Com. v. McCutchen ( 2020 )

J-S24033-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
FREDDY MCCUTCHEN, :
:
Appellant : No. 1323 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered April 8, 2019
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0701591-1971
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., STABILE, J. and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED JUNE 22, 2020
Freddy McCutchen (Appellant) appeals pro se from the April 8, 2019
judgment of sentence of 40 years to life imprisonment imposed following a
resentencing hearing pursuant to Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012).1
Upon review, we conclude that the PCRA court lacked jurisdiction to vacate
Appellant’s original judgment of sentence, and therefore quash.
A prior panel of this Court provided the following background.
This case has been the subject of four prior published decisions.
In 1973, a jury initially found Appellant guilty of killing a six-
year[-]old boy after sodomizing the victim [(Victim)]. The facts
of the brutal slaying are unnecessary to our disposition and are
1 In Miller, the United States Supreme Court held that a “mandatory
[sentence of] life without parole [(LWOP)] for those under the age of 18 at
the time of their crimes violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel
and unusual punishments.” 567 U.S. at 465 (internal quotation marks
omitted).
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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set forth in our Supreme Court’s 1982 decision.
Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 454 A.2d 547 (Pa. 1982).[2]
At the time of the crime, Appellant was fifteen.[3] His initial
conviction for first-degree murder was reversed by the
2 Our Supreme Court set forth the evidence as follows.
Evidence adduced at trial established that on June 7, 1971, at
approximately 9:05 P.M., [Appellant], known as “Shank,”
wearing a yellow jacket with a round, blue emblem, was seen
walking with [] six-year-old [V]ictim and calming him after
[Victim’s] involvement in a scuffle with another child. They
walked in the general direction of the crime scene. Later, []
fifteen-year-old [Appellant], no longer wearing the yellow jacket,
was seen entering a taproom where he washed his hands. At
approximately 10:30 P.M. that evening, the battered body of
[V]ictim was found in a dark, abandoned area behind a vacant
factory within blocks of where he was seen with [Appellant].
Slacks around his ankles, undershorts pulled up around his
waist, [Victim] was pronounced dead at the scene. His shirt,
stained with feces and semen, was on the ground four feet
away. Near [Victim’s] shirt was a large black, “bush type,” comb
with “Shank” scratched on the handle. A yellow jacket with a
round, blue emblem was found one and one-half days later not
far from the scene. Stained with both blood of [V]ictim’s type
and semen consistent with [Appellant’s] type, the jacket was
identified as the one worn by [Appellant] when he was seen
calming [V]ictim and walking in the general direction of the
vacant factory.
The medical examiner testified to the various severe injuries to
the head, producing at least three comminuted fractures of the
skull, opined to have been inflicted by blows of a heavy rounded
object. Also recounted was the tearing of the marginal area of
the anus in four discrete areas, as a result of the anal sodomy,
and the outcome of laboratory examination of material from the
anal area which established the presence of semen.
454 A.2d at 548.
3 The record is inconsistent as to whether Appellant was 15 or 16 at the time
of the crime, but our Supreme Court reviewed the crime as happening when
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Pennsylvania Supreme Court because he had confessed to the
crime without being afforded an opportunity to speak with his
mother or another interested adult. Commonwealth v.
McCutchen, 343 A.2d 669 (Pa. 1975). Concomitantly, [this]
Court reversed his sodomy conviction for the same
reason. Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 369 A.2d 291 (Pa.
Super. 1976).
Thereafter, the Commonwealth retried Appellant for the murder
and nolle prossed the sodomy count. A jury again convicted
Appellant of first-degree murder on May 5, 1976. [On April 5,
1977, Appellant was sentenced to a mandatory sentence of
LWOP.] This Court reversed on the basis that two color slides of
[] six-year-old [V]ictim’s body, which were shown to the jury,
were too gruesome and inflammatory. Commonwealth v.
McCutchen, 417 A.2d 1260 (Pa. Super. 1979). However, the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court reversed that decision and
remanded to the Superior Court for consideration of additional
issues not addressed. McCutchen, 454 A.2d 547. This Court
then affirmed. Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 488 A.2d 1165
(Pa. Super. 1984) (unpublished memorandum). The Supreme
Court denied allocatur on April 10, 1985.
McCutchen, 121 A.3d 1126 (Pa. Super. 2015) (unpublished memorandum
at 2) (footnotes omitted). Appellant subsequently filed petitions pursuant to
the Post Conviction Relief Act, 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546, and its
predecessor, in 1989, 1990, 2005, 2012, 2016, and 2018.4
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
Appellant was 15 years old, and, according to Appellant’s answer at his
resentencing hearing, he would have been 15 years old at the time of the
murder. See McCutchen, 454 A.2d at 548; N.T., 4/8/2019, at 10-13
(discussing inconsistencies in the record regarding Appellant’s date of birth,
and Appellant’s providing his date of birth).
4 On April 29, 2015, Appellant filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in
federal court based in part upon Miller. The District Court denied and
dismissed Appellant’s petition in part, holding the portion seeking relief
pursuant to Miller in abeyance. See McCutchen v. Wenerowicz, 2018 WL
2250876 at *1 & n.1 (E.D.Pa. 2018) (unreported order) (“While
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Of particular relevance to this appeal are the 2012, 2016, and 2018
petitions. In 2012, Appellant sought relief, inter alia, for his LWOP sentence
based on Miller. This Court affirmed the PCRA court’s dismissal of
Appellant’s Miller claim pursuant to Commonwealth v. Cunningham, 81
A.3d 1 (Pa. 2013) (overruled), which had held that Miller did not apply
retroactively to claims on collateral review. See McCutchen, 121 A.3d
1126 (unpublished memorandum). Appellant did not seek review before our
Supreme Court.
On January 25, 2016, the United States Supreme Court held that
Miller’s prohibition on LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders announced a
new substantive rule that applied retroactively in cases on collateral review,
overruling Cunningham. Montgomery v. Louisiana, ___ U.S. ___, 136
S. Ct. 718 (2016). Appellant did not file a PCRA petition pursuant to
Montgomery. Following Montgomery, the Defender Association of
Philadelphia (DAP) compiled a list of 66 individuals, including Appellant, who
it believed were entitled to Miller/Montgomery relief. On May 25, 2016,
DAP was appointed to represent Appellant and the 65 other individuals in
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
[Appellant’s] Miller claim also appears to be untimely, this Court will, by
separate order, appoint the Federal Community Defender Office for the
Eastern District of Pennsylvania to represent Petitioner on this claim. This
Court will hold in abeyance its decision on [Appellant’s] Miller claim until the
Federal Community Defender Office has an opportunity to respond to the
timeliness issue and the merits of the claim.”). There is no indication in the
record or in this Court’s independent research as to the status of Appellant’s
federal case.
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connection with any Montgomery proceedings. Following appointment,
DAP did not file a PCRA petition based on Montgomery.
On June 22, 2016, Appellant pro se filed a petition seeking relief
pursuant to Williams v. Pennsylvania, ___ U.S. ___, 136 S. Ct. 1899
(2016) (holding “that under the Due Process Clause there is an
impermissible risk of actual bias when a judge earlier had significant,
personal involvement as a prosecutor in a critical decision regarding the
defendant’s case”). Specifically, Appellant averred that Pennsylvania
Supreme Court Justice McDermott, who was the judge at Appellant’s jury
trial, should have recused himself from Appellant’s appeal before that Court
in 1982.
On August 15, 2016, as part of the “Juvenile Lifers Sentenced Without
the Possibility of Parole Program,” a “PCRA Conference Order” was entered
tentatively scheduling Appellant for a resentencing hearing on October 17,
2016. Order, 8/15/2016.5 On October 25, 2016, the Commonwealth filed
an answer, purportedly in response to a PCRA petition seeking
Miller/Montgomery relief, conceding that Appellant was entitled to such
relief. However, no PCRA petitions raising a Miller/Montgomery claim
appear in the record prior to the filing of this purported answer. In its March
15, 2017 answer to Appellant’s 2016 pro se PCRA petition raising a
5 We are unable to glean any additional information on this program from
the record.
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Williams claim, the Commonwealth stated that no petition pursuant to
Miller/Montgomery had been filed when it filed its October 25, 2016
answer. Commonwealth’s Response, 3/15/2017, at 3 (unnumbered). In
Appellant’s pro se response to the Commonwealth, Appellant raised for the
first time, in cursory fashion at the conclusion of his Williams analysis, that
his LWOP sentence was illegal pursuant to Montgomery. Appellant’s
Response, 3/29/2017, at 6.
The PCRA court appointed non-DAP counsel on Appellant’s Williams
petition, and that counsel filed a petition to withdraw and Turner/Finley6
no-merit letter. The PCRA court ultimately dismissed Appellant’s 2016 PCRA
petition raising a Williams claim as untimely. On October 16, 2018, this
Court affirmed the PCRA court’s dismissal. Commonwealth v. McCutchen,
200 A.3d 567 (Pa. Super. 2018) (unpublished memorandum).
On December 7, 2018, and December 17, 2018, additional “PCRA
Conference Orders” were issued, rescheduling Appellant’s purported
resentencing hearing. On December 18, 2018, DAP filed for the first time a
PCRA petition challenging the legality of Appellant’s LWOP sentence under
Montgomery. Therein, counsel acknowledged that he had failed to file
timely a petition, but argued that all parties had been operating as if
Appellant had filed timely a petition following Montgomery, and requested
6 Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth
v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).
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that the PCRA court consider Appellant’s December 18, 2018 petition nunc
pro tunc. PCRA Petition, 12/18/2018, at 2 (unnumbered) (“[S]ince the lack
of having filed a Montgomery claim appears to have been a mere
administrative oversight, in the interest of justice, [Appellant] respectfully
requests that [the PCRA court] reinstate his Miller/Montgomery PCRA
nunc pro tunc, and continue its diligent efforts at permitting vacation of the
mandatory life sentence, and re[]sentencing [Appellant] according to the
current [juvenile LWOP resentencing] procedures.”). On January 4, 2019,
the PCRA court granted Appellant’s request to consider his December 18,
2018 petition nunc pro tunc.7
On April 8, 2019, the PCRA court granted Appellant’s December 18,
2018 PCRA petition, vacated his 1977 LWOP sentence, and held a
resentencing hearing in accordance with Commonwealth v. Batts (Batts
II), 163 A.3d 410 (Pa. 2017).8 After hearing the arguments of counsel and
7 For the reasons discussed at length infra, the court lacked jurisdiction to
consider the PCRA petition.
8 In Batts II, our Supreme Court held that in resentencing a juvenile
defendant convicted of first-degree murder pre-Miller, a court may sentence
the defendant to LWOP only after finding him “permanently incorrigible and
that rehabilitation would be impossible[;]” otherwise, the defendant shall be
sentenced to life with the possibility of parole following a minimum term-of-
years sentence. 163 A.3d at 459-60. Here, the Commonwealth conceded
that it could not prove Appellant was incorrigible and incapable of
rehabilitation, and therefore did not seek a LWOP sentence. N.T., 4/8/2019,
at 15-16. Due to the surrounding circumstances of the murder, even though
Appellant was not convicted of sodomy at his second trial, the
Commonwealth requested that Appellant be supervised upon release by a
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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victim impact statements from Victim’s sister and father, the court
sentenced Appellant as follows.
[T]his is one of the worst cases that I have seen. The damage
that you caused and the pain that you caused can’t be described.
And you heard from [Victim’s sister] that her mother attempted
to commit suicide multiple times as a result of your actions. So
you had this happy family who has been destroyed. That
doesn’t diminish how you destroyed your own life, but it is
hereby the sentence of this [c]ourt that you serve a period of not
less than 40 nor more than life imprisonment.
Now, I am making a condition that you undergo a sex treatment
program in the prison before you are eligible for parole. So
make sure you hear me and understand me. In the past, you
may have refused programs and you can refuse programs again.
But if you don’t complete a sex offender program in prison, the
Parole Board is not going to consider paroling you, nor will I
when they ask me what my recommendations are.
***
So, you have the time credit in, but so we understand, get that
program done and then you’ll be eligible for parole. Time for
credit.
N.T., 4/8/2019, at 39-41.
Immediately following the court’s imposition of sentence, Appellant
indicated that he wanted to represent himself for purposes of appeal.
Accordingly, the court held a hearing pursuant to Commonwealth v.
Grazier, 713 A.2d 1 (Pa. 1998). See N.T., 4/8/2019, at 41-51. At the
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
sex offender unit of the Parole Board. Id. at 33-34. DAP conveyed
Appellant’s request of a sentence of 22½ to 45 years, but acknowledged that
such a sentence was not legally permissible under Batts II. Alternatively,
DAP asked the court to sentence Appellant to 35 years to life. Id. at 31-32.
It was undisputed that Appellant had been in prison for 48 years at the time
of his resentencing hearing.
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conclusion of the hearing, the court permitted DAP to withdraw and granted
Appellant’s request to proceed pro se. Id. at 51.
On April 15, 2019, Appellant filed a motion for reconsideration of
sentence based on, inter alia, (1) the Commonwealth’s reading aloud a
portion of Appellant’s statement that had previously been suppressed by
McCutchen, 343 A.2d 669; (2) the Commonwealth’s mentioning Appellant’s
sodomy charge even though it had been nolle prossed; (3) the court’s
imposing a condition requiring that Appellant complete sex offender
treatment before being eligible for parole; and (4) an alleged due process
violation because the court imposed a new minimum sentence of 40 years
where Appellant had 48 years’ credit, thereby causing him to lose the
opportunity to seek parole for the last eight years. The court denied
Appellant’s post-sentence motion on April 30, 2019.
Appellant filed a notice of appeal on April 30, 2019.9 Both Appellant
and the resentencing court have complied with the mandates of Pa.R.A.P.
9 The notice of appeal was hand-dated April 27, 2019, and received April 30,
2019. Thus, it was filed before the court ruled on Appellant’s post-sentence
motion. See Commonwealth v. DiClaudio, 210 A.3d 1070, 1074 (Pa.
Super. 2019) (“[T]he prisoner mailbox rule provides that a pro se prisoner’s
document is deemed filed on the date he delivers it to prison authorities for
mailing.”). As a general rule, this Court has jurisdiction only over final
orders. When a post-sentence motion is filed timely, the judgment of
sentence does not become final until the trial court disposes of the motion or
it is denied by operation of law. Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(2). “No direct appeal
may be taken by a defendant while his or her post-sentence motion is
pending.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 720 comment. When an appellant files a notice of
appeal before the court has ruled on his post-sentence motions, the
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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1925. On appeal, Appellant raises the following questions for our review,
which we restate verbatim.
1. Whether where the Commonwealth introduced a confession
which had been suppressed over 44 years ago created
prosecutorial misconduct and violated the Appellants
constitutional right to remain silent and as such impermissibly
contributed to the sentence of 40 years to life?
2. Whether where the Commonwealth injected into the
sentencing hearing a sodomy charge and conviction that had
been reversed and nolle prosequi and the indictment
squashed for lack of prosecution over 42 years ago
impermissibly contributed to the sentence of 40 years to life
and as such created prosecutorial misconduct?
3. Whether where the hearing and sentencing court ordered that
the Appellant must enter a sex offender program and must
complete it before he can be paroled created two
impermissible presumptions (1) where there is no conviction
for any sexual conduct and (2) where neither at the first trial
held October 1972 sentence imposed on 10-3-73 nor at a
second trial held April-May 1976 sentence imposed on April
5th 1977 did either court order any such program nor
conditions nor any sex offender registration once out of prison
causes the sentencing court order of April 8th 2019 to be an
abuse of discretion, judicial overreaching and retaliation, and
amounts to convicting the Appellant of a crime he is not
charged with?
4. Whether where the sentencing court imposed a 40 year
minimum is contrary to the State Supreme Court
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
judgment of sentence is not yet final, and any purported appeal therefrom is
premature and interlocutory. In those circumstances, the proper remedy is
to quash the appeal, relinquish jurisdiction, and remand for the trial court to
consider the post-sentence motions nunc pro tunc. See Commonwealth v.
Borrero, 692 A.2d 158, 160 (Pa. Super. 1997) (holding appeal premature
while post-sentence motion was still pending before the lower court). In the
instant case, although Appellant’s notice of appeal was filed prematurely, our
jurisdiction has been perfected because the court subsequently entered an
order denying Appellant’s post-sentence motion.
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determination at Commonwealth v. Batts No. 79 MAP
(2009) decided 3-26-19[10] where the Court ordered that
juveniles convicted prior to June 25, 2012 cannot be
subjected to the high mandatory minimum of § 1102.1 upon
resentencing?
5. Whether where the sentencing court imposed a sentence of
40 years to life denied the Appellant substantive due process
and created cruel and unusual punishment violative of the
United States Constitutions 8th and 14th Amendments where
(1) the minimum of 40 years expired on June 8th 2011 8
years before the sentence was imposed, and as such denied
the Appellant the right to had submitted an application for a
parole from 2011 to 2018 and (2) where the Appellant was
not allowed to had challenged such sentence on appeal
following both trials held in 1972 and 1976 and as such
causes such sentence to be invalid?
Appellant’s Brief at 5-6 (capitalization altered).
Before we reach the merits of Appellant’s claims on appeal, we must
first determine whether Appellant’s Montgomery claim was properly
presented. “Appellate jurisdiction cannot be conferred by mere agreement
or silence of the parties where it is otherwise nonexistent. We may
accordingly raise this issue sua sponte, even though neither of the parties
have done so.” Commonwealth v. Borrero, 692 A.2d 158, 159 (Pa.
Super. 1997) (citations omitted). See also Montgomery, ___ U.S. ___,
136 S.Ct. at 732 (“In adjudicating claims under its collateral review
procedures a State may not deny a controlling right asserted under the
Constitution, assuming the claim is properly presented in the case.”).
Specifically at issue is whether the PCRA court had jurisdiction to entertain
10 Commonwealth v. Batts, 66 A.3d 286 (Pa. 2013) (Batts I).
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Appellant’s 2018 PCRA petition, because if it did not, the court was likewise
without jurisdiction to vacate Appellant’s LWOP sentence, rendering the
proceedings after it and any appeal from the 2019 sentence nullities.
The PCRA provides that “[a]ny petition under this subchapter,
including a second or subsequent petition, shall be filed within
one year of the date the judgment becomes final.” 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9545(b)(1). A PCRA petition may be filed beyond the one-year
time period only if the convicted defendant pleads and proves
one of the following three exceptions:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the
result of interference by government officials with
the presentation of the claim in violation of the
Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the
Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that
was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United
States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after
the time period provided in this section and has been
held by that court to apply retroactively.
Id. At the time of all events relevant to this PCRA
petition, [subs]ection 9545(b)(2) required that a PCRA petition
invoking an exception “be filed within 60 days of the date the
claim could have been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2) (in
effect January 16, 1996 to December 23, 2018).3 The PCRA’s
time limit is mandatory and jurisdictional, and a court may not
ignore it and reach the merits of the PCRA petition, even where
the convicted defendant claims that his sentence is
unconstitutional and illegal.
______
3 In 2018, [subs]ection 9545(b)(2) was amended to
provide that a PCRA petition invoking an exception “shall
be filed within one year of the date the claim could have
been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2); Act of October
24, 2018, P.L. 894, No. 146, § 2. The Act
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amending [subs]ection 9545(b)(2) provided that the one-
year period applies only to timeliness exception claims
arising on or after December 24, 2017. Act of October 24,
2018, P.L. 894, No. 146, §§ 3, 4. The events [giving rise
to Cobbs’s] claims timeliness exceptions are the
2012 Miller decision, the 2016 Montgomery [] decision
and [Cobbs’s] September 2017 Allegheny County case
resentencing. Because all of these occurred prior to
December 2017, the 60-day rather than the one-year
period applies here.[11]
Commonwealth v. Cobbs, ___ A.3d ___, 2020 WL 880345 at *2-3 (Pa.
Super. 2020) (some citations omitted).
“For purposes of [the PCRA], a judgment [of sentence] becomes final
at the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the
Supreme Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania,
or at the expiration of time for seeking the review.” 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9545(b)(3). Here, Appellant’s sentence became final in 1985 after our
Supreme Court denied allocatur and Appellant declined to seek review with
the United States Supreme Court. As such, Appellant’s 2018 petition is
facially untimely and he was required to plead and prove an exception to the
timeliness requirements.
Appellant did not plead any timeliness exceptions in his 2018
petition.12 Instead, counsel requested that the PCRA court consider the
11Insofar as Appellant also bases his timeliness exception on the
Montgomery decision, the 60-day period similarly applies here.
12 Even if Appellant had attempted to plead and prove any of the exceptions,
it would have been fruitless. The only potentially applicable exception would
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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petition nunc pro tunc based on a “mere administrative oversight” resulting
in Appellant’s failure to file timely a PCRA petition pursuant to
Miller/Montgomery, and because all parties had been proceeding as if
Appellant had timely filed a PCRA petition following Montgomery. See
PCRA Petition, 12/18/2018, at 2 (unnumbered). While counsel attempted to
take the blame for failing to file timely a PCRA petition, it is well-settled that
allegations of the ineffective assistance of counsel will not overcome the
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
be the new-retroactive-right exception based upon Montgomery. The
Supreme Court decided Montgomery on January 25, 2016. As such, PCRA
petitions that would otherwise be untimely had to be filed by March 25,
2016, within 60 days of the issuance of Montgomery, to invoke the new-
retroactive-right timeliness exception. Appellant’s 2018 petition clearly does
not fall within that time frame, and Appellant did not file any other petition
pursuant to Montgomery during that time frame.
Nor can the 2018 petition be considered an extension of Appellant’s
2012 petition invoking Miller. This Court affirmed the dismissal of
Appellant’s 2012 petition in 2015. See McCutchen, 121 A.3d 1126
(unpublished memorandum). Thus, Appellant’s 2012 petition was final at
the time Montgomery was issued.
Once a PCRA petition has been decided and the ruling on it has
become final, there is nothing for a subsequent petition or
pleading to “extend.” Far from continuing into perpetuity, the
[PCRA] court’s jurisdiction over a matter generally ends once an
appeal is taken from a final order or, if no appeal is taken, thirty
days elapse after the final order.
Commonwealth v. Robinson, 837 A.2d 1157, 1162 (Pa. 2003) (“Since the
jurisdiction of the court system over the prior PCRA petition had expired,
appellee’s subsequent petitions were entirely new collateral actions and, as
such, they were subject to the time and serial petition restrictions
of [subs]ection 9545(b) of the PCRA.”).
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PCRA’s jurisdictional timeliness requirements,13 and “the nature of the
constitutional violations alleged has no effect on the application of the PCRA
time bar. Rather, the only cognizable exceptions are set forth
at [subs]ection 9545(b)(1).” Commonwealth v. Edmiston, 65 A.3d 339,
349 (Pa. 2013) (citing Commonwealth v. Wharton, 886 A.2d 1120, 1127
(Pa. 2005)).
[Our Supreme] Court has repeatedly stated that the timeliness
requirements are jurisdictional in nature and, accordingly, a
PCRA court cannot hear untimely PCRA petitions. In addition,
we have noted that [t]he PCRA confers no authority upon this
Court to fashion ad hoc equitable exceptions to the PCRA time-
bar in addition to those exceptions expressly delineated in the
Act. We have also recognized that the PCRA’s time restriction is
constitutionally valid.
Commonwealth v. Robinson, 837 A.2d 1157, 1161 (Pa. 2003) (citations
and quotation marks omitted).
Here, Appellant’s petition was patently untimely and he failed to plead
or prove any of the statutory timeliness exceptions. As a result, the PCRA
court lacked jurisdiction to consider Appellant’s 2018 PCRA petition. See
Commonwealth v. Valentine, 928 A.2d 346, 349 (Pa. Super. 2007)
(citations omitted) (“The PCRA court lacked jurisdiction ab initio to grant
PCRA relief, because [Valentine] filed his PCRA petition more than one year
after his judgment of sentence became final and failed to plead or prove a
13 Additionally, counsel did not seek appointment until after the 60-day
timeframe for filing a petition invoking Montgomery as a timeliness
exception had elapsed.
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statutory timeliness exception. Accordingly, we are likewise precluded from
addressing the merits of Appellant’s claim and quash this appeal.”).
We are cognizant that Appellant is serving a sentence that would have
been vacated as unconstitutional if he had filed his petition within 60 days of
the issuance of Montgomery, because the lower court would have had
jurisdiction to grant him relief. At the same time, we note that
any formulation of a time limitation curtailing collateral judicial
review must accept that some legitimate claims may possibly
escape review. Nevertheless, a time bar applicable to post-
conviction review is a rational, and perhaps necessary,
legislative response to serial challenges raised by prisoners that
undermine finality and tax government resources, and to
effectively implement a limitation, exceptions by their nature
must contain effective boundaries to prevent them from
undermining the general rule.
Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930 A.2d 1264, 1279 (Pa. 2007) (Saylor, J.,
dissenting) (footnote omitted). Our Supreme Court has created clear
boundaries around the timeliness of PCRA petitions, and we cannot create a
non-statutory exception to allow Appellant the benefit of Montgomery.
Accordingly, we conclude that the PCRA court lacked jurisdiction to
grant Appellant’s request to review his PCRA petition nunc pro tunc or to
grant PCRA relief. Consequently, Appellant’s 2019 sentence and appeal
therefrom are legal nullities, and his 1977 sentence remains in effect.
Appeal quashed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/22/20
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