlawful taking where the defendant was found in
    possession of the stolen item. Additional evidence such as the unique features
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    of the moveable property and the short period of time between the theft and
    the defendant being apprehended further supported the conviction. 
    Id.
    Similarly, here, Nesbit testified that Leonard was left alone in the house
    on the day the items were stolen. See N.T. Jury Trial, 3/4/19, Vol. I at 66.
    When the children returned home that day, they reported the missing items.
    Id. at 67.     Officer Harvey and Lieutenant Patton testified that they found
    Leonard in the Carnegie Library computer room surrounded by the stolen
    items later that same day. Id. at 80; N.T. Jury Trial, 3/5/19, Vol. II at 22.
    Without being given any information about the items, the children were able
    to describe unique features of the items found with Leonard that only
    individuals familiar with the items would know. See N.T. Jury Trial, 3/4/19,
    Vol. I at 81-82.
    Nothing in the record suggests these items were sold to Leonard or that
    Leonard had permission to take these items.11 In fact, Charles Travis, Robert
    Travis, and Johnathan Nesbit all testified that they did not give Leonard
    permission to take these items or to go in the bedrooms. See id. at 54-55,
    57, 69.
    Similar to the situation in Lloyd, the police found Leonard in possession
    of the stolen items the same day the items were stolen and the owners of
    ____________________________________________
    11 In his appellate brief, Leonard claims that he testified the owners sold him
    the items. Appellant’s Brief, at 9. However, Leonard never took the stand at
    trial.
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    items were able to identify their property by their unique characteristics. See
    N.T. Jury Trial, 3/4/19, Vol. I at 80-82. Furthermore, there is more evidence
    of the unlawful taking in the present case than in Lloyd because Leonard had
    a clear opportunity to steal the items when he was left inside the home
    unsupervised. See Id. at 66. By contrast, in Lloyd, the defendant took the
    property from a barn in the middle of the night and had no connection to the
    victim. Lloyd, supra at 869-70.
    Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the Commonwealth,
    the evidence was sufficient to allow the jury to conclude that Leonard
    unlawfully possessed the items. Pitner, 
    supra.
     The fact finder could have
    determined, beyond a reasonable doubt, that Leonard unlawfully possessed
    those items where the record shows Leonard was left unsupervised in the
    Travis house, the items were taken from an area Leonard was specifically
    prohibited from accessing, Leonard did not have permission to possess the
    items, and Leonard was found in possession of the items later that same day.
    Accordingly, this claim is meritless.
    In his third issue, Leonard contends that the Commonwealth failed to
    present sufficient evidence to sustain his conviction for theft by unlawful
    taking regarding Kessler’s Geo Prizm. Specifically, Leonard contends that the
    Commonwealth failed to show that he exercised unlawful control over the
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    vehicle12 because the eyewitness who identified Leonard driving the vehicle
    on the date of the accident was not credible.13
    In Commonwealth v. Galvin, 
    985 A.2d 783
    , 791 (Pa. 2009), the
    Supreme Court concluded that sufficient evidence existed to sustain the
    defendant’s conviction for theft by un-lawful taking, where the defendant
    drove the vehicle without the owner’s permission, even when he had been
    given permission to drive the vehicle on previous occasions.
    Here, Kessler testified that on the morning of March 19, 2018, he was
    camping with Leonard and his brother Davin. See N.T. Jury Trial, 3/4/19,
    Vol. I at 19. After Davin left early for work, Leonard and Kessler were left
    alone and Kessler went back to sleep.              
    Id.
       When Kessler woke up, he
    discovered that his car keys were missing and Leonard was gone. Id. at 20.
    Kessler reported the vehicle stolen to the police and testified that he did not
    give Leonard permission to drive his vehicle. Id. at 21.
    ____________________________________________
    12 In his appellate brief, Leonard claims he testified at trial that he had
    permission to use the vehicle. Appellant’s Brief, at 9. However, as we already
    noted, see supra at n.11, Leonard never took the stand at trial.
    13 We point out that the credibility of a witness’s identification is solely the
    province of the fact finder and is not considered by this court when evaluating
    the sufficiency of the evidence. Pitner, 
    928 A.2d at 1108
    . Here, Lynn
    identified Leonard in court as the driver of the vehicle, which was later
    identified as Kessler’s 1997 Geo Prizm. See N.T. Jury Trial, 3/4/19, Vol. I at
    40. The jury resolved any issue of the credibility of Lynn’s identification at
    trial. As such, the credibility of Lynn’s identification is not considered when
    determining the sufficiency of the evidence.
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    Later that day, Lynn was involved in a head-on collision with a white
    1997 Geo Prizm, which was the same make, model and year of Kessler’s
    missing vehicle. Id. at 73. Lynn positively identified Leonard as the driver in
    court. Id. at 40. When the police impounded the vehicle after the accident,
    Corporal Hominsky identified the vehicle as Kessler’s vehicle.      Id. at 73.
    Additionally, at the police station, Leonard gave the police access to text
    messages between himself and Kessler where Leonard admitted to taking the
    vehicle. See N.T. Jury Trial, 3/5/19, Vol. II at 23.
    Similar to the situation in Galvin, supra, the Commonwealth presented
    sufficient evidence to prove Leonard unlawfully took possession of the owner’s
    vehicle.   As in Galvin, where the defendant was driving a vehicle without
    permission, Lynn saw Leonard drive Kessler’s vehicle after Kessler reported
    the vehicle stolen. See N.T. Jury Trial, 3/4/19, Vol. I at 40. Moreover, Kessler
    testified he did not give Leonard permission, and Kessler reported the vehicle
    as stolen. Id. at 21, 31.
    There was sufficient evidence at trial for the jury to conclude that
    Leonard exercised unlawful control, and, thus, unlawfully possessed the 1997
    Geo Prizm, where the Commonwealth presented evidence that Leonard did
    not have permission to drive the vehicle, Leonard got into an accident while
    driving the vehicle, and Leonard confessed to taking the vehicle in text
    messages between himself and Kessler. Therefore, this claim fails.
    Judgment of sentence affirmed.
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    Judgment Entered.
    Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
    Prothonotary
    Date: 2/10/2020
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Document Info

Docket Number: 552 WDA 2019

Filed Date: 2/10/2020

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 12/13/2024