Com. v. Martinez, O. ( 2021 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
OSCAR MARTINEZ :
:
Appellant : No. 885 EDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 4, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0008142-2010
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
OSCAR MARTINEZ :
:
Appellant : No. 886 EDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 4, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0008143-2010
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., McCAFFERY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY McCAFFERY, J.: FILED: MARCH 22, 2021
Oscar Martinez (Appellant) appeals from dismissal of his petition
brought under the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA)1 in the Court of Common
Pleas of Philadelphia. Appellant raises certain complaints sounding in alleged
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
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ineffective assistance of trial and appellate counsel, as detailed herein.
Appointed counsel has filed a letter of no merit and motion to withdraw,
consistent with Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc). We
affirm, and grant counsel’s application to withdraw.
The trial court summarized the facts as follows when this matter was on
direct appeal:
The Commonwealth began its case by submitting a written
stipulation concerning police and medical records and then called
its first witness, the complainant at [docket CP-51-CR-0008143,
J.O.], age fourteen at the time of trial, who testified as follows:
[J.O.] identified [Appellant] as her grandmother’s husband whom
she had known longer than she could remember and with whom
she had a grandfather-granddaughter relationship. She would see
him often at her grandmother’s house and her home in
Philadelphia where she lived with her stepfather, mother and
sister. Her mother worked at a store down the block from their
home and her stepfather worked in security on the first floor of
their building. There were often times when [Appellant] would
come visit her when she was alone while her parents were at work
and her sister would cook and take dinner to them when they were
on their . . . breaks. On one such occasion, three years prior to
trial when [J.O.] was eleven, [Appellant] said to her that they were
going to play a game. Thinking he meant a board game, she went
into her room to get one and he followed her, closed the door and
said they were going to play a different type of game. He put her
on the floor, took off her clothes and engaged her in intercourse.
After that, her back started to hurt and she experienced a certain
type of odor coming from her vagina. She told her mother about
those complaints[, and her mother] took [J.O.] to a regular doctor
who conducted a urine test and said it was just a urinary tract
infection. About a year or so later, after her family had moved to
New Jersey and [J.O.] was still experiencing the odor, [J.O.’s]
mother took her and her sister, [S.O.], to a hospital in New Jersey
where [J.O.] was given another urine test and an OB/GYN exam
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and was told she had a “[STI] called trich” (a [Sexually
Transmitted Infection], Trichomoniasis, often called “trich”), for
which she was given antibiotics. [J.O.] then told the doctor, who
told [J.O.’s] mother, about the incident with [Appellant].
On cross-examination, [J.O.] said she didn’t tell anyone about the
incident because she was scared and didn’t know if anyone would
believe her because she was only 11 and [Appellant] was a grown
man. After cross-examination, the Commonwealth entered into
evidence by stipulation the medical records [of J.O.] from “Atlantic
Care,” the hospital to which she referred, and then called [J.O.’s]
sister, the complainant at [docket CP-51-CR-0008142, S.O.], age
eighteen at [the] time of trial.
[S.O.] also identified [Appellant] as her grandmother’s husband
whom she had known longer than she could remember and with
whom she had a grandfather-granddaughter relationship.
Whenever her parents were working[,] she and her sister would
take turns bringing them dinner, which would take about twenty-
five to thirty minutes, and [Appellant] would come visit them
about twice a week. One time, when she was about eleven or
twelve and her sister took her stepfather dinner, [Appellant] told
[S.O.] to go into her bedroom, walked in behind her, closed the
door, told her not to say anything, took off her clothes and his
pants and had intercourse with her. When asked whether this
happened more than once, [S.O.] said [Appellant] would come
over at least twice a week and it would happen every time,
continuing from the time she was eleven, the last time when she
was a freshman in high school in 2008-2009. It happened twice
while she and [Appellant] were watching television in her
grandmother’s bedroom at her [grandmother’s] and [Appellant’s]
house, where she and her sister also had bedrooms, always when
they were alone. In May of 2010, [S.O.] went to the hospital in
New Jersey with her mother and her sister due to her having back
and cramping pains and told the doctor there about the incidents
with [Appellant] and also informed her mother.
On cross-examination, defense counsel had [S.O.] agree that they
found nothing wrong with her at the hospital,[3] and, in Family
Court, [S.O.] testified that [Appellant] had intercourse with her
three times a week from when she was eleven [until] when she
was fifteen, which came to 627 times, but, previous to that had
told the police that it only happened twelve times, which [S.O.]
attributed to increasing memories over time, and to her perceived
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differences between the exact questions that the police and the
prosecutor had asked her; counsel also noted that, while
[Appellant] was a much larger person than [S.O.] and [S.O.]
described him as having laid right on top of her with his arms on
the floor, he did not crush her. After redirect and re-cross, the
prosecutor entered the following into evidence by stipulation:
Cindy Delgado would testify [t]hat she’s a pediatrician
who works at a Child Abuse Research Education and
Service Institute, also known as CARES . . . [and t]hat
on June 24th of 2010, she examined [S.O.] for a
diagnosis and treatment of any residual findings of
sexual abuse[.]
[T]hat [S.O.] arrived at CARES with her mother,
father and sister, [J.O.]
Prior to the examination, Dr. Delgado spoke with
[S.O., who] told the doctor that she never had
consensual sex and does not have a boyfriend. She
also never had vaginal discharge, odor or bleeding or
a history of accidental genital trauma. [S.O.] further
stated that she was almost 12 years old when
[Appellant] began abusing her. [S.O.] said that she
thought it was not right when he started touching
her[.] [S.O.] said [Appellant] touched her at her
grandmother’s house and that he took off [her]
clothes, laid [her] on the ground, climbed on top of
[her], spread [her] legs and put his penis in [her]
vagina. When he was finished, [S.O.] went into the
bathroom and peed, it hurt and blood was in the toilet.
[Appellant], she said, told her she could not tell
anybody because nobody would believe her. [S.O.]
told Dr. Delgado that it happened a couple of times
between the ages of 11 and 15. [S.O.] also said that
two years ago it happened at her stepfather’s [home].
* * *
The prosecutor then called [Victims’] mother, [C.S.], who
confirmed everything in which her daughters described her being
involved, including the visit to the hospital in Atlantic City [in May
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2010] where a doctor there told her that [J.O.] had an infection
that was transmitted by sex, for which they treated her and, after
some follow-up care, was completely cleared up. On cross-
examination, [defense] counsel took great pains pointing out that,
at the hospital, she was given discharge instructions which said to
call in three days for lab results but she had said that she and her
daughters received the test results that same day. [C.S.] replied
that she did not recall those instructions, reiterated her
recollection of getting the results at the hospital, and pointed out
that they (probably meaning only [J.O.]) also were prescribed
their antibiotics that same day. The prosecutor moved the state’s
exhibits into evidence, C-1 being the Atlantic City hospital records
for [J.O.], C-2 the [Dr.] Delgado stipulation and C-3[,] a medical
report that went with the latter, and rested.
The defense called [M.S.P.], who characterized herself as
[Appellant’s] lover, was sexually active with him from 2006 up
until 2009, would frequently get tested for STDs, including trich,
the last time having been June 30, 2010, and never tested
positive. Defense counsel submitted by stipulation[:] “That there
were three character witnesses [who would testify] that
[Appellant] is a person of good character of peacefulness,
honesty, law-abiding.” . . . The defense then moved into evidence
D-2, the hospital records which the prosecutor had moved in as
C-1, but which included the discharge instructions about which he
had questioned [Victims’] mother containing the recommendation
of a follow-up call that were not included with the latter, to which
there was no objection, and D-3, which counsel characterized as
[several learned treatises on trich and the follow-up tests
associated with diagnosis of trich, which the court admitted over
the Commonwealth’s objection].
The defense then rested, and, after announcing its verdict, the
court explained[:] The existence or nonexistence of the sexually
transmitted disease is not a dispositive factor in this case. The
primary factor as in all sexual assault cases has to do with the
[c]ourt’s analysis of credibility of the Commonwealth witnesses
which [the court] found not to be wanting. The verdict would have
been the same even if there [were] no scientific evidence.
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(Trial Ct. Op., 7/29/16, at 2-6) (internal citations and footnote omitted).
Following a bench trial, the trial court convicted Appellant of two counts each
of rape and corruption of minors.2
There was no timely direct appeal, but Appellant filed an initial PCRA
petition successfully seeking reinstatement nunc pro tunc of his appellate
rights. This Court heard his appeal and affirmed his conviction on May 24,
2017, and Appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal with our Supreme Court
was denied on December 20, 2017.3 He filed the present petition under the
PCRA, which we treat as an initial petition, on July 3, 2018.4 On March 4,
2020, the trial court dismissed his petition without a hearing, having complied
with the procedures outlined in Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. On March 11, 2020,
Appellant filed distinct notices of appeal in each matter captioned here; this
Court consolidated these appeals sua sponte on June 4, 2020.
Appellant’s appointed PCRA counsel (PCRA Counsel) indicated in his
filing responding to the trial court’s order per Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) that he
intended to file a letter of no merit, but that Appellant wished to raise the
following issues on appeal:
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2 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3121(a)(1); 6301(a)(1)(i), respectively.
3See Commonwealth v. Martinez, 1735 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. 2017);
Commonwealth v. Martinez, 258 EAL 2017 (Pa. Dec. 20, 2017).
4Because Appellant filed his petition within a year of his judgment of sentence
becoming final, it is timely; see 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1) and (3).
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1. [The trial court] committed an abuse of discretion by denying
Appellant an evidentiary hearing and post-conviction collateral
relief on his claim asserting that trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to call Carmen Pacheco and Javier Negron as fact witnesses
at trial.
2. [The trial court] committed an abuse of discretion by denying
Appellant an evidentiary hearing and post-conviction collateral
relief on his claim alleging that trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to call character witnesses during Appellant’s trial.
Matters Complained of on Appeal, 6/24/20, at 1 (unpaginated); see also
Finley Letter, 7/14/20, at 6, 9. Appellant has not filed a response to counsel’s
Finley Letter with this Court.
“In PCRA proceedings, an appellate court's scope of review is limited by
the PCRA's parameters; since most PCRA appeals involve mixed questions of
fact and law, the standard of review is whether the PCRA court's findings are
supported by the record and free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Pitts,
981 A.2d 875, 878 (Pa. 2009) (citation omitted). “It is well-settled that a
PCRA court's credibility determinations are binding upon an appellate court so
long as they are supported by the record.” Commonwealth v. Robinson,
82 A.3d 998, 1013 (Pa. 2013) (citation omitted). However, this Court reviews
the PCRA court's legal conclusions de novo. Commonwealth v. Rigg, 84
A.3d 1080, 1084 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation omitted).
PCRA petitioners have a general rule-based right to the assistance of
counsel for their first PCRA petition. Pa.R.Crim.P. 904(C); accord
Commonwealth v. Robinson, 970 A.2d 455, 457 (Pa. Super. 2009) (en
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banc) (“a criminal defendant has a right to representation of counsel for
purposes of litigating a first PCRA petition through the entire appellate
process[ ]”). “The indigent petitioner's right to counsel must be honored
regardless of the merits of his underlying claims, even where those claims
were previously addressed on direct appeal, so long as the petition in question
is his first.” Commonwealth v. Powell, 781 A.2d 1017, 1019 (Pa. Super.
2001) (citation omitted). “Moreover, once counsel is appointed, he [or she]
must take affirmative steps to discharge his [or her] duties.” Id.Our system of collateral review allows for appointed counsel, caught
between their duty to the appointed client and their duty to abstain from
pursuing frivolous claims, to untie this Gordian knot by adhering to the
dictates of Turner and Finley, thereby providing the courts with an analysis
of an appellant’s claims and any other issues apparent from the record, and
with the assurance that counsel’s comprehensive review of the matter
(including review of the complete record and of trial preparation, trial, and the
direct appeal) has unearthed no further issues. See Commonwealth v.
Doty, 48 A.3d 451, 454 (Pa. Super. 2012) (a Turner/Finley letter must
outline the nature and extent of counsel’s diligent review of the case, list the
issues upon which petitioner seeks review, and explain why those issues lack
merit).
We find that PCRA Counsel has complied with the requirements of
Turner/Finley. PCRA Counsel notes that he reviewed the issues raised in
Appellant’s filings and the entire record. Finley Letter at 4. PCRA Counsel
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also analyzes the issues upon which Appellant seeks review, explaining their
lack of merit with reference to the relevant facts and applicable law. Id. at 6-
9, 9-16. We agree with PCRA Counsel’s analysis, as detailed infra.
1. PROPOSED FACT WITNESSES
Appellant asserted that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to call as
fact witnesses Carmen Pacheco and Javier Negron. Finley Letter at 6. The
proposed testimony would allegedly have established that Appellant’s stepson,
Negron, never saw Appellant alone with the victims, and would have testified
as to his understanding of Appellant’s work schedule (which would supposedly
show that the victims’ claims, being incompatible with that schedule, must be
cast into doubt). Id. at 6-7. Appellant’s spouse, Pacheco, would allegedly
have testified that Appellant was “always” with her or at work, and that she
simply does not believe Appellant to have committed these crimes. Id. at 6.
The trial court analyzes this claim as follows: “According to [Appellant,]
he was prejudiced because the two witnesses would have testified to [his]
good character, his work schedule, and the fact that he was not with or around
the victims during the alleged times of abuse.” Trial Ct. Op., 6/30/20, at 4.
However, the trial court concludes that Appellant could not have been
prejudiced by the absence of the proposed testimony, because the proposed
witnesses, Appellant’s spouse and stepson, would have been impeached for
bias. Id. at 5. Further, the proposed testimony, to the extent that its purpose
was to establish the impossibility of the alleged crimes because of different
recollections of Appellant’s schedule, could not have effectively countered the
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testimony put forth by the Commonwealth, as the testimony of the child
victims understandably did not include exact dates and times; thus, the
proposed testimony that Appellant “was not at the scene of the crime on many
occasions is benign, inexact, and carries no evidentiary weight.” Id. at 6.
“To establish trial counsel’s ineffectiveness, a petitioner must
demonstrate: (1) the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2) counsel had no
reasonable basis for the course of action or inaction chosen; and (3) counsel's
action or inaction prejudiced the petitioner.” Commonwealth v. Freeland,
106 A.3d 768, 775 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citing Strickland v. Washington,
466 U.S. 668 (1984); Commonwealth v. Pierce, 527 A.2d 973 (Pa. 1987)).
Petitioners must show by a preponderance that their conviction or sentence
resulted from ineffective assistance that, in the case’s particular
circumstances, so undermined the truth-finding function that no reliable
adjudication of guilt or innocence was possible. Id. We begin by presuming
that counsel is effective, and that not every error by counsel can or will result
in a violation of a petitioner's Sixth Amendment right to counsel.
Commonwealth v. Gribble, 863 A.2d 455, 472 (Pa. 2004).
Where an ineffectiveness claim hinges on the proposed testimony of
witnesses who went uncalled at trial, petitioners must establish that the
proposed witnesses were available and willing to testify, that counsel knew or
should have known of the proposed witnesses, and that the absence of the
proposed testimony so prejudiced the petitioner that they were denied a fair
trial. Commonwealth v. Reid, 99 A.3d 427, 438 (Pa. 2014).
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Here, the trial court and PCRA Counsel agree that the proposed
testimony would not have altered the outcome of Appellant’s trial. Trial Ct.
Op. at 6; Finley Letter at 8.5 We agree with these independent analyses, as
the proposed testimony lacks specifics, and even if it was specific enough to
carry some value, the complaints of the child witnesses are not so easily
capable of rebuttal because they did not testify to a series of specific dates
and times upon which the abuse occurred (of course, such fuzziness is to be
expected from witnesses recounting childhood events). Further, we note that
at trial, a stipulation was entered that three character witnesses would testify
to Appellant’s peaceful, honest, and law-abiding reputation. N.T. Trial,
5/11/12, at 103. To the extent that Appellant’s spouse would testify that she
does not believe him guilty, this testimony potentially strays into character,
rather than fact, testimony. Thus Appellant could not have been prejudiced
by its absence as the Commonwealth and trial court both accepted the
character stipulation at face value. See id. Appellant has not established
that he is entitled to a hearing on this claim; thus, it was properly dismissed.
2. FAILURE TO CALL CHARACTER WITNESSES
PCRA Counsel notes that Appellant’s claim as to ineffectiveness for
failure to call character witnesses is inadequately pled, as Appellant failed to
provide essential data, certificates, or affidavits, by which the alleged value of
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5 PCRA Counsel (who, we note, was appointed for this appeal but was not
Appellant’s counsel during PCRA proceedings below) also notes that Appellant
failed to plead that Pacheco and Negron were available and willing to testify
at trial. Finley Letter at 7.
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the proposed testimony might be weighed. Finley Letter at 9. PCRA Counsel
also notes the stipulation to character testimony we reference supra, and
concludes that the proposed testimony would, at best, have been merely
cumulative. Id. at 10. We are constrained to agree, as we cannot see how
cumulative character testimony would have altered Appellant’s situation (and
it is also unclear whether Appellant understands what proposed testimony
supported the stipulation at trial; thus Appellant may be basing this claim on
proposed testimony that was actually included in the stipulation). This claim
fails.
3. REMAINING CLAIMS
PCRA Counsel also analyzes two claims that were not included in
amended filings below but that were raised at some point prior by Appellant.
Finley Letter at 11-16. Appellant apparently argued that trial counsel should
not have stipulated to the testimony of Dr Cindy Delgado, as she was not
properly certified as an expert and her report contains inadmissible hearsay.
Id. at 11-12. Appellant also argued that trial counsel was ineffective for
advising him to proceed via bench trial rather than asserting his right to a trial
by jury. Id. at 12. These issues were not raised in Appellant’s amended
petitions below. Id.
PCRA Counsel also observes that the trial court specified that its guilty
verdict was predicated on credibility determinations and would have been the
same without any scientific evidence. N.T. Trial, 5/11/12, at 104. The trial
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court made this statement as it announced the verdict, and not in response to
Appellant’s after-the-fact arguments; thus, it carries especial weight.
Further, Appellant was given a thorough on-the-record colloquy as to
his right to a trial by jury. Finley Letter at 15; N.T. Trial, 5/11/12, at 6-13.
PCRA petitioners “may not obtain post-conviction relief by claiming that [they]
lied” during waiver colloquies. Commonwealth v. Bishop, 645 A.2d 274,
277 (Pa. Super. 1994) (citations omitted). This claim necessarily fails.
Order affirmed. Counsel permitted to withdraw.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/22/21
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