Com. v. Simpson, J. ( 2021 )

J-A29030-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JOHN E. SIMPSON :
:
Appellant : No. 537 MDA 2020
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered July 29, 2016,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-40-CR-0000936-2015.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JOHN E. SIMPSON :
:
Appellant : No. 538 MDA 2020
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered July 29, 2016,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-40-CR-0000942-2015.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JOHN E. SIMPSON :
:
Appellant : No. 539 MDA 2020
J-A29030-20
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered July 29, 2016,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-40-CR-0001643-2016.
BEFORE: DUBOW, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED MARCH 17, 2021
John E. Simpson appeals from the judgments of sentence imposed at
three dockets following the entry of two guilty pleas for robbery (threat of
serious bodily injury), and one guilty plea to possession of a firearm
prohibited.1 Additionally, Simpson’s appellate counsel has filed a petition to
withdraw from representation and an accompanying brief pursuant to Anders
v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744 (1967) (hereinafter the “Anders brief”). We
grant counsel’s petition, and affirm the judgments of sentence.
The trial court summarized the relevant factual and procedural history
as follows:
This matter originally came before the court pursuant to
three criminal informations filed against [Simpson] by the District
Attorney of Luzerne County. [Simpson] signed written plea
agreements with the Commonwealth, and on January 11, 2016,
he appeared before this court to formally enter guilty pleas to one
count of . . .possession of a firearm prohibited (F2) (936 of 2015),
and one count of . . . robbery [(]threat of serious bodily injury)
(F1) (942 of 2015). Thereafter, [Simpson] signed a written plea
agreement with the Commonwealth and appeared before the
court on July 29, 2016, to formally enter a guilty plea to an
additional count of . . . robbery [(]threat of serious bodily injury)
(F1) (1643 of 2016).
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3701(a)(1)(ii), 6105(a)(1).
-2-
J-A29030-20
Following his guilty pleas, [Simpson] was sentenced on July
29, 2016. No post-sentence motions or direct appeal of [his]
sentences were filed. [H]owever, [Simpson successfully] filed a
timely petition pursuant to the Post[] Conviction Relief Act (PCRA),
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546, . . .[and] the court reinstated [his]
right to appeal his July 29, 2016 sentences. . . .
[However], the Superior Court ultimately quashed the
appeal pursuant to Commonwealth v. Walker, 185 A.3d 969(Pa. 2018) because a single notice of appeal had been filed from
a judgment of sentence filed at three docket numbers. . . ..
Thereafter, [Simpson] filed a pro se PCRA petition on
November 27, 2019, and [appellate counsel] was appointed to
represent him. Following a hearing, [Simpson’s] direct appeal
rights were restored yet again, and [counsel timely filed a
separate notice of appeal at each docket, in compliance with
Walker]. On April 21, 2020, however, counsel filed a statement
of intent to submit an Anders/Santiago brief in lieu of a Rule
1925(b) statement, indicating that there were no non-frivolous
issues to raise on appeal.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/10/20, at unnumbered 1-3 (footnotes and unnecessary
capitalization omitted).
The trial court authored an opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).
Counsel filed a petition to withdraw from representation and an Anders brief.
Simpson did not retain independent counsel or file a pro se response to the
Anders brief.
Before we may consider the issues raised in the Anders brief, we must
first consider counsel’s petition to withdraw from representation. See
Commonwealth v. Garang, 9 A.3d 237, 240 (Pa. Super. 2010) (holding
that, when presented with an Anders brief, this Court may not review the
merits of the underlying issues without first passing on the request to
-3-
J-A29030-20
withdraw). Pursuant to Anders, when counsel believes an appeal is frivolous
and wishes to withdraw from representation, counsel must do the following:
(1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that after
making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
determined the appeal would be frivolous; (2) file a brief referring
to any issues that might arguably support the appeal, but which
does not resemble a no-merit letter; and (3) furnish a copy of the
brief to the defendant and advise him of his right to retain new
counsel, proceed pro se, or raise any additional points he deems
worthy of this Court's attention.
Commonwealth v. Edwards, 906 A.2d 1225, 1227 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(citation omitted). In Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa.
2009), our Supreme Court addressed the second requirement of Anders, i.e.,
the contents of an Anders brief, and required that the brief
(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
citations to the record;
(2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
supports the appeal;
(3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and
(4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is
frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record,
controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the
conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Once counsel has satisfied the Anders
requirements, it is then this Court’s responsibility “to conduct a simple review
of the record to ascertain if there appear on its face to be arguably meritorious
issues that counsel, intentionally or not, missed or misstated.”
Commonwealth v. Dempster, 187 A.3d 266, 272 (Pa. Super. 2018).
-4-
J-A29030-20
Here, counsel has complied with each of the requirements of Anders.
Counsel indicated that he conscientiously examined the record and
determined that an appeal would be frivolous. Further, the Anders brief
substantially comports with the requirements set forth by our Supreme Court
in Santiago. Finally, the record includes a copy of the letter that counsel sent
to Simpson stating counsel’s intention to seek permission to withdraw, and
advising Simpson of his immediate right to proceed pro se or retain alternate
counsel and file additional claims. Accordingly, as counsel has complied with
the procedural requirements for withdrawing from representation, we will
conduct an independent review to determine whether Simpson’s appeal is
wholly frivolous.
In the Anders Brief, counsel raises the following issues:
1. The [offense gravity score (“OGS”)] for Mr. Simpson’s robbery
convictions should be 7 instead of 10.
2. The guilty pleas were not knowing, voluntary, and intelligent.
3. Lack of jurisdiction.
4. Mr. Simpson’s sentences were illegal.
Anders Brief at i (unnecessary capitalization omitted).2
____________________________________________
2 We note with disapproval that the Anders brief does not contain a separate
statement of questions involved on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 2111(a)(4), 2116.
Thus, this list of errors was taken from the Table of Contents in the Anders
brief.
-5-
J-A29030-20
The first issue raised in the Anders brief concerns the OGS applied to
Simpson’s convictions for sentencing purposes. A claim that the sentencing
court used an incorrect OGS presents a challenge to the discretionary aspects
of a sentence. See Commonwealth v. Williams, 151 A.3d 621, 625 (Pa.
Super. 2016). When, as in the instant matter, a defendant has pleaded guilty
to the charges in question, we must determine whether the pleas of guilt
prevent him from challenging the discretionary aspects of his sentence.
Generally, a plea of guilt amounts to a waiver of all defects and defenses
except those concerning the jurisdiction of the court, the legality of the
sentence, and the validity of the guilty plea. See Commonwealth v.
Reichle, 589 A.2d 1140, 1141 (Pa. Super. 1991). However, under certain
circumstances, the entry of a guilty plea will not preclude a challenge to the
discretionary aspects of sentencing. Commonwealth v. Dalberto, 648 A.2d
16, 20 (Pa. Super. 1994). “The determination of whether discretionary
aspects of sentencing may be challenged after a guilty plea is entered depends
upon the actual terms of the plea bargain, specifically, to what degree a
sentence agreement has been reached.” Id. at 18. As this Court has
explained:
where a defendant pleads guilty pursuant to a plea agreement
specifying particular penalties, the defendant may not seek a
discretionary appeal relating to those agreed-upon penalties.
Permitting a defendant to petition for such an appeal would
undermine the integrity of the plea negotiation process and could
ultimately deprive the Commonwealth of sentencing particulars
for which it bargained.
-6-
J-A29030-20
Commonwealth v. Brown, 982 A.2d 1017, 1018-19 (Pa. Super. 2009)
(citations omitted).
Here, the record reflects that Simpson entered into a plea agreement
on each of his three cases. The prosecutor initially explained the terms of the
plea agreements entered at cases 942 and 936 of 2015:
There is a sentence agreement that’s been worked out on
these. On case 942 of ‘15, [Simpson] is pleading guilty to Count
1, robbery, OGS of 10, graded as a felony of the first degree,
maximum penalty is 20 years or a $25,000 fine. If [Simpson] has
a prior record score of five or a RFEL, then the agreement is to a
5-to 10-year aggregate sentence for both of these files. If
[Simpson] has a prior record score of 4 or less, the
Commonwealth is seeking a standard range sentence on the
robbery and other charges can run concurrent to that. There’s to
be no contact with CVS Pharmacy. Restitution of $1,310.74. He’s
not to enter CVS and the contraband is to be destroyed at the end
of the appeal period. If there are any other charges they’re
withdrawn and [Simpson is] to pay the cost of prosecution.
The second case is 936 of ‘15 and [Simpson] would be
pleading guilty to Count One, possession of a firearm prohibited,
OGS of 9, it’s a felony of the second degree with a maximum
penalty of 10 years or $25,000 fine. The gun is to be destroyed
at the end of the applicable appeal period. [Simpson] is to pay
the cost of prosecution and any remaining charges are withdrawn.
N.T. (Guilty Plea), 1/11/16, at 2.
Based on our review, we conclude that the terms of the plea agreements
at cases 942 and 936 of 2015 are sufficiently detailed that the trial court was
divested of any meaningful sentencing discretion.3 The plea agreements
____________________________________________
3 While the agreements provide the trial court with the discretion to run the
sentences for robbery and possession of a firearm prohibited either
-7-
J-A29030-20
provide for a sentence of specific duration, dependent only on Simpson’s prior
record score. The plea agreements also mandate restitution and include a no-
contact provision. Further, the plea agreements provide that, in exchange for
the guilty pleas, any remaining charges at both dockets are to be withdrawn.
Most importantly, for purposes of the instant appeals, the plea agreements
provided the OGS applicable to the crimes in question. As Simpson agreed to
an OGS of 10, graded as a felony of the first degree, for the crime of robbery
at case 942 of 2015, and to an OGS of 9, a felony of the second degree, for
possession of a firearm prohibited at case 936 of 2015, he cannot challenge
those aspects of his sentence. See Dalberto, 648 A.2d at 19 (where
appellant and Commonwealth agreed to consecutive sentence for 2 of 8
charges, appellant was permitted to challenge the length of sentence, but not
the consecutive nature of the charges).
At the sentencing hearing, the prosecutor also explained the terms of
the plea agreement at case 1643 of 2016:
On 1643 of 2016, [Simpson] is pleading guilty to count one,
robbery. It’s graded as a felony of the first degree. The maximum
penalty is 20 years or a $25,000 fine. There’s no agreement as
to sentence. He’s to pay the costs of prosecution. Any remaining
charges are withdrawn. He’s to have no contact with any victim
or with the Dollar General store involved. And there is restitution
of $1,000 to Dollar General.
N.T. (Guilty Plea), 7/29/16, at 4.
____________________________________________
consecutively or concurrently, the agreements nevertheless provide the total
aggregate sentence.
-8-
J-A29030-20
Here, in connection with his third guilty plea, Simpson entered an open
plea which did not specify any particular term of sentence or OGS. Although
the plea agreement at case 1643 of 2016 did provide for restitution and the
withdrawal of all remaining charges, Simpson would not be precluded from
challenging penalties upon which the parties did not specifically agree.
However, assuming that Simpson could challenge the OGS applied in case
1643 of 2016, our inquiry does not end here.
A challenge to the discretionary aspects of a sentence is regarded as a
petition for permission to appeal, since the right to pursue such a claim is not
absolute. See Commonwealth v. Treadway, 104 A.3d 597, 599 (Pa. Super.
2014). Before this Court may review the merits of a challenge to the
discretionary aspects of a sentence:
we conduct a four part analysis to determine: (1) whether
appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 902
and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved at
sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify sentence, see
Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal defect,
Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a substantial question
that the sentence appealed from is not appropriate under the
Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9781(b).
Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citation
omitted).
We initially observe that, despite the timely filing of a notice of appeal,
the Anders brief is defective in that it does not contain a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f)
-9-
J-A29030-20
statement.4 However, even overlooking this deficiency, it does not appear
that Simpson preserved his discretionary sentencing issue at sentencing or in
a post-sentence motion. Consequently, Simpson failed to preserve his first
issue for our review. See Commonwealth v. Cox, 231 A.3d 1011, 1016-17
(Pa. Super. 2020) (noting that the mere filing of an Anders brief and petition
to withdraw will not serve to resuscitate claims that were already waived upon
the filing of the notice of appeal); see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (providing the
general rule that “[i]ssues not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot
be raised for the first time on appeal”).
The second issue raised in the Anders brief concerns the validity of
Simpson’s guilty pleas and whether they were entered knowingly, voluntarily,
and intelligently. A defendant wishing to challenge the voluntariness of a
guilty plea on direct appeal must either object during the plea colloquy or file
a motion to withdraw the plea within ten days of sentencing. See Pa.R.Crim.P.
720(A)(1), (B)(1)(a)(i). Failure to employ either measure results in waiver.
See Commonwealth v. Lincoln, 72 A.3d 606, 609-10 (Pa. Super. 2013).
Pennsylvania courts adhere to this waiver principle because it allows the court
____________________________________________
4 This Court may nevertheless overlook certain procedural deficiencies in
appellate court filings to ensure that counsel has not overlooked non-frivolous
issues. See Commonwealth v. Lilley, 978 A.2d 995, 998 (Pa. Super. 2009)
(addressing appellant’s discretionary sentencing claim despite counsel’s
failure to include a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement in his Anders brief).
- 10 -
J-A29030-20
which accepted the plea to consider and correct, in the first instance, any error
which may have been committed. Id.Here, Simpson did not preserve his challenge to the validity of his guilty
pleas during the plea colloquies, or in a timely motion to withdraw the pleas.
Consequently, Simpson also failed to preserve this issue for our review. See
Lincoln, 72 A.3d at 609-10; see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a).
The third issue raised in the Anders brief concerns the jurisdiction of
the trial court. As noted above, the entry of a guilty plea does not preclude
the defendant from later challenging the court’s jurisdiction. See Reichle,
589 A.2d at 1141. In addressing this issue, we adhere to the following
principles:
Subject matter jurisdiction speaks to the competency of a
court to hear and adjudicate the type of controversy presented.
Jurisdiction is purely a question of law; the appellate standard of
review is de novo and the scope of review is plenary.
Controversies stemming from violations of the Crimes Code are
entrusted to the original jurisdiction of the courts of common pleas
for resolution. All jurists within that tier of the unified judicial
system are competent to hear and resolve a matter arising out of
the Crimes Code.
Commonwealth v. Elia, 83 A.3d 254, 265 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citations
omitted).
Counsel concludes that a claim that the Luzerne County Court of
Common Pleas lacked jurisdiction would be frivolous on appeal because the
crimes to which Simpson pled guilty occurred in Luzerne County.
- 11 -
J-A29030-20
Our Supreme Court has held unequivocally that “all courts of common
pleas have statewide subject matter jurisdiction in all cases arising under the
Crimes Code.” See Commonwealth v. Bethea, 828 A.2d 1066, 1074 (Pa.
2003). As Simpson was charged in each of the three cases at issue with
various offenses under the Crimes Code, the Court of Common Pleas of
Luzerne County had subject matter jurisdiction to hear and adjudicate each of
those cases.5 Thus, any challenge to the subject matter jurisdiction of the
trial court would be frivolous.
The fourth issue raised in the Anders brief concerns the legality of
Simpson’s sentences. Issues relating to the legality of a sentence are
reviewed de novo, and our scope of review is plenary. Commonwealth v.
Infante, 63 A.3d 358, 363 (Pa. Super. 2013). Like jurisdiction, a challenge
to the legality of sentence may be raised at any time. See Commonwealth
v. Berry, 877 A.2d 479, 482 (Pa. Super. 2005) (holding that a challenge to
the legality of a sentence is never waived so long as a court has jurisdiction
to address the claim). Additionally, as explained previously, the entry of a
guilty plea does not preclude the defendant from later challenging the legality
____________________________________________
5 We note that counsel appears to conflate subject matter jurisdiction and
venue. As explained above, subject matter jurisdiction references the court’s
power to adjudicate. Bethea, 828 A.2d 1074. Venue, on the other hand,
addresses the convenience of the locality. Id. Venue in a criminal action
properly belongs in the place where the crime occurred. Id. Thus, venue
was proper in Luzerne County because Simpson’s crimes occurred in that
county.
- 12 -
J-A29030-20
of his sentence. See Reichle, 589 A.2d at 1141. Thus, we may address
Simpson’s challenge to the legality of his sentence.
Counsel concludes that a claim that Simpson’s sentence was illegal
would be frivolous because the trial court imposed standard range sentences
after it reviewed the PSI. We agree.
Based on our review, we conclude that Simpson received a legal
sentence in each of his cases. At case 942 of 2015, the trial court imposed a
standard range sentence of four to eight years in prison for the robbery
conviction. At case 1643 of 2016, the trial court imposed a standard range
sentence of four to eight years in prison for the second robbery conviction,
and ordered that sentence to run consecutively to the sentence imposed at
case 942 of 2015. At case 936 of 2015, the trial court imposed a standard
range sentence of three to six years in prison for the possession of firearm
prohibited conviction, and ordered that sentence to run concurrently to the
sentences imposed at cases 942 of 2015 and 1643 of 2016. See Trial Court
Opinion, 7/10/20, at unnumbered 3 (noting that “the [c]ourt sentenced
[Simpson] with the benefit of a Pre-Sentence Investigation Report, and
imposed sentences that fall within the applicable standard sentencing
guideline ranges”). Thus, we agree with counsel that any challenge to the
legality of his sentences would be frivolous.
Finally, as required by Anders, we have independently reviewed the
record in order to determine whether there are any non-frivolous issues
- 13 -
J-A29030-20
present in this case. Our independent review of the record discloses no other
non-frivolous issues that Simpson could raise that counsel overlooked. See
Dempster, supra.
Having concluded that there are no meritorious issues, we grant Anders
counsel’s petition to withdraw, and affirm the judgments of sentence.
Petition to withdraw as counsel granted. Judgments of sentence
affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 03/17/2021
- 14 -