Com. v. White, K. ( 2020 )

J. S66043/19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
KEENAN WHITE, : No. 3031 EDA 2018
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 4, 2018,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0003045-2015
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
KEENAN WHITE, : No. 3058 EDA 2018
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 4, 2018,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0003046-2015
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
KEENAN WHITE, : No. 3059 EDA 2018
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 4, 2018,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0003047-2015
J. S66043/19
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
KEENAN WHITE, : No. 3060 EDA 2018
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 4, 2018,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0003048-2015
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
KEENAN WHITE, : No. 3061 EDA 2018
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 4, 2018,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0003057-2015
BEFORE: STABILE, J., NICHOLS, J., AND FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED FEBRUARY 14, 2020
In this consolidated appeal, Keenan White appeals from the October 4,
2018 orders entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
granting the Commonwealth’s motion to dismiss appellant’s petition filed
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pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-
9546. We affirm.
The PCRA court set forth the factual and procedural history as follows:
On October 2, 2014, [a]ppellant attempted to stab a
LaSalle University student. Appellant was arrested,
and while being processed, became aggressive and
assaulted four police officers. On April 7, 2016,
[a]ppellant entered a negotiated guilty plea as to all
five dockets,[1] and was sentenced by [the
sentencing] court to an aggregate term of five to ten
years of incarceration, followed by five years of
probation. Appellant did not file post-sentence
motions or a notice of appeal. On December 19,
2016, [a]ppellant filed a petition under the [PCRA]
seeking to vacate his conviction. Counsel was
appointed, and an amended petition was filed on
March 9, 2018. In response, the Commonwealth filed
a motion to dismiss [a]ppellant's petition on July 18,
2018. [The PCRA] court held a hearing on the motion
on October 4, 2018. After hearing testimony from
[a]ppellant and plea counsel, [the PCRA] court
[granted the Commonwealth’s motion to dismiss
appellant’s PCRA petition.]
PCRA court opinion, 1/14/19 at 1. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal at
each of the five dockets.2 The PCRA court ordered appellant to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
1 We note that appellant pleaded guilty to one count of aggravated assault,
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a), at each of the five dockets. Appellant was sentenced
to five to ten years’ incarceration at each of the five dockets; sentences to run
concurrent. Appellant was also sentenced to five years’ probation for a
violation of probation at docket MC-XX-XXXXXXX-2009 and the same at docket
MC-XX-XXXXXXX-2011; probations to run concurrent and to run consecutive
to appellant’s incarceration.
2In a per curiam order, this court consolidated sua sponte appellant’s five
separate appeals.
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Appellant timely complied. The PCRA court subsequently filed its Rule 1925(a)
opinion.
Appellant raises the following issue for our review: “Whether the [PCRA]
court erred in not granting relief on the PCRA petition alleging [plea] counsel
was ineffective[?]” (Appellant’s brief at 7.)
Proper appellate review of a PCRA court’s dismissal of a PCRA petition
is limited to the examination of “whether the PCRA court’s determination is
supported by the record and free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Miller,
102 A.3d 988, 992 (Pa.Super. 2014) (citation omitted). “The PCRA court’s
findings will not be disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the
certified record.” Commonwealth v. Lawson, 90 A.3d 1, 4 (Pa.Super. 2014)
(citations omitted). “This [c]ourt grants great deference to the findings of the
PCRA court, and we will not disturb those findings merely because the record
could support a contrary holding.” Commonwealth v. Hickman, 799 A.2d
136, 140 (Pa.Super. 2002) (citation omitted). In contrast, we review the
PCRA court’s legal conclusions de novo. Commonwealth v. Henkel, 90
A.3d 16, 20 (Pa.Super. 2014) (en banc), appeal denied, 101 A.3d 785 (Pa.
2014).
Here, appellant argues that his plea counsel3 was ineffective because
counsel “never investigated his mental capacity to stand trial [although]
3 We note that appellant, at the time he entered his guilty plea, was
represented by Julia Dekovich, Esq.
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counsel was aware of his mental condition” and failed to ensure that “an
adequate colloquy was conducted.” (Appellant’s brief at 15.) Appellant
contends “he was forced unknowingly, involuntarily, and coercively to plead
guilty to charges that he did not understand and did not understand the
sentence he could receive.” (Id.)
To be eligible for relief based on a claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel, a PCRA petitioner must
demonstrate, by a preponderance of the evidence,
that (1) the underlying claim is of arguable merit;
(2) no reasonable basis existed for counsel’s action or
omission; and (3) there is a reasonable probability
that the result of the proceeding would have been
different absent such error. Commonwealth v.
Steele, 961 A.2d 786, 796 (Pa. 2008).
Commonwealth v. Matias, 63 A.3d 807, 810 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal
denied, 74 A.3d 1030 (Pa. 2013). “The failure to satisfy any one of the prongs
requires rejection of the petitioner's claim.” Commonwealth v. Williams,
141 A.3d 440, 454 (Pa. 2016) (citation omitted).
“Allegations of ineffectiveness in connection with the entry of a guilty
plea will serve as a basis for relief only if the ineffectiveness caused the
defendant to enter an involuntary or unknowing plea.” Hickman, 799 A.2d
at 141 (citation omitted). “Once the defendant has entered a guilty plea, it is
presumed that he was aware of what he was doing, and the burden of proving
involuntariness is upon him.” Commonwealth v. Willis, 68 A.3d 997, 1002
(Pa.Super. 2013) (citation omitted). The totality of the circumstances
surrounding a guilty plea must be examined to determine if the guilty plea
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was voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently entered. Commonwealth v.
Allen, 732 A.2d 582, 589 (Pa. 1999).
The Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure
mandate that pleas be taken in open court, and
require the [trial] court to conduct an on-the-record
colloquy to ascertain whether a defendant is aware of
his rights and the consequences of his plea.
Specifically, the [trial] court must affirmatively
demonstrate the defendant understands: (1) the
nature of the charges to which he is pleading guilty;
(2) the factual basis for the plea; (3) his right to trial
by jury; (4) the presumption of innocence; (5) the
permissible ranges of sentences and fines possible;
and (6) that the [trial] court is not bound by the terms
of the agreement unless the [trial] court accepts the
agreement.
Commonwealth v. Kelley, 136 A.3d 1007, 1013 (Pa.Super. 2016) (citations
omitted). Nothing in the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure “precludes
the supplementation of the oral colloquy by a written colloquy that is read,
completed, and signed by the defendant and made a part of the plea
proceedings.” Commonwealth v. Bedell, 954 A.2d 1209, 1212-1213
(Pa.Super. 2008) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 964 A.2d 893 (Pa.
2009). A written form signed by the defendant that includes any of the
neglected requirements of the oral colloquy will cure the defective colloquy.
Allen, 732 A.2d at 589.
Here, the record demonstrates appellant signed a written guilty plea
colloquy form in which appellant acknowledged that he understood the nature
of the charges, the factual basis for the plea, his right to a jury trial, he was
presumed innocent, what the permissible sentence range was, and the judge
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was not bound by the terms of the agreement. Appellant signed this form
stating that he knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently was pleading guilty. A
review of the notes of testimony from the plea hearing demonstrates that the
trial court’s oral colloquy of appellant, in pertinent part, was as follows:
[The Court]: Yeah. Sir, did you go over that form
with the attorney, understand your rights you’re
giving up on the form, and will you sign the forms?
[Appellant]: (No response.)
[Plea Counsel]: He’s asking you a question. Did we
go over the form?
[The Court]: You swear to tell the truth today. Right?
[Appellant]: Yes.
[The Court]: Okay. Just state your name for the
record.
[Appellant]: Keenan White.
[The Court]: Okay. So, you went over that with your
attorney. You understand your rights you’re giving
up. Right?
[Appellant]: Yes.
[The Court]: You understand you’re giving up your
right for a trial by jury. Right?
[Appellant]: Yes.
[The Court]: And once you plead guilty and you’re
sentenced, you’ll have but only four limited issues you
can raise on appeal. First is jurisdiction, but I have
that. Second is the legality of the sentence. Sir, I’ll
sentence you within the legal boundaries to this
agreed upon sentence. Third, is voluntariness. So,
are you doing this of your own free will?
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[Appellant]: Yes.
[The Court]: Okay. Fourth is, are you satisfied with
your attorney?
[Appellant]: Yes.
[The Court]: The Commonwealth will ask you to
agree to all the facts and all the police reports and
mark them into evidence now. Will you agree with
those facts?
[Appellant]: Yes.
[The Court]: Will you waive arraignment and plead
guilty today?
[Appellant]: Yes.
Notes of testimony, 4/7/16 at 4-5.
At the PCRA hearing, plea counsel stated she had gone over the factual
basis of appellant’s case with him before he entered his guilty plea. (Notes of
testimony, 10/4/18 at 45.) Counsel also stated appellant had a competency
evaluation in December 2014 and that counsel, based upon her subsequent
three meetings with appellant prior to his plea, had no reason to question his
competency. (Id. at 44-45.) Plea counsel started working in the mental
health unit of the Defender Association of Philadelphia about eight months
prior to representing appellant.
The PCRA court found that at the PCRA hearing appellant made only
bald statements about his mental incompetency at the time he entered his
guilty plea and failed to call any witnesses to substantiate his claim of
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incompetency. (PCRA court opinion, 1/14/19 at 4.) The PCRA court stated,
“neither this [PCRA] court nor [plea] counsel, trained and experienced in the
specialized field of defense of mentally ill clients, detected any indicia of
mental impairment at the time of the guilty plea.” (Id.) The PCRA court
explained, “appellant’s claim that mental impairment rendered his plea
involuntary [was] directly contradicted by his filing of a carefully researched
and drafted [m]otion for [n]ew [c]ounsel several weeks prior to his guilty
plea.” (Id. at 3.)
In consideration of the totality of the circumstances, appellant failed to
establish that he did not fully understand the nature and consequences of his
plea and that his guilty plea was involuntarily and unknowingly entered.
Furthermore, appellant failed to present any evidence that he was mentally
incompetent at the time he entered his guilty plea or that would have led plea
counsel to believe further investigation of his competency was required. See
Willis, 68 A.3d at 1002 (stating that the reasonableness of an attorney’s
particular investigation of a defendant’s competency “depends upon evidence
known to counsel, as well as evidence that would cause a reasonable attorney
to conduct a further investigation” (citation omitted)). Therefore, appellant’s
claim of ineffectiveness of plea counsel fails.
Accordingly, we find that the PCRA court’s granting of the
Commonwealth’s motion to dismiss appellant’s PCRA petition is supported by
the record and free of legal error.
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Orders affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/14/20
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