Com. v. Colbert, I. ( 2020 )

J-S21036-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ISIAH COLBERT :
:
Appellant : No. 1466 WDA 2019
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered August 27, 2019
in the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-26-CR-0001487-2016
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., DUBOW, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED JULY 21, 2020
Isiah Colbert (“Colbert”) appeals from the Order denying his Petition for
relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 We affirm.
The PCRA court summarized the facts underlying the instant appeal as
follows:
In the early morning hours of February 27, 2016, [] Colbert
and a co-defendant, Bobbi Jo Mack [(“Mack”) (collectively, “the
defendants”)], were out drinking in Uniontown. The victim was at
the same bar as the [] defendants, celebrating her 19th birthday.
Between midnight and 1:30 [a.m.], the victim went to the Frick
Tri County Credit Union to withdraw money from an ATM. [The
defendants] attacked the victim at the ATM. [] Colbert hit the
victim in her face and knocked her to the ground. [] Mack then
came over and began kicking and hitting the victim. The
defendants took the $250 that the victim had just withdrawn from
the ATM, [and] then had the victim withdraw $100 more from the
ATM.
____________________________________________
1 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
J-S21036-20
[The defendants] then took the victim to the vehicle they
were using and put her in the car. The defendants drove to a PNC
[Bank] ATM, where they had the victim withdraw another $120.
The defendants then drove the victim to another PNC [Bank] ATM,
where they had her withdraw another $20. The defendants then
walked the victim back to the car and put her in the trunk.
[The defendants] then drove the victim to the Coolspring
Ballfield in North Union Township. The defendants then beat the
victim, and [] Colbert took the victim into the woods, where her
shoes, driver’s license, wallet, ATM receipts, and other personal
items were later found. The victim was then left there.
The victim laid there for two hours, severely beaten,
wearing only leggings, a t-shirt, and a sweater, before getting up
and walking to a house in Jumonville. It was 23 degrees
Fahrenheit outside. The homeowners took the victim inside and
called 911. The victim was transported to [the hospital.] She
suffered two subdural hematomas, a traumatic hematoma of the
face, and a broken back. She also had cuts and bruises all over
her body. [Evidence of a sexual assault also was found.]
At the guilty plea proceedings, [] Colbert disputed some of
the facts asserted by the Commonwealth—he claimed he did not
put the victim in the trunk—but he did not dispute that the
Commonwealth could present evidence and witnesses to testify to
those facts. [] Colbert then pleaded guilty to attempted homicide,
aggravated assault, kidnapping, robbery, criminal conspiracy,
sexual assault, unlawful restraint, theft by unlawful taking, and
simple assault. On April 26, 2017, [] Colbert was sentenced to a
period of incarceration of 27½ to 55 years. [Colbert did not file a
direct appeal of his judgment of sentence.]
On August 7, 2018, [] Colbert filed a pro se Petition for Post-
Conviction Relief. [Counsel] was appointed to represent []
Colbert[,] [who] filed an Amended PCRA Petition on March 25,
2019. A hearing on the Amended Petition was held on June 24,
2019.
PCRA Court Opinion, 8/27/19, at 1-3 (some capitalization omitted). After a
hearing, the PCRA court subsequently denied Colbert’s PCRA Petition. Colbert
-2-
J-S21036-20
timely filed a Notice of Appeal, followed by a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
Concise Statement of matters complained of on appeal.
Colbert presents the following claim for our review:
Whether the evidence presented at the [PCRA] hearing warranted
the denial of post-conviction collateral relief, even though the
evidence showed that [Colbert] was induced to plead guilty to the
respective charges, and [Colbert] was innocent of the charges of
attempted homicide, aggravated assault, [] sexual assault, and
the related conspiracy charges?[2]
Brief for Appellant at 7 (footnote added).
As our Supreme Court has explained,
[u]pon reviewing an order in a PCRA matter, we must determine
whether the findings of the PCRA court are supported by the
record and whether the court’s legal conclusions are free from
error. The findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of record
are viewed in a light most favorable to the prevailing party. The
PCRA court’s credibility determinations, when supported by the
record, are binding; however, this court applies a de novo
standard of review to the PCRA court’s legal conclusions. We must
keep in mind that the petitioner has the burden of persuading this
Court that the PCRA court erred and that such error requires relief.
Finally, this Court may affirm a valid judgment or order for any
reason appearing of record.
Commonwealth v. Montalvo, 205 A.3d 274, 286 (Pa. 2019) (citations
omitted).
Colbert claims that his plea was unlawfully induced, “because [c]ounsel
would withdraw from his case unless he pleaded guilty.” Brief for Appellant
at 20. Colbert states that at the plea hearing, multiple disputes arose between
____________________________________________
2 See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 901, 2702, 3122.1, 903.
-3-
J-S21036-20
him and his counsel on how to approach the case. Id. Colbert informed his
counsel that he had passed out after the events at the third ATM. Id. Colbert
asserts that his memory was impaired because he had been drinking hard
liquor for a three-day “binge,” and was taking Xanax. Id. at 21. According
to Colbert, “[t]his was not pursued as his defense, and there seemed to be a
huge disconnect between [Colbert] and [c]ounsel as to whether or not he
‘blacked out’ or ‘passed out’ after the third ATM.” Id. at 20.
Colbert further contends that at the plea hearing, “there appeared to be
issues relative to whether or not the plea was voluntary, knowingly and
intelligently entered.” Id. at 20-21. Colbert argues that he was induced to
plead guilty by plea counsel’s threat to withdraw from representation. Id. at
20. Further, Colbert argues that he was taking medications and had smoked
marijuana prior to the plea hearing. Id. at 21. According to Colbert, he
denied placing the victim in the trunk of the vehicle and did not sexually
assault the victim. Id.
Colbert concedes that he assaulted and robbed the victim. Id.
However, he “ardently contends that he passed out after the events at the
third ATM.” Id. However, because he does not remember the subsequent
events, Colbert claims that he could not be guilty of attempted homicide,
aggravated assault, sexual assault, and the related conspiracy charges. Id.
at 21-22.
-4-
J-S21036-20
Initially, we observe that Colbert’s appellate brief includes no citations
to the Notes of Testimony or certified record in support of his claim.
The Rules of Appellate Procedure require that appellants
adequately develop each issue raised with discussion of pertinent
facts and pertinent authority. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119. It is not this
Court’s responsibility to comb through the record seeking the
factual underpinnings of an appellant’s claim. Commonwealth
v. Mulholland, … 702 A.2d 1027, 1034 n.5 (Pa. 1997). Further,
this Court will not become counsel for an appellant and develop
arguments on an appellant’s behalf. Commonwealth v. Gould,
912 A.2d 869, 873 (Pa. Super. 2006)….
Commonwealth v. Samuel, 102 A.3d 1001, 1005 (Pa. Super. 2014).
Notwithstanding, we decline to deem Colbert’s claim waived.
In its Opinion, the PCRA court addressed Colbert’s claim and concluded
that Colbert is not entitled to PCRA relief. See PCRA Court Opinion, 8/27/19,
at 4-9. We agree with the sound reasoning of the PCRA court, as set forth in
its Opinion, and affirm on this basis with regard to Colbert’s claim.3 See id.Order affirmed.
____________________________________________
3 We emphasize the PCRA court’s determination that Colbert’s PCRA Petition
is facially untimely. PCRA Court Opinion, 8/27/19, at 5-6. Notwithstanding,
we agree with the PCRA court determination that, even if Colbert had timely
filed his Petition, he is not entitled to relief. See id. at 6-9.
-5-
J-S21036-20
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/21/2020
-6-
- \
Circulated 06/22/2020 12:41 PM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
CRIMINAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF
PENNSYLVANIA
v.
ISIAH COLBERT,
Petitioner. No. 1487 of2016
OPINION
Linda R. Cordaro, J.
SUMMARY
Before the Court is Isiah Colbert's Petition for Post-Conviction Relief. Petitioner
raises two challenges: Ineffectiveness of Counsel and an Unlawfully Induced Guilty Plea.
After a Hearing on the matter, the Petition is Denied.
BACKGROUND
Petitioner, Isiah Colbert, was charged with multiple criminal counts related to an
incident tha� occurred on February 27, 2016. Guilty Plea Proceedings were held on April
19, 2017, at which time the Commonwealth read into the record what the evidence
would be at trial.
In the early morning hours of February 271 2016, Mr. Colbert and a co-defendant,
Bobbi Jo Mack, were out drinking in Uniontown. The victim was at the same bar as the
two defendants, celebrating her 19th birthday. Between midnight and 1:30 AM, the
victim went to the Frick Tri County Credit Union to withdraw money from an ATM. Mr.
Colbert and Ms. Mack attacked the victim at the ATM. Mr. Colbert hit the victim in her
Page 1 of 9
,·
-- '
I'
face and knocked her to the ground. Ms. Mack then came over and began kicking and
hitting the victim. The defendants took the $250 that the victim had just withdrawn
from the ATM, then had the victim withdraw $100 more from the ATM.
Mr. Colbert and Ms. Mack then took the victim to the vehicle they were using and
put her in the car. The defendants drove to a PNC ATM, where they had the victim
withdraw another $120. The defendants then drove the victim to another PNC ATM,
where they had her withdraw another $20. The defendants then walked the victim back
to the car and put her in the trunk.
Mr. Colbert and Ms. Mack then drove the victim to the Coolspring ballfield in
North Union Township. The defendants then beat the victim, and Mr. Colbert took the
victim into the woods, where her shoes, driver's license, wallet, ATM receipts, and other
personal items were later found. The victim was then left there.
The victim laid there for two hours, severely beaten, wearing only leggings, a t-
shirt, and a sweater, before getting up and walking to_ a house in Jumonville. It was 23
degrees Fahrenheit outside. The homeowners took the victim inside and called 911. The
victim was transported to Ruby Memorial Hospital in Morgantown, West Virginia. She
suffered two subdural hematomas, a traumatic hematoma of her face, and a broken
back. She also had cuts and bruises all over her body.
At the Guilty Plea Proceedings, Mr. Colbert disputed some of the facts asserted by
the Commonwealth-he claimed he did not put the victim in the trunk-but he did not
dispute that the Commonwealth could present evidence and witnesses to testify to those
facts. Mr. Colbert then pleaded guilty to Attempted Homicide, Aggravated Assault,
Kidnapping) Robbery, Criminal Conspiracy, Sexual Assault, Unlawful Restraint, Theft
Page 2 of 9
I •
.
by Unlawful Taking, and Simple Assault.1 On April 26, 2017, Mr. Colbert was sentenced
to a period of incarceration of 27 1/ 2 to 55 years.
On August 7, 2018, Mr. Colbert filed a prose Petition for Post-Conviction Relief.
Attorney Skala was appointed to represent Mr. Colbert and filed an Amended PCRA
Petition on March 25, 2019. A Hearing on the Amended Petition was held on June 24,
2019.2
In his Amended PCRA Petition, Mr. Colbert alleges that his trial counsel was
ineffective and that his guilty plea was unlawfully induced. First, Mr. Colbert claims that
his counsel threatened to withdraw if be did not enter a guilty plea. Second, Mr. Colbert
claims that he often argued with his counsel during their discussions with him. Third,
Mr. Colbert claims that his counsel never reviewed discovery with him.
Before his guilty plea, Mr. Colbert was represented by Attorney Diane Zerega and
Attorney Kim Kovach. Both Attorney Zerega and Attorney Kovach testified at the PCRA
Hearing.a Both testified that they met several times with Mr. Colbert prior to him
entering a guilty plea. They both testified that Mr. Colbert was lucid and understood
their conversations. Both attorneys also testified that, while they had some
disagreements with Mr. Colbert at times, there were never any full-fledged arguments,
and neither threatened to withdraw from the representation if he did not enter a guilty
plea. Further, Attorney Zerega testified that both her and Attorney Kovach went over
I Counts 5, 71 and 9 were nolle prossed. Those charges included Rape by Forcible Compulsion and two
Criminal Conspiracy charges.
2A bearing on the Petition was originally scheduled for June 18, 2019. However, when Petitioner was
brought in for the hearing, he related to the Court that he could not proceed because he had not.been .
given his medication properly the night before, and could therefore not understand the proceedings. This
court rescheduled the hearing to June 24, 2019 and ordered that the Fayette Cou�ty Pris?� follo:w .
Petitioner's medication scheduled as provided by SCI Forest. At the June 24 Hearing, Peti�10ner indicated
that his medication had been provided properly and that he could understand the proceedings.
3 Attorney Kovach was sequestered while Attorney Zerega testified.
Page 3 of 9
-
�-
'
discovery with Mr. Colbert, and that he understood what evidence the Commonwealth
would present if the case went to trial.
DISCUSSION
The Post-Conviction Relief Act provides an avenue for the incarcerated to obtain
post-conviction collateral relief. 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9542. In order to be eligible for relief
under the PCRA, a petitioner must plead and prove the following by a preponderance of
the evidence:
1) That the petitioner has been conv:icted of a crime under the laws of this
Commonwealth and is at the time relief is granted:
i) Currently serving a sentence of imprisonment, probation[,] or parole for
the crime;
ii) Awaiting execution of a sentence of death for the crime; or
iii) Serving a sentence [that] must expire before the person may
commence serving the disputed sentence.
2) That the conviction or sentence resulted from one or more of the following:
ii) Ineffective assistance of counsel which in the circumstances of the
particular case, so undermined the truth-determining process that no
reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.
iii) A plea of guilt unlawfully induced where the circumstances make it
likely that the inducement caused the petitioner to plead guilty and the
petitioner is innocent.
3) That the allegation of error has not been previously litigated or waived.
4) That the failure to litigate the issue prior to or during trial, during unitary
review[,] or on direct appeal could not have been the result of any rational,
strategic[,] or tactical decision by counsel.
Page a of 9
Commonwealth v. Rivers, 786 A2d 923, 925-26 (Pa. 2001) (citing the Post-Conviction
Relief Act, 42 Pa.C.S. §9543(a)(1)-(4)).
Mr. Colbert satisfies the first standard for post-conviction relief in that he is
currently incarcerated. However, this Court questions the timeliness of Mr. Colbert's
Petition for Post-Conviction Relief and whether the allegations of error should be
waived.
A PCRA petition must be filed within one year of the date that the judgment
becomes final. Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 217-18 (Pa. 1999) (citing 42
Pa.C.S.A. §9545(b)(1)). A judgment becomes final "at the conclusion of direct review ...
or at the expiration of time for seeking the review." Id. at 218 (citing 42 Pa.C.S.
§9545(b)(3)). Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 903 requires that a notice of
appeal be filed "within 30 days after the entry of the order from which the appeal is
taken."
Here, Mr. Colbert pleaded guilty on April 19, 2017 and was then sentenced on
April 26, 2017. Mr. Colbert had 30 days to appeal that order, which would have been
May 26, 2017. He did not appeal that order; the judgment therefore became final on
May 26, 2017. Mr. Colbert had one year from that date to file a timely PCRA Petition,
which would have been May .26, 2018. Mr. Colbert did not file a PCRA Petition until
August 7, 2018-more than one year after his judgment of sentence became final.
After Mr. Colbert was sentenced, there were several hearings scheduled to
determine whether he was a sexually violent predator. However, a PCRA "is not
intended to ... provide relief from collateral consequences of a criminal conviction."
Commonwealth v. Price, 876 A.2d 988, 992 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2005) (citing 42 Pa.C.S.A.
Page5of9
-...\
§9542). As such, Mr. Colbert's prose Petition, which was filed on August 7, 2018, was
untimely as it should have been filed on or before May 26, 2018.
However, in the interest of justice, this Court will address Petitioner's PCRA
Petition on its merits.
Mr. Colbert raises an ineffectiveness of counsel claim in his PCRA Petition,4
There is a presumption that counsel provides effective representation, and a petitioner
bears the burden of proving ineffectiveness by a preponderance of the evidence.
Commonwealth u, Paulk, 21 A.3d 1196, 1200 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2011) (citing
Commonwealth v. Ligons, 971 A.2d 1125, 1137 (Pa. 2009)). To prevail on an
ineffectiveness of counsel claim, a petitioner must show: 1) that the underlying claim is
of arguable merit; 2) that the particular course of conduct pursued by counsel did not
have some reasonable basis designed to effectuate the client's interests; and 3) but for
counsel's ineffectiveness, there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of the
proceedings would have been different. Faulk at 1200 (citing Commonwealth v. Ali, 10
A.3d 282> 291 (Pa .. 2010)). A petitioner must satisfy all three elements. Id.Further, "[i]n order to be eligible for relief on a claim alleging ineffective
assistance of counsel, a defendant must establish that counsel[']s representation fell
below accepted standards of advocacy," which resulted in prejudice towards the
defendant. Commonwealth v. Miller, 987 A.2d 638, 649 (Pa. 2009) (citing Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-88 (1984)). Prejudice results when there is a reasonable
4 The Petition also states that Mr. Colbert was unlawfully "induced to plead guilty by Defense Counsel."
See Petition at Paragraphs 44-45. However, "[a]llegations that counsel misadvised a criminal defendant in
the plea process are properly determined under the ineffectiveness of counsel subsection of the PCRAL]
not the section specifically governing guilty pleas." Commonwealth v. Lynch, 820 A.2d 728, 730 n.a (Pa.
Super. Ct. 2003) (citing Commonwealth u, Hickman, 799 A2d 136t 140 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2002)).
Page 6 of 9
-"'
-·
probability that the outcome of a proceeding would have been different but for counsel's
unprofessional errors. Miller at 649 (citing Strickland at 694).
Mr. Colbert first claims that his trial counsel was ineffective and that his guilty
plea was unlawfully induced because his attorneys threatened to withdraw their
representation if he did not enter a guilty plea. In Commonwealth v. Sweeney, 533 A2d
473 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1987), the Superior Court noted that the "desertion of a client is
abhorrent to the spirit of the legal profession" and "may also form the basis of a later
collateral claim of ineffectiveness." Id. at 477. Further, Rule 1.2 of the Pennsylvania
Rules of Professional Conduct states that "a lawyer shall abide by a client's decisions
concerning the objectives of representation .. :' Rule 1.2(a). That Rule also states, "[i]n a
criminal case, the lawyer shal1 abide by the client's decision, after consultation with the
lawyer, as to a plea to be entered ... "Id. However, the Rules of Professional Conduct are
not substantive law, nor does a violation result in an ipso facto meritorious ineffective
assistance of counsel claim. Commonwealth u, Russin, 9 Pa. D. & C. 5th 338, 350
(Lancaster County 2009).
Regardless of whether a threat to withdraw representation for not taking a plea
should be considered ineffectiveness of counsel, both Attorney Zerega and Attorney
Kovach testified separately at the PCRA Hearing on this matter that they did not
threaten to withdraw their representation if Mr. Colbert did not enter a guilty plea. This
Court finds that the testimony of both Attorney Zerega and Attorney Kovach at the
Hearing was credible. As a result, this Court does not find any merit to Mr. Colbert's
claim that his trial counsel threatened to withdraw representation if he did not enter
into a guilty plea.
Page7of9
. .
' .
Mr. Colbert's second claim is that his trial counsel was ineffective because they
argued with him often. Petitioner did not provide this Court with any caselaw that
stands for the proposition that an attorney who argues with a client is ineffective. In
fact, the Rules of Professional Conduct state that, "[i]In representing a client, a lawyer
shall exercise independent professional judgment and render candid advice. In
rendering advice, a lawyer may refer not only to law but to other considerations such as
moral, economic, social[,] and political factors[] that may be relevant to the client's
situation." Pa. Rule of Prof. Conduct 2.1.
Attorney Zerega testified that her conversations with Mr. Colbert sometimes
became argumentative. Attorney Zerega testified at the Hearing that Mr. Colbert "had a
lot ofideas about the law that weren't quite correct." For example, she stated that Mr.
Colbert thought the charges against him should be dropped because he was "blind
drunk" for at least part of the incident. However, by correcting Mr. Colbert in his
mistaken beliefs about the law and advising him accordingly, Attorney Zerega would
have been acting in accordance with the Rules of Professional Conduct by rendering
candid advice to Mr. Colbert.
Attorney Kovach testified that there was a good relationship between Mr. Colbert
and his attorneys. She testified that Mr. Colbert became angry at times because he was
in a bad situation, but that he was always engaged in the discussions regarding his case,
and that there was always civility between them.
This Court finds the testimony of Attorney Zerega and Attorney Kovach to be
credible, and that any disagreements between them and Mr. Colbert did not affect their
representation of him.
Page 8of9
� .
' .
Finally, Mr. Colbert claims that his trial counsel was ineffective because they
never reviewed discovery with him. Both Attorney Zerega and Attorney Kovach testified
at the PCRA Hearing that they provided Mr. Colbert with discovery and reviewed it with
him at the jail. This Court finds the testimony of both Attorney Zerega and Attorney
Kovach to be credible in this respect, and that this claim is therefore without merit.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Mr. Colbert's Petition for Post-Conviction relief is
Denied.
BY THE COURT:
AITEST:
�L)£�-
� ..:;<-.:>W
n·,-:..._
:;J Lt..
._c ..
I
�.#
··-D
.
i
--· '···�-
. lo_:
("lo
-:�
:>-Lu
,::,-., . : ..:: -J
(_.j
. '.t_ C.:,
N
Page c of9