Com. v. Morazzoni, D., Sr. ( 2020 )

J. S33034/19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant :
:
v. : No. 1614 MDA 2018
:
DIEGO HECTOR MORAZZONI, SR. :
Appeal from the Order Entered August 30, 2018,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Lebanon County
Criminal Division at No. CP-38-CR-0001327-2017
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., OTT, J., AND FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED OCTOBER 21, 2020
The Commonwealth appeals from the trial court’s August 30, 2018 order
granting appellee, Diego Hector Morazzoni, Sr.’s motion to vacate its order for
a sexually violent predator (“SVP”) assessment and denying the
Commonwealth’s motion for a hearing to determine appellee’s SVP status.
After careful review, we reverse and remand for proceedings consistent with
this memorandum.1
The trial court summarized the relevant procedural history of this case
as follows:
[Appellee] was charged with two counts of Statutory
Sexual Assault, five counts of Involuntary Deviate
Sexual Intercourse, Sexual Abuse of Children, two
counts of Aggravated Indecent Assault, Corruption of
Minors, Endangering the Welfare of Children, five
1 We note that appellee has not filed a brief in this matter.
J. S33034/19
counts of Indecent Assault and Indecent Exposure[2]
for acts perpetrated upon a minor female victim
between March 2016 and June 2017. On March 6,
2018, he entered a guilty plea to all charges pursuant
to a negotiated plea agreement and sentencing was
scheduled for May 9, 2018. We ordered an
assessment pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9799.24 to
determine whether [appellee] is [an SVP].[3]
[On May 11, 2018, a]fter Dr. Robert Stein of the
Sexual Offender Assessment Board determined that
[appellee] meets the criteria for SVP classification, the
Commonwealth requested a hearing to determine
whether he should be classified as an SVP.
Thereafter, [appellee] filed a motion to vacate the SVP
assessment in which he challenged the
constitutionality of Act 10 of 2018, the new Sexual
Offender Registration and Notification Act[,
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.10-9799.75,] (“SORNA”) and
we directed the parties to file briefs to address this
issue.
Trial court opinion, 8/30/18 at 1-2 (extraneous capitalization omitted).
Following consideration of the parties’ briefs, the trial court entered an
order and opinion on August 30, 2018, granting appellee’s motion to vacate
the SVP assessment and denying the Commonwealth’s motion for a hearing
to determine appellee’s SVP status. Thereafter, on September 26, 2018, the
trial court sentenced appellee in accordance with his plea agreement to an
aggregate term of 7 to 25 years’ imprisonment. That same day, the
Commonwealth filed a timely notice of appeal. On October 3, 2018, the trial
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3122.1(b), 3123(a)(7), 6312(b)(2), 3125(a)(8),
6301(a)(1)(ii), 4304(a)(1), 3126(a)(8), and 3127(a), respectively.
3 The SVP evaluation was not completed by the scheduled sentencing date, so
the matter was continued until June 6, 2018.
-2-
J. S33034/19
court directed the Commonwealth to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal, in accordance with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), within
21 days. The Commonwealth timely complied. On October 19, 2018, the trial
court entered an order in lieu of an opinion, indicating that all of the
Commonwealth’s claims were addressed in the opinion it authored in support
of its August 30, 2018 order.
The Commonwealth raises the following issues for our review:
A. Did the [trial] court commit reversible error
when it found that the current sexual offender
registration laws are punitive in nature?
B. Did the [trial] court commit reversible error
when it granted [appellee’s] request to cancel a
hearing to determine if [appellee] should be
designated [an SVP]?
Commonwealth’s brief at 4.
Both of Commonwealth’s issues present a question of law, and our
standard of review of such matters is de novo and our scope of review is
plenary. See Commonwealth v. Lee, 935 A.2d 865, 876 (Pa. 2007).
On July 19, 2017, our supreme court decided Commonwealth v.
Muniz, 164 A.3d 1189 (Pa. 2017), cert. denied, U.S. , 138 S. Ct. 925(2018), which found SORNA to be punitive in nature and held that the
retroactive application of the registration and reporting requirements therein
-3-
J. S33034/19
violated the ex post facto4 clauses of the United States and Pennsylvania
Constitutions. Id. at 1219-1223. Thereafter, in Commonwealth v. Butler,
173 A.3d 1212 (Pa.Super. 2017), appeal granted, 190 A.3d 581 (Pa. 2018),
a panel of this court concluded that because Muniz held that SORNA’s
registration requirements are punitive and an SVP designation increases the
registration period, trial courts cannot apply SORNA’s increased registration
requirement for SVPs because SORNA does not require a fact-finder to
determine, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant is an SVP. Butler,
173 A.3d at 1217-1128, citing Alleyne v. United States, 570 U.S. 99 (2013).
The Butler court held that the section of SORNA that requires a trial court to
find a defendant to be an SVP by clear and convincing evidence, 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9799.24(e)(3), is unconstitutional. Butler, 173 A.3d at 1218. The Butler
court further noted that trial courts are precluded from designating convicted
defendants as SVPs or holding SVP hearings “until our General Assembly
enacts a constitutional designation mechanism.” Id. The Butler court
4 “The ex post facto prohibition forbids the Congress and the States to enact
any law which imposes a punishment for an act which was not punishable at
the time it was committed; or imposes additional punishment to that then
prescribed.” Commonwealth v. Rose, 127 A.3d 794, 798 (Pa. 2015)
(citations and internal quotation marks omitted), cert. denied, 136 S.Ct.
2379 (2016). We note that in Commonwealth v. Wood, 208 A.3d 131(Pa.Super. 2019) (en banc), an en banc panel of this court held that
“application of SORNA to sexual offenders for offenses committed before its
effective date [in December 2012] violates the ex post facto clauses of the
United States and Pennsylvania Constitution.” Id. at 138. As noted, appellant
committed the offenses between March 2016 and June 2017, and, therefore,
the Wood holding is not relevant to our analysis.
-4-
J. S33034/19
directed trial courts to apply only the applicable tier-based registration period,
as those periods apply based on the conviction itself, and not due to any
additional fact not found, under SORNA’s procedures, by the fact-finder. Id.
In response to Muniz and Butler, the Pennsylvania General Assembly
revised SORNA by passing Acts 10 and 29 of 2018 (also referred to as
“SORNA II”).5 The express purpose of both legislative enactments was to cure
SORNA’s constitutional defects. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.51(b)(4) (stating,
“it is the intention of the General Assembly to address [Muniz and Butler].”).
The new statute divides sex offender registration into two categories,
depending on the date that the underlying offense occurred. Specifically,
through Act 10, as amended in Act 29, the General Assembly created
Subchapter I, which addresses sexual offenders who committed an offense on
or after April 22, 1996, but before SORNA’s effective date, December 20,
2012. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.52. Our General Assembly also modified
Subchapter H’s registration requirements for those offenders convicted of
committing offenses that occurred on or after December 20, 2012. Id. at
§ 9799.11(c). As to a determination of an offender’s SVP status, the “clear
and convincing” standard in Section 9799.24(e)(3) remained unchanged. See
id. at § 9799(e)(3) (stating, “[a]t the hearing prior to sentencing, the court
5 See Act of Feb. 21 2018, P.L. 27, No. 10 (“Act 10”); Act of June 12, 2018,
P.L. 1952, No. 29 (“Act 29”).
-5-
J. S33034/19
shall determine whether the Commonwealth has proved by clear and
convincing evidence that the individual is a sexually violent predator.”).
Recently, on March 26, 2020, our supreme court reversed this court’s
decision in Butler. See Commonwealth v. Butler, 25 WAP 2018, 2020 WL
1466299 (Pa. March 26, 2020). Specifically, our supreme court held that the
registration, notification, and counseling (“RNC”) requirements “applicable to
SVPs do not constitute criminal punishment,” and therefore, SORNA’s
procedural mechanism for designating sex offenders as SVPs set forth in
Section 9799.24(e)(3) does not violate “the principles set forth in Apprendi
or Alleyne[.]” Butler, 2020 WL 1466299, at *16 (citation omitted). In
reaching this conclusion, the Butler court explained:
Although we recognize the RNC requirements impose
affirmative disabilities or restraints upon SVPs, and
those requirements have been historically regarded as
punishment, our conclusions in this regard are not
dispositive on the larger question of whether the
statutory requirements constitute criminal
punishment. This is especially so where the
government in this case is concerned with protecting
the public, through counseling and public notification
rather than deterrent threats, not from those who
have been convicted of certain enumerated crimes,
but instead from those who have been found to be
dangerously mentally ill. Under the circumstances,
and also because we do not find the RNC requirements
to be excessive in light of the heightened public safety
concerns attendant to SVPs, we conclude the RNC
requirements do not constitute criminal punishment.
Id. at *15 (internal citation omitted).
-6-
J. S33034/19
Based upon the foregoing, we conclude that any designation of appellee
as an SVP under Section 9799.24(e)(3) would not have constituted an illegal
sentence, and accordingly, the trial court’s order granting appellee’s motion
to vacate the SVP assessment on this basis and denying the Commonwealth’s
motion for a hearing to determine appellee’s SVP status was improper.
Order reversed. Case remanded for proceedings consistent with this
memorandum. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judge Ott did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/21/2020
-7-