Com. v. Johnson, M. ( 2021 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
MICHAEL ROLAND JOHNSON :
:
Appellant : No. 919 WDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered August 5, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County Criminal Division at No(s):
CP-25-CR-0001370-2018
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., DUBOW, J., and KING, J.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED: April 13, 2021
Appellant, Michael Roland Johnson, appeals from the order entered on
August 5, 2020, denying his second petition filed pursuant to the Post
Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541–9546. In addition,
Appellant’s counsel has filed a petition to withdraw. After review, we grant
counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm the order of the PCRA court.
A prior panel of our Court summarized the factual background in this
matter as follows:
On July 10, 2017, [Appellant] was charged with recklessly
endangering another person, firearms not to be carried without a
license, and possessing instruments of crime, related to the
discharge of a gun inside of a bar in Erie, Pennsylvania.1
[Appellant] filed a pre-trial Motion to suppress, challenging the
photo array used to identify [Appellant] as the suspect. On
February 4, 2019, following a jury trial, [Appellant] was convicted
of the above-described charges. The trial court sentenced
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[Appellant] to an aggregate term of 42 to 84 months in prison and
3 years of probation. [Appellant] did not file a direct appeal.[1]
1 See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2705, 6106(a)(1), 907(b).
On April 3, 2019, [Appellant] filed the instant, pro se, PCRA
Petition. The PCRA court appointed [Appellant] counsel,
[William Hathaway, Esquire,] who filed an Amended PCRA
Petition. On August 12, 2019, the trial court denied [Appellant’s
PCRA] Petition without a hearing.2 [Appellant] filed a timely Notice
of Appeal and a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Concise
Statement of errors complained of on appeal.
2 We note that the PCRA court did not provide notice
to [Appellant] of its intent to dismiss his Petition
without a hearing, as required by Pa.R.Crim.P. 907.
However, because the PCRA court ordered the
appointment of counsel, the filing of an amended
petition, and the briefing of the legal issues presented,
the PCRA court did not violate Rule 907 by summarily
dismissing the PCRA Petition without notice. See
Commonwealth v. Albrecht, 720 A.2d 693, 709-10
(Pa. 1998) (stating that where counsel was appointed,
and was provided the opportunity to file an amended
petition and a brief of the legal issues presented, the
PCRA court did not violate Pa.R.Crim.P. 1507(a),
predecessor to Rule 907, by dismissing the
petitioner’s PCRA petition without notice).
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 237 A.3d 428, 1392 WDA 2019 (Pa. Super.
filed May 1, 2020) (non-precedential decision at *1–2). After review, we
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1 Apparently, court-appointed trial counsel, Stephen Lagner, Esquire, filed a
timely post-sentence motion on February 14, 2019, and privately retained
counsel, Eric Hackwelder, Esquire, filed a post-sentence motion nunc pro tunc
the following day. N.T. (PCRA), 8/3/20, at 18–19. Thereafter,
Attorney Lagner withdrew. Id. at 5. Post-sentence motions were denied
February 26, 2019.
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affirmed the order denying Appellant’s first PCRA petition. Id. at *4.
Appellant did not seek allowance of appeal in our Supreme Court.
On May 26, 2020, Appellant filed his second PCRA petition, which
underlies the current appeal. In the petition, Appellant asserted that prior
PCRA counsel, William Hathaway, Esquire, was ineffective. On June 29, 2020,
the PCRA court removed Attorney Hathaway and appointed current counsel,
Keith Clelland, Esquire, to represent Appellant. On August 3, 2020, the PCRA
court held a hearing on Appellant’s second PCRA petition, at which only
Appellant and trial counsel testified. N.T., 8/3/20, at 9–55. The PCRA court
denied the instant petition in an order filed on August 5, 2020. This timely
appeal followed.
The PCRA court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Order, 9/8/20. On
September 15, 2020, Appellant field a counseled Rule 1925(b) statement, in
which counsel concluded there were no meritorious issues. That same day,
the PCRA court directed counsel to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(4) statement.
Order, 9/15/20. Counsel filed the statement, concluding that there were no
meritorious issues, and he stated his intention to file a brief pursuant to
Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(4) Statement
10/2/20.2 The PCRA court filed an order pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a),
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2 See discussion infra.
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explaining that the reasons for its denial of Appellant’s second PCRA petition
were set forth in its August 5, 2020 order. Order, 10/8/20.
On November 23, 2020, Appellant’s counsel filed in this Court an
Anders brief and petition to withdraw. We denied the petition because the
brief failed to meet the requirements for counsel to withdraw. Order,
11/25/20. Appellant’s Anders brief was stricken. Id. On December 11,
2020, Appellant’s counsel filed a second Anders brief in our Court, and on
December 14, 2020, counsel filed a petition to withdraw. Appellant has not
filed a response.
We first point out that counsel erroneously attempts to withdraw
pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), which applies when
counsel seeks to withdraw from representation on direct appeal. When, as
here, counsel seeks to withdraw from representation on collateral appeal, the
requirements set forth in Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa.
1988), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en
banc), are applicable. Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 931 A.2d 717, 721 (Pa.
Super. 2007) (counsel petitioning to withdraw from PCRA representation must
proceed not under Anders, but under Turner and Finley). However, because
an Anders brief provides greater protection to a defendant, this Court may
accept an Anders brief in lieu of a Turner/Finley “no merit” letter.
Commonwealth v. Reed, 107 A.3d 137, 139 n.5 (Pa. Super. 2014).
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Accordingly, we proceed with our discussion and will refer to the brief as a
Turner/Finley letter.
Before we reach the merits of the appeal, we must address counsel’s
petition to withdraw as counsel. Commonwealth v. Daniels, 947 A.2d 795,
797 (Pa. Super. 2008). When counsel seeks to withdraw representation in a
collateral appeal, the following conditions must be met:
Counsel petitioning to withdraw from PCRA representation
must proceed ... under Turner, supra and Finley, supra and ...
must review the case zealously. Turner/Finley counsel must
then submit a “no-merit” letter to the trial court, or brief on appeal
to this Court, detailing the nature and extent of counsel’s diligent
review of the case, listing the issues which petitioner wants to
have reviewed, explaining why and how those issues lack merit,
and requesting permission to withdraw.
Counsel must also send to the petitioner: (1) a copy of the
“no merit” letter/brief; (2) a copy of counsel’s petition to
withdraw; and (3) a statement advising petitioner of the right to
proceed pro se or by new counsel.
* * *
[W]here counsel submits a petition and no-merit letter that
... satisfy the technical demands of Turner/Finley, the [court in
which the application was filed] must then conduct its own review
of the merits of the case. If the court agrees with counsel that the
claims are without merit, the court will permit counsel to withdraw
and deny relief.
Commonwealth v. Doty, 48 A.3d 451, 454 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation
omitted).
Here, counsel described the extent of his review, evaluated the issues,
and concluded that the appeal is meritless. Counsel has also listed issues
relevant to this appeal and explained why, in his opinion, the issues are
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without merit. In addition, counsel has included a letter that he sent to
Appellant containing a copy of the petition to withdraw and a statement
advising Appellant of his right to proceed pro se or through privately retained
counsel. We conclude that counsel has substantially complied with the
requirements necessary to withdraw as counsel. See Commonwealth v.
Karanicolas, 836 A.2d 940, 947 (Pa. Super. 2003) (holding that substantial
compliance with the requirements to withdraw as counsel will satisfy the
Turner/Finley criteria). Thus, we will permit counsel to withdraw if, after
our independent review, we conclude that the claims relevant to this appeal
lack merit.
Counsel identifies the following issues in the Turner/Finley letter:
1. Did Attorney Hathaway err in failing to appeal the Superior
Court’s May 1, 2020 affirmance of this Court’s denial of PCRA
Petition to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court?
2. Did Attorney Hathaway’s failure to demand an evidentiary
hearing on PCRA Petition 1 result in denial?
3. Did Attorney Hathaway’s failure to preserve the ineffective
assistance of Trial counsel [claim] raised in PCRA Petition 1
[by] failing to adequately develop the argument on appeal?
4. Did the [PCRA] Court commit abuse of discretion by failing to
find ineffectiveness of post-sentence counsel’s failure to file a
direct appeal?
Turner/Finley letter at 6.
Prior to addressing the issues presented, we must determine if
Appellant’s second PCRA petition was timely, as it impacts our jurisdiction.
Commonwealth v. Hernandez, 79 A.3d 649, 651 (Pa. Super. 2013). A
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PCRA petition, “including a second or subsequent petition, shall be filed within
one year of the date the judgment becomes final[.]” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1).
A judgment of sentence becomes final “at the conclusion of direct review,
including discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking
the review.” Id. at § 9545(b)(3).
Beyond the one-year limit, a petitioner must plead and prove at least
one of the following exceptions:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation of the
claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
or the Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to
the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise
of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized
by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court
of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and
has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). A petitioner must raise the claim within one
year from when the claim could have been raised. Id. at § 9545(b)(2).3
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3 Section 9545(b)(2) was amended to reflect that a petitioner has one year
rather than the prior deadline of sixty days to raise his claim. This amendment
became effective on December 24, 2018, and applies to claims arising on
December 24, 2017, or after. Because Appellant’s claim arose after
December 24, 2017, the amendment applies.
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Appellant was sentenced on February 4, 2019. Post-sentence motions
were denied February 26, 2019. Thus, the judgment of sentence became final
on March 28, 2019, thirty days after the denial of post-sentence motions and
“the expiration of time for seeking the review,” as Appellant did not file a direct
appeal. Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(2)(a); 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3). Therefore,
Appellant had until March 28, 2020, to file a timely first or subsequent PCRA
petition. Id. at § 9545(b)(1). Appellant did not file his petition until May 26,
2020. Thus, it was facially untimely. The PCRA court, however, deemed
Appellant’s second PCRA petition timely.4
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4 In its order denying Appellant’s PCRA petition, which is functioning as the
PCRA court’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion, the PCRA court stated as follows:
[Appellant] filed a prior PCRA petition on April 3, 2019,
shortly after his judgment of sentence became final on March 28,
2019 [sic]. That petition is referred to herein as “PCRA Petition
1.” [Appellant] never filed a direct appeal of his sentence.
[Appellant] asserts at paragraph 5 of PCRA Petition 2 that he
should be permitted to file PCRA Petition 2 more than one year
after his judgment of sentence became final, because the alleged
ineffectiveness of his PCRA Petition 1 counsel . . . was unknown
to [Appellant] until he received a copy of the Superior Court’s
decision affirming this court’s denial of PCRA Petition 1 on grounds
that Attorney Hathaway failed to adequately develop the
ineffective assistance of trial counsel argument, and, therefore,
waived the same. See Non-Precedential Decision—Memorandum,
filed May 1, 2020 at No. 1392 WDA 2019 (“Non-Precedential
Decision”).
PCRA Order, 8/5/20, at unnumbered 1 n.1; see also PCRA Petition, 5/26/20,
at ¶5(ii).
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In his second PCRA petition, Appellant asserts that prior PCRA counsel
was ineffective, and Appellant did not discover this ineffectiveness until the
Superior Court affirmed the order denying Appellant’s first PCRA petition on
May 1, 2020. Because Appellant filed the instant PCRA petition within one
year from the date of this Court’s memorandum, the PCRA court apparently
concluded that Appellant satisfied an exception to the PCRA time bar.
However, even assuming that Appellant’s PCRA petition was timely, we
conclude that the PCRA court did not err in denying relief. When reviewing
the propriety of an order denying PCRA relief, we consider the record “in the
light most favorable to the prevailing party at the PCRA level.”
Commonwealth v. Stultz, 114 A.3d 865, 872 (Pa. Super. 2015) (quoting
Commonwealth v. Henkel, 90 A.3d 16, 20 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc)).
This Court is limited to determining whether the evidence of record supports
the conclusions of the PCRA court and whether the ruling is free of legal error.
Commonwealth v. Rykard, 55 A.3d 1177, 1183 (Pa. Super. 2012). The
PCRA court’s findings will not be disturbed unless there is no support for the
findings in the certified record. Commonwealth v. Phillips, 31 A.3d 317,
319 (Pa. Super. 2011).
Our Supreme Court has explained the following in addressing an
ineffective assistance of counsel claim:
To prevail in a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a
petitioner must overcome the presumption that counsel is
effective by establishing all of the following three elements, as set
forth in Commonwealth v. Pierce, 515 Pa. 153, 527 A.2d 973,
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975–76 (1987): (1) the underlying legal claim has arguable merit;
(2) counsel had no reasonable basis for his or her action or
inaction; and (3) the petitioner suffered prejudice because of
counsel’s ineffectiveness.
Commonwealth v. Paddy, 15 A.3d 431, 442 (Pa. 2011). With regard to the
“reasonable-basis prong,” we do not question whether there were other more
logical courses of action that counsel could have pursued; rather, we must
examine whether counsel’s decisions had any reasonable basis.
Commonwealth v. Washington, 927 A.2d 586, 594 (Pa. 2007). We will
conclude that counsel’s chosen strategy lacked a reasonable basis only if
Appellant proves that “an alternative [basis that was] not chosen offered a
potential for success substantially greater than the course actually pursued.”
Commonwealth v. Williams, 899 A.2d 1060, 1064 (Pa. 2006). “In order to
meet the prejudice prong of the ineffectiveness standard, a defendant must
show that there is a ‘reasonable probability that but for counsel’s
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.’” Commonwealth v. Reed, 42 A.3d 314, 319 (Pa. Super. 2012).
A petitioner must prove all three prongs of the Pierce test, or the claim fails.
Commonwealth v. Reyes-Rodriguez, 111 A.3d 775, 780 (Pa. Super. 2015)
(en banc). “The burden of proving ineffectiveness rests with Appellant.”
Commonwealth v. Rega, 933 A.2d 997, 1018 (Pa. 2007).
Appellant’s first issue is that first PCRA counsel, Attorney Hathaway, was
ineffective in failing to appeal “the Superior Court’s May 1, 2020 affirmance of
this Court’s denial of PCRA Petition to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.”
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Turner/Finley Letter at 11. This issue was not raised in Appellant’s PCRA
petition but it was discussed at the PCRA hearing. The PCRA court stated that
Appellant did not present testimony on this issue. Order, 8/5/20, at
unnumbered 1 n.2. We observe, however, that Appellant testified that he
never asked Attorney Hathaway to file a petition for allowance of appeal. N.T.
(PCRA), 8/3/20, at 17. This issue lacks arguable merit.
Appellant’s second issue avers that Attorney Hathaway was ineffective
by failing “to demand an evidentiary hearing” on Appellant’s first PCRA petition
resulting in the petition’s denial. Turner/Finley Letter at 12. This issue was
not raised in Appellant’s PCRA petition or Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(4) statement and
is waived. Commonwealth v. Mason, 130 A.3d 601, 625 (Pa. 2015) (issue
waived where it was not raised in amended PCRA petition and the appellant
failed to obtain leave of court to supplement the petition to include it).
Even if not waived, the PCRA court explained in detail its reasons for
denying the first PCRA petition without a hearing. PCRA Order, 8/5/20, at
unnumbered 2–3. Moreover, “[t]here is no absolute right to an evidentiary
hearing on a PCRA petition, and if the PCRA court can determine from the
record that no genuine issues of material fact exist, then a hearing is not
necessary.” Commonwealth v. Jones, 942 A.2d 903, 906 (Pa. Super. 2008)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Barbosa, 819 A.2d 81 (Pa. Super. 2003)).
“[S]uch a decision is within the discretion of the PCRA court and will not be
overturned absent an abuse of discretion.” Commonwealth v. Mason, 130
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A.3d 601, 617 (Pa. 2015). Because there were no genuine issues of material
fact raised therein, the PCRA court did not abuse its discretion in denying
Appellant an evidentiary hearing. Id.; PCRA Order, 8/5/20, at unnumbered
2–3. Counsel cannot be found to be ineffective for failing to raise a meritless
claim. Commonwealth v. Rivera, 199 A.3d 365, 374 (Pa. 2018).
Appellant’s third issue asserts the ineffectiveness of first PCRA counsel
for not raising the ineffective assistance of trial counsel in the first PCRA
petition and “failing to adequately develop the argument on appeal.”
Turner/Finley Letter at 13. This issue clearly is vague and lacking in clarity,
and for this reason we could find it waived. However, our review of the PCRA
petition clarifies that Appellant was referencing an argument relating to his
use of aliases that he believed trial counsel failed to investigate. We do not
find the issue waived, and rely on the PCRA court’s explanation in addressing
this claim, as follows:
The court heard testimony from [Appellant] and court-
appointed trial counsel, Stephen J. Lagner, III, Esq. [Appellant]
testified extensively in support of his PCRA Petition 1 claim that
Attorney Lagner was ineffective in failing to investigate and
present evidence that [Appellant] did not use the aliases or
nicknames used by the police to identify him in the RMS database,
and used false nicknames merely as a “pretext to falsely identify
him and frame him” for the crime. See e.g. [Appellant]'s Concise
Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal, filed September
27, 2019 (re: PCRA Petition 1). It was generally his position that
had the Police not used the false nickname(s) to locate him in their
database, his picture never would have made its way into the
photo lineup that was presented to the witness who identified him
as the perpetrator.
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Attorney Lagner explained that he did not pursue the
alias/nickname aspect of [Appellant’s] argument at the
suppression hearing or beyond because it was meritless, but did
zealously advocate that the photo lineup was improperly
suggestive, to no avail. Again, upon review of the suppression
hearing transcript in its entirety, this court finds no basis to disturb
Judge Bozza’s denial of [Appellant’s] suppression motion in regard
to the alias/suggestive photo lineup claims, nor does it find
Attorney Lagner’s representation of [Appellant] in connection with
the suppression hearing deficient in any way.
PCRA Order, 8/5/20, at unnumbered 2–3. As noted, PCRA counsel cannot be
ineffective for failing to raise a meritless claim. Rivera, 199 A.3d at 374.
Appellant’s final issue asserts that the PCRA court abused its discretion
by failing to find ineffectiveness of post-sentence counsel for not filing a direct
appeal. Turner/Finley Letter at 14. This issue was not raised in the
Amended PCRA petition. N.T. (PCRA), 8/3/20, at 6. Indeed, Appellant
testified that he did not raise the issue. Id. at 14. However, the PCRA court
addressed it, as follows:
Regarding [Appellant’s] oral motion to amend PCRA Petition
2 to include a claim that trial and/or post-sentence counsel were
ineffective for failure to file a direct appeal, [Appellant] testified
that he instructed Attorney Lagner to file a direct appeal
immediately after sentencing. Attorney Lagner did not recall the
request, but was unable to specifically deny it was made.
However, the question is moot. Attorney Lagner credibly testified
that [Appellant] replaced him with private legal counsel, Eric V.
Hackwelder, Esq., within days of sentencing. Attorney Lagner
moved to withdraw his appearance for that reason on
February 21, 2019, and the motion was granted by order dated
February 25, 2019. By then, Attorney Hackwelder had filed a
post-sentence motion on [Appellant’s] behalf, which was denied
by order dated February 26, 2020. [Appellant] did not dispute
that testimony.
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Clearly, Attorney Lagner was under no responsibility to file
a direct appeal on [Appellant’s] behalf at or before the time he
was discharged by [Appellant], therefore, [Appellant’s] motion to
amend PCRA Petition 2 to include a claim that Attorney Lagner
was ineffective for failure to file a direct appeal is DENIED.
PCRA Order, 8/5/20, at unnumbered 3–4.
Attorney Lagner was not counsel of record during the appeal period
because Appellant had hired new counsel, Mr. Hackwelder. Appellant testified
that he hired Attorney Hackwelder for the sole purpose of filing post-sentence
motions. N.T. (PCRA), 8/3/20, at 18–19. Appellant also testified that
Attorney Hackwelder did everything Appellant asked him to do. Id. at 19–20.
This issue is frivolous.
For all of these reasons, and following our independent review of the
record, we conclude there are no meritorious issues upon which Appellant may
obtain relief. Having determined that the August 5, 2020 order must be
affirmed, we grant counsel’s petition to withdraw pursuant to Turner/Finley.
Petition to withdraw as counsel granted. Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/13/2021
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