Com. v. Leguessir, R. ( 2020 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
RACHID LEGUESSIR :
:
Appellant : No. 194 EDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 10, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-23-CR-0002785-2010
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., NICHOLS, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.: Filed: November 19, 2020
Appellant Rachid Leguessir appeals pro se from the order dismissing his
first Post Conviction Relief Act1 (PCRA) petition as untimely. On appeal,
Appellant challenges his 2016 guilty plea, alleging a lack of notice of a
previously scheduled trial date and his counsel’s failure to advise him of the
immigration consequences of his plea. We affirm.
The procedural history of this appeal follows. On April 19, 2010,
Appellant was charged in a criminal complaint with disorderly conduct,
possession of a controlled substance, and possession of drug paraphernalia.2
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
218 Pa.C.S. § 5503, 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(16), and 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(32),
respectively.
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On July 6, 2010, the trial court entered an order granting the Commonwealth’s
motion to place Appellant in the accelerated rehabilitative disposition (ARD)
program. According to Appellant, he was subsequently arrested and pled
guilty to possession of a controlled substance in a separate case.3 Appellant’s
Brief at 4 (referring to CP-23-CR-0006049-2010).
On March 22, 2013, the trial court entered an order in the instant case
granting the Commonwealth’s petition to remove Appellant from the ARD
program and to list the case for trial. On June 3, 2013, the trial court issued
a bench warrant for Appellant due to his failure to appear for trial.
On January 14, 2016, Appellant, who was represented by counsel,
entered a negotiated guilty plea to possession of a controlled substance in the
instant case. The trial court sentenced him to twelve months’ probation.4
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3 The public docket for CP-23-CR-0006049-2010 lists the offense date for that
case as July 15, 2010, and states that following his conviction, the trial court
sentenced Appellant to time served to twelve months’ incarceration. Appellant
also states in his brief that the United States Immigration and Customs
Enforcement (ICE) took him into custody in late 2010, but the removal
proceedings against him were cancelled. Appellant’s Brief at 4.
4The written guilty plea colloquy indicates that Appellant placed his initials
next to the following statement:
If I am not a United States citizen, my plea(s) of guilty or nolo
contendere may subject me to MANDATORY DEPORTATION
and other adverse immigration consequences. My attorney has
answered, to my satisfaction, any questions I have had concerning
adverse immigration consequences of this plea. I also
acknowledge that I have had the opportunity to consult an
attorney specializing in immigration-deportation law.
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Appellant did not file a post-sentence motion or a direct appeal. The trial court
rescinded the June 3, 2013 bench warrant for Appellant.
On April 20, 2016, the trial court issued a bench warrant for Appellant
for a violation of his probation. On December 2, 2016, the trial court imposed
a violation of probation (VOP) sentence of twelve months’ probation and
rescinded the April 20, 2016 bench warrant.
The trial court then issued a bench warrant for Appellant for a second
probation violation on October 25, 2017. In a May 31, 2018 letter to the trial
court, Appellant’s probation officer requested that the trial court rescind the
October 25, 2017 bench warrant because the new charges against Appellant
in Lancaster County were nolle prossed. The probation officer also asked that
the trial court close the instant case, because it was “past its maximum date.”
The trial court rescinded the October 25, 2017 bench warrant on May 31,
2018, noting the withdrawal of the Lancaster County charges against
Appellant.
On August 30, 2018, the trial court received Appellant’s pro se letter
asserting that he was currently detained by ICE, requesting information in the
instant case, and asking for “PCRA.” Appellant’s Pro Se Correspondence,
8/26/18, at 1. Appellant also referred to a warrant in this case “which was
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Guilty Plea Statement, 1/14/16, at 2 (unpaginated) (emphasis in original).
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never vacated.” Id. On September 10, 2018, the PCRA court received
Appellant’s pro se PCRA petition challenging his January 14, 2016 guilty plea.
On September 26, 2018, the PCRA court appointed counsel (PCRA
counsel) to represent Appellant. On August 2, 2019, PCRA counsel filed an
application to withdraw and a Turner/Finley5 letter asserting that Appellant’s
petition was not timely filed and did not qualify for a timeliness exception
under the PCRA.6
On August 12, 2019, the PCRA court entered a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice
of its intent to dismiss Appellant’s petition. The PCRA court entered a separate
order that same day granting PCRA counsel’s application to withdraw.
On August 19, 2019, the PCRA court received Appellant’s pro se
“emergency motion for PCRA,” maintaining that he was “never advised about
the immigration consequences [of] doing [his] guilty plea deal.” Emergency
Mot. for PCRA, 8/19/19, at 1 (unpaginated). Appellant further noted that the
probationary period of his VOP sentence ended on December 2, 2017, that
“they actually closed the case[,]” and that he could not “reopen it.” Id. at 2.
Appellant requested that the PCRA court dismiss the underlying conviction or
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5Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth
v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).
6 Appellant filed additional pro se PCRA petitions while represented by PCRA
counsel, as well as a pro se “informal letter request for pertinent information
in regards of my PCRA and diligent lawyer-client communication” dated July
8, 2019.
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“reopen” the instant case. Id. On October 2, 2019, the PCRA court entered
the order dismissing Appellant’s petition.
Although the PCRA court suggests that Appellant timely appealed, see
PCRA Ct. Op., 1/23/20, at 2, the docket reflects that Appellant sent pro se
correspondence requesting “PCRA petition and discovery” on that date. Filings
Information, 1/27/20, at 6. Additionally, the record only contains Appellant’s
pro se letter, dated October 7, 2019, which states: “I am writing to request
any discovery paperwork concerning [the present case] and also my PCRA
petition documents.” Appellant’s Pro Se Correspondence, filed 10/10/19, at 1
(some formatting altered).
On December 10, 2019, Appellant filed an “order to show cause” stating
that he was “informed that [his] appeal was in fact received back on [or] about
. . . October 10, 2019” and requesting information on the appeal.7 Appellant’s
Pro Se Order to Show Cause, 12/10/19, at 1. On December 31, 2019, the
PCRA court entered an order requiring Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
statement. Order, 1/31/19, at 1. Appellant filed a “petition for review of the
order dismissing PCRA petition without hearing” on January 16, 2020.
Therein, Appellant restated his claim that he was not advised of the
immigration consequences of his guilty plea in this instant case.
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7 Although Appellant certified that he mailed his order to show cause on
December 10, 2019, his envelope was not included in the record, and it was
docketed on December 26, 2019. We note that this Court issued a rule to
show cause to why this appeal should not be quashed as untimely filed. This
Court discharged the rule on April 6, 2020, and referred the issue to this panel.
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The PCRA court filed a Rule 1925(a) opinion stating that Appellant timely
appealed its October 2, 2019 order. PCRA Ct. Op. at 2. The PCRA court
concluded that Appellant waived any claims on appeal by filing a defective
Rule 1925(b) statement, but also asserted that it properly dismissed
Appellant’s PCRA petition as untimely. Id. at 4, 7.
Appellant presents the following questions for review:
1. Did the [trial court] fail[ ] not to inform Appellant about a trial
schedule for June 3, 2013, when it revoked his participation in
the ARD program? . . .
2. Did the [trial court] fail[ ] to issue a bench warrant, when the
[c]ourt failed to notify Appellant about the trial scheduled in
June 3, 2013, due to [the fact that] he was under supervisory
release[ ] and he was reachable at the time?
3. Did the [trial court] fail[ ] to inform Appellant about the
immigration consequences of his conviction, during the
hearing?
4. [Whether] counsel’s performance was deficient below an
objective standard of reasonableness [and] prejudiced
Appellant? . . .
Appellant’s Brief at 6-7.
As suggested by his questions, Appellant argues that he is entitled to
relief from his January 14, 2016 guilty plea and judgment of sentence, but
does not respond to the PCRA court’s opinion that his petition was untimely.
See id. at 7-18. The Commonwealth responds, in part, that the PCRA court
properly dismissed Appellant’s petition as untimely. Commonwealth’s Brief at
6.
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We initially consider whether this appeal is properly before this Court.
See Commonwealth v. Baio, 898 A.2d 1095, 1098 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(noting that questions regarding this Court’s jurisdiction may be raised sua
sponte). It is well settled that a party must file a notice of appeal within thirty
days after the entry of the order from which the appeal is taken. Pa.R.A.P.
903(a).
Instantly, the PCRA court entered the order dismissing Appellant’s PCRA
petition on October 2, 2019.8 The docket and record show that Appellant filed
pro se correspondence on October 10, 2019, within thirty days of the order
dismissing Appellant’s petition. However, while Appellant’s October 10, 2019
correspondence requested information regarding his case and a copy of his
PCRA petition, nothing in his correspondence indicated that he intended to
appeal.
Appellant, in a filing to this Court, asserted that he timely filed an appeal
on October 18, 2019, and attached a certified mail receipt stamped October
18, 2019. Appellant’s Pro Se Mot. for Leave to File Motion to Reopen Out of
Time. However, the record does not reflect any filings around that time.
Instead, the record indicates that Appellant next filed his pro se “order
to show cause” on December 10, 2019. Although Appellant asserted that he
was informed that he filed an appeal on October 10, 2019, and requested
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8 The order and the docket indicate that the PCRA court served Appellant with
the order on October 2, 2019. The order also advised Appellant of the need
to file an appeal within thirty days.
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information regarding the appeal, his “order to show cause” was filed after the
thirty-day period to appeal the PCRA court’s October 2, 2019 order. See
Pa.R.A.P. 903(a).
Accordingly, although the PCRA court states that Appellant’s appeal was
timely, see PCRA Ct. Op. at 2, nothing in the record or docket supports that
conclusion. Therefore, it appears that quashal would be appropriate. See
generally Baio, 898 A.2d at 1098-99. Nevertheless, given the PCRA court’s
suggestion that Appellant timely appealed, as well as some indications that
Appellant may have either filed an appeal or received information that
prevented him from pursuing his appeal in a timely manner, we will address
the merits of this case. See generally Commonwealth v. Khalil, 806 A.2d
415, 420 (Pa. Super. 2002).
The following principles govern our review:
Our standard of review regarding a PCRA court’s order is whether
the determination of the PCRA court is supported by the evidence
of record and is free of legal error. The PCRA court’s findings will
not be disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the
certified record.
Commonwealth v. Garcia, 23 A.3d 1059, 1061 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citations
omitted).
It is well settled that “the timeliness of a PCRA petition is a jurisdictional
requisite.” Commonwealth v. Brown, 111 A.3d 171, 175 (Pa. Super. 2015)
(citation omitted). A PCRA petition, “including a second or subsequent
petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes final
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. . . .” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1). A judgment is final “at the conclusion of
direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the
United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of
time for seeking the review.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3).
An untimely PCRA petition may be considered if one of the following
statutory exceptions applies:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation of the
claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
or the Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to
the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise
of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized
by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court
of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and
has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). “The petitioner bears the burden to allege
and prove [that] one of the timeliness exceptions applies.” Garcia, 23 A.3d
at 1062 (citation and quotation marks omitted)
Our Supreme Court has held that a petitioner’s claim that he was not
advised of the immigration consequences of a plea must be brought under the
PCRA. Commonwealth v. Descardes, 136 A.3d 493, 494 (Pa. 2016).
Nonetheless, a petitioner who is no longer serving a sentence is not eligible
for relief under the PCRA. See id. at 497, 503 (noting that under Section
9543(a)(1)(i), “an individual must be ‘currently serving a sentence of
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imprisonment, probation or parole for the crime’ in order to be eligible for
relief”).
Instantly, Appellant’s claims arose from his January 14, 2016 guilty plea
and judgment of sentence. Because Appellant did not file post-sentence
motions or a direct appeal, his sentence became final on February 16, 2016.9
See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1), (3); Pa.R.A.P. 903(c)(3). Therefore, the time
period to file a PCRA petition expired on February 16, 2017, and the instant
petition, filed in September of 2018, was untimely on its face.10 See 42
Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1).
As noted by the PCRA court, Appellant failed to preserve any argument
that an exception to the PCRA time bar applied. See PCRA Ct. Op. at 7.
Moreover, Appellant does not argue any timeliness exception in this appeal.
See Garcia, 23 A.3d at 1062. In any event, Appellant has not established
that he would be eligible for PCRA relief, as it appears that he is no longer
serving a sentence in connection with his January 14, 2016 guilty plea. See
Descardes, 136 A.3d at 503.
In sum, because Appellant failed to raise or establish an exception to
the PCRA time bar or otherwise prove his eligibility for PCRA relief, we
conclude that the PCRA court’s dismissal of Appellant’s PCRA petition was
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9 The thirtieth day after Appellant’s sentencing fell on a Saturday, and the
following Monday was President’s Day. See 1 Pa.C.S. § 1908.
10Even if Appellant’s August 26, 2018 letter requesting information from the
PCRA court was a PCRA petition, it was still facially untimely.
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proper. See id.; Garcia, 23 A.3d at 1062. Accordingly, we affirm. See
Garcia, 23 A.3d at 1061.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/19/20
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