Com. v. Hawes, M. ( 2017 )

J-S95020-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
MARWAN HAWES
Appellant No. 2101 EDA 2016
Appeal from the PCRA Order June 20, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-46-CR-00006674-2011
BEFORE: STABILE, J., MOULTON, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MOULTON, J.: FILED APRIL 19, 2017
Marwan Hawes appeals from the June 20, 2016 order entered in the
Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas dismissing his petition filed
pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-
9546. In lieu of an advocate’s brief, Hawes’ PCRA counsel has filed a
Turner/Finley1 “no-merit” letter and a motion to withdraw as counsel. We
affirm the PCRA court’s order and grant counsel’s motion to withdraw.
This Court, in deciding Hawes’ direct appeal, set forth a detailed
factual history:
On April 15, 2011, Cheltenham Police arrive[d] at
403 Salisbury Ave[nue] in Cheltenham Township to
respond to a burglary in progress. Okkyong Rho
____________________________________________
1
Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988) and
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1988) (en banc).
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[(Rho)] arrived home to find a red Jeep Cherokee
with tinted windows parked and running outside of
her home. Upon approaching her home, the Jeep
blew its horn and three African American males fled
from the residence and entered the Jeep. Rho stated
that she was missing thousands of dollars in
currency and women’s jewelry. Approximately ten
minutes later, police located a red Jeep Cherokee
with tinted windows, less than 1 mile from the Rho
residence, with its engine and exhaust still warm. In
plain view inside the vehicle were a police scanner
and a pair of gloves. Rho positively identified [the
Jeep as] the vehicle involved in the burglary.
Other burglaries [had] occurred, on April 12 and
13, in Lower Merion and Springfield Townships
respectively. Witnesses to each of those burglaries
saw a red Jeep Cherokee parked and running outside
of the houses. One witness positively identified the
Jeep located on April 15 as the one he saw during
the April 13 burglary. Based on this information, a
search warrant was issued and executed on the
Jeep. Police found the following items: 2 police
scanners, work gloves, a ski mask, a crowbar,
several pieces of jewelry, and documents identifying
[Hawes] and Raymond Stevenson[, as well as a
vehicle registration card identifying Marcelline
Hawes, [Hawes’] mother, as the owner].
* * *
During the alleged burglaries, [Hawes] was on house
arrest and under the supervision of Jack Krupczak
[(Krupczak)] of the Philadelphia Probation Office.
After receiving a flyer police distributed identifying
[Hawes] as a burglary suspect, [Krupczak’s
supervisor] contacted [police detective Andy] Snyder
about the probation office assisting law enforcement
in speaking with [Hawes]. On April 19, 2011,
Krupczak contacted [Hawes] and directed him to
come to the probation office. Krupczak testified that
this meeting was unscheduled and his only purpose
was to direct [Hawes] to the Cheltenham Police
Department. [Hawes] testified that he believed if he
did not comply with this direction, he would be
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arrested for violating his probation. When he arrived
at the police station, [Hawes] told Detective Snyder
his probation officer directed him to speak with
police about the burglaries. [Hawes] filled out
paperwork indicating his identifying information,
including phone numbers where he could be reached.
[Hawes] then submitted to questioning by Detective
Snyder, the answers to which [Hawes] signed. He
was never given [warnings of his] Miranda[2] rights,
told he was free to terminate the meeting, or told he
was free to leave the police station.
2
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
Suppression Court Opinion, 4/4/2012, at 1-2, 4-5
(footnote added).
Thereafter, the police obtained a search warrant for the
records attached to the cell phone number that [Hawes]
provided. Those records revealed that the phone (1) was
not registered to [Hawes], but was under the account of
Roscoe Williams, and (2) was used near the scenes of the
burglaries at the times of the burglaries.
The Commonwealth filed a complaint and information
against [Hawes], charging him with various crimes related
to the burglaries. Prior to trial, [Hawes] moved to
suppress the evidence found in the Jeep, the evidence
obtained from his phone records, and his signed answers
to Detective Snyder’s questioning. The suppression court
granted [Hawes]’s motion as to his signed answers to the
questions, but denied it as to the evidence obtained from
the Jeep and the biographical information contained in his
police statement.
[Hawes] proceeded to a jury trial. Evidence offered
against [Hawes] included, inter alia, the phone records,
and a report analyzing DNA evidence taken from a Red Bull
can found in the Jeep, which showed that the individual
had XY sex chromosomes and that the chance of the
sample being someone unrelated to [Hawes] was one in
seven trillion. N.T., 5/9/2012, at 37.
On May 10, 2012, [Hawes] was convicted of the crimes
indicated above. [Hawes] was sentenced on September 5,
2012.
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Commonwealth v. Hawes, No. 2931 EDA 2012, unpublished mem. at 1-4
(Pa.Super. filed Aug. 27, 2013). Hawes appealed, and this Court affirmed
his judgment of sentence on August 27, 2013. On September 26, 2013,
Hawes filed a petition for allowance of appeal with the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court, which was denied on March 19, 2014.
On December 10, 2014, Hawes filed a pro se PCRA petition, claiming
ineffective assistance of trial counsel.2 On January 2, 2015, the PCRA court
appointed counsel. On March 2, 2015, Hawes, through counsel, filed an
amended PCRA petition, asserting two 3 ineffectiveness claims and requesting
an evidentiary hearing. Am. PCRA Pet., 3/2/15, at 3-6. The PCRA court
held a hearing on March 21 and May 10, 2016. On June 20, 2016, the PCRA
court dismissed Hawes’ amended PCRA petition.
On July 5, 2016, Hawes filed a pro se notice of appeal along with a pro
se Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b) statement. On July 7,
2016, the PCRA court directed Hawes’ counsel to file a Rule 1925(b)
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2
Hawes’ pro se petition contained 22 allegations of ineffective
assistance of counsel. PCRA Pet., 12/10/14.
3
While Hawes’ amended PCRA petition listed two main claims of
ineffectiveness, Hawes’ first claim, which asserted trial counsel
ineffectiveness for failing to call Hawes at trial, presented two arguments for
trial counsel’s ineffectiveness. In his pro se response to PCRA counsel’s
Turner/Finley letter, Hawes addressed those arguments separately.
Accordingly, we will address each argument.
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statement. On July 21, 2016, Hawes filed a pro se petition for a Grazier4
hearing to waive counsel and/or appoint new counsel.5 That same day,
PCRA counsel filed a statement of intent to file a Turner/Finley letter
pursuant to Rule 1925(c)(4). On October 17, 2016, PCRA counsel filed with
this Court a Turner/Finley letter brief and petition to withdraw as counsel.6
On October 27, 2016, Hawes filed a response with this Court to the petition
to withdraw. On February 15, 2017, Hawes filed a response with this Court
to counsel’s Turner/Finley letter brief.7
Before we may address the merits of Hawes’ appeal, we must
determine whether his PCRA counsel has satisfied the requirements for
withdrawal under Turner/Finley. Counsel must
file a “no-merit” letter detailing the nature and extent of
his review and list[ing] each issue the petitioner wishes to
have examined, explaining why those issues are meritless.
The PCRA court, or an appellate court if the no-merit letter
is filed before it, then must conduct its own independent
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4
Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998).
5
The PCRA court did not rule on this petition.
6
In lieu of a brief, on October 19, 2016, the Commonwealth filed a
letter agreeing with PCRA counsel “that there is no basis in either law or fact
to support [Hawes’] appeal” and “there is no merit to any issue.” Cmwlth.’s
Ltr., 10/19/16.
7
Hawes styled this response as an “application for relief.” However,
the filing is a response to counsel’s Turner/Finley letter brief and we shall
treat it as such. To the extent that this “application for relief” is a separate
motion seeking relief from this Court, it is denied with prejudice.
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evaluation of the record and agree with counsel that the
petition is without merit.
Commonwealth v. Rykard, 55 A.3d 1177, 1184 (Pa.Super. 2012) (internal
citation omitted). Counsel also must serve copies of the petition to withdraw
and no-merit letter on the petitioner and advise the petitioner that he or she
has the right to proceed pro se or with privately retained counsel.
Commonwealth v. Widgins, 29 A.3d 816, 818 (Pa.Super. 2011).
In his no-merit letter, PCRA counsel states that he reviewed the
record. Also in the letter, PCRA counsel identifies the issues that Hawes
wishes to raise8 and explains why the issues are meritless. PCRA counsel
also mailed a copy of the petition and no-merit letter to Hawes and informed
him that, if he sought to continue the appeal, Hawes could retain private
counsel or proceed without counsel. We conclude that PCRA counsel has
complied with the dictates of Turner/Finley.
PCRA counsel raises two issues in his Turner/Finley letter brief:
I. Whether trial counsel was ineffective regarding
[Hawes]’s failure to testify at trial?
II. Whether trial counsel was ineffective for not calling
the following witnesses during trial:
a. Merceline Hawes
b. Raymond Stevenson
____________________________________________
8
Hawes’ pro se PCRA petition and his February 15, 2017 response to
the Turner/Finley letter listed additional issues. However, Hawes’
amended PCRA petition raised two claims of ineffective assistance of
counsel, which PCRA counsel addressed in his Turner/Finley letter.
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c. Roscoe Williams
d. Luvon Paulson
e. Daryl Dees
Turner Ltr. Br. at 4 (PCRA court answers omitted). PCRA counsel’s first
issue in the Turner/Finley letter involves two claims of ineffective
assistance of counsel that fall under Hawes’ failure to testify at trial: (1) trial
counsel failed to advise Hawes on or interfered with his right to testify, and
(2) trial counsel failed to colloquy Hawes on the record or ask the trial court
to do the same.
In his pro se response, Hawes raised the two issues presented by
PCRA counsel and asserted that PCRA counsel was incorrect in finding these
issues meritless. Hawes also raised two additional issues and similarly
claimed that PCRA counsel was incorrect for finding them meritless:
2. Whether trial counsel was ineffective for presentation
of an inconsistent alibi defense and[/]or not properly
prepar[ing] alibi witness[?]
...
5. Whether trial counsel was ineffective for not
[ob]jecting to an illegal consecutive sentence
violates the sub section of burglary statue [sic]
3502[?]
Hawes’ Turner/Finley response, 2/15/17, at 2.
Our standard of review from the denial of PCRA relief “is limited to
examining whether the PCRA court’s determination is supported by the
evidence of record and whether it is free of legal error.” Commonwealth v.
Ousley, 21 A.3d 1238, 1242 (Pa.Super. 2011). We will not disturb the
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PCRA court’s factual findings “unless there is no support for [those] findings
in the certified record.” Commonwealth v. Melendez–Negron, 123 A.3d
1087, 1090 (Pa.Super. 2015).
When analyzing ineffectiveness claims, “[w]e begin . . . with the
presumption that counsel [was] effective.” Commonwealth v. Spotz, 18
A.3d 244, 259-60 (Pa. 2011). “[T]he [petitioner] bears the burden of
proving ineffectiveness.” Commonwealth v. Ligons, 971 A.2d 1125, 1137
(Pa. 2009). To overcome the presumption of effectiveness, a PCRA
petitioner must demonstrate that: “(1) the underlying substantive claim has
arguable merit; (2) counsel whose effectiveness is being challenged did not
have a reasonable basis for his or her actions or failure to act; and (3) the
petitioner suffered prejudice as a result of counsel’s deficient performance.”
Id. “A claim of ineffectiveness will be denied if the petitioner’s evidence fails
to meet any of these prongs.” Id.In his Turner/Finley letter, counsel first addresses the claim that trial
counsel was ineffective for failing to advise Hawes of his right to testify and
failing to ensure that Hawes knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waived
his right to testify. PCRA counsel concludes that the issues are meritless
because trial counsel testified that on multiple occasions, he advised Hawes
of his right to testify but recommended against testifying because it would
open the door to impeachment with a prior burglary conviction, which would
have “torpedoed” the entire alibi defense. Turner/Finley Ltr. Br. at 7.
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In his pro se response, Hawes argues that he hired new counsel9 to
assist at trial because he felt that his trial counsel had not adequately
discussed trial strategy with him. Hawes’ Turner/Finley response, 2/15/17,
at 15-16. Hawes asserts that he did not know he would not testify until the
morning of trial and believed that the trial court would colloquy him on his
right to testify, “as [the courts] do in his home county [of] Philadelphia.”
Id. Hawes claims that he would have, consistent with his preferred alibi
defense, testified that he was at work during the burglaries. See N.T. PCRA,
5/10/16, at 34-35.
The decision to testify on one’s own behalf is ultimately
to be made by the accused after full consultation with
counsel. In order to support a claim that counsel was
ineffective for “failing to call the appellant to the stand,”
[the appellant] must demonstrate either that (1) counsel
interfered with his client’s freedom to testify, or (2)
counsel gave specific advice so unreasonable as to vitiate a
knowing and intelligent decision by the client not to testify
in his own behalf. [Commonwealth v. Thomas, 783
A.2d 328,] 334 [Pa.Super. 2001)]. “Counsel is not
ineffective where counsel’s decision to not call the
defendant was reasonable.” Commonwealth v. Breisch,
719 A.3d 352, 355 (Pa.Super. 1998).
Commonwealth v. Todd, 820 A.2d 707, 711 (Pa.Super. 2003).
The PCRA court found trial counsel’s testimony credible in all respects.
Trial counsel testified that he had spoken with Hawes on numerous
____________________________________________
9
While Hawes hired additional counsel immediately before trial, N.T.
PCRA, 5/10/16, at 26-27, it is clear that his claims of trial counsel
ineffectiveness relate to his initial trial counsel, who was Hawes’ actual
advocate both before and during trial.
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occasions about his right to testify and counseled Hawes that if he testified
in his own defense, the Commonwealth would impeach him with a prior
burglary conviction. Hawes testified that he had never discussed the issue
with trial counsel, despite admitting that he had met with trial counsel on
multiple occasions. The PCRA court found trial counsel credible and Hawes
incredible. Under these circumstances, we defer to the credibility
determinations of the PCRA court. Further, we agree with the PCRA court’s
conclusions that trial counsel did not interfere with Hawes’ right to testify
(because Hawes made a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver of that
right), and trial counsel’s actions were reasonable because calling Hawes to
testify would have immediately opened him to impeachment. Id. at 711-12(finding counsel not ineffective where counsel testified that he had spoken
with appellant numerous times about his right to testify and advised against
testifying because appellant had four prior convictions that could be used
against him).
We also conclude that trial counsel was not ineffective for failing to
colloquy Hawes on the record or asking the trail court to do so. There is no
requirement that a trial court colloquy a defendant regarding his right to
testify.10 Id. at 712. Further, where it is clear counsel discussed the right
____________________________________________
10
PCRA counsel based the argument that trial counsel was ineffective
for failing to ensure Hawes knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waived
his right to counsel, in part, on a claim that counsel failed to request a
mandatory on-the-record colloquy on that waiver.
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to testify with the defendant, counsel is not ineffective. See id. at 711-12.
Here, the trial court found that Hawes’ claim was meritless, “based on the
testimony of both trial counsel and [Hawes], and the admission by [Hawes]
that his trial counsel met with him ten times prior to trial.” PCRA Order,
6/20/16, at 1 n.1. We agree with the trial court’s conclusion, which is
supported by the record.
Next, Hawes argues that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
call a number of witnesses during trial.
When raising a claim of ineffectiveness for the failure to
call a potential witness, a petitioner satisfies the
performance and prejudice requirements of the Strickland
[v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984),] test by
establishing that: (1) the witness existed; (2) the witness
was available to testify for the defense; (3) counsel knew
of, or should have known of, the existence of the witness;
(4) the witness was willing to testify for the defense; and
(5) the absence of the testimony of the witness was so
prejudicial as to have denied the defendant a fair trial. To
demonstrate . . . prejudice, a petitioner “must show how
the uncalled witnesses’ testimony would have been
beneficial under the circumstances of the case.” Thus,
counsel will not be found ineffective for failing to call a
witness unless the petitioner can show that the witness’s
testimony would have been helpful to the defense. A
failure to call a witness is not per se ineffective assistance
of counsel for such decision usually involves matters of
trial strategy.
Commonwealth v. Sneed, 45 A.3d 1096, 1108-09 (Pa. 2012). We will
address each witness separately.
Hawes first argues that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to call
his mother, Merceline Hawes, to testify. At the PCRA hearing, Merceline
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testified that she last saw her red Jeep Cherokee on April 11, 2011, after
Marwan Hawes parked the car on Alma Street. N.T. PCRA, 3/21/16, at 59-
60. She then stated that she stayed at her daughter Baheejah’s house
during the week. Id. at 61-62. When she returned on April 16, 2011, she
did not see the vehicle on Alma Street and, after finding out that her friend
Raymond Stevenson had been in her home,11 she searched for Stevenson at
locations where he picked up drugs. Id. at 66. When she could not find
Stevenson, she reported the car stolen. Id. at 76. She then stated that
Montgomery County law enforcement12 contacted her about the car through
her daughter Lakeshia and that Stevenson came to her to talk about the car
a few days later. Id. at 64-66. However, on cross-examination, Merceline
testified that she knew that Stevenson had leased the car out for drugs
before Montgomery County law enforcement contacted her. Id. at 77. She
also testified that in early 2011, Luvon Paulson took possession of Hawes’
cell phone. Id. at 67-68.
Trial counsel testified that he decided not to call Merceline as a witness
because counsel thought “she would be a terrible witness” and her testimony
would be repetitive of testimony given by Hawes’ sister, Lakeshia, who
____________________________________________
11
Raymond Stevenson had access to Merceline’s home. N.T. PCRA,
5/10/16, at 64.
12
Neither the Commonwealth nor Merceline specified which
Montgomery County law enforcement unit contacted Merceline.
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counsel found to be “solid and credible.” Id. at 26-27, 47. The PCRA court
denied relief, concluding that Merceline’s testimony “was in part duplicative
of another defense witness presented at trial, in part contradictory to that of
Raymond Stevenson, and the witness’s testimony appeared overall
incredible given her bias towards [Hawes] and her use of an alias.” 13 PCRA
Order, 6/20/16, at 2 n.4.
The PCRA court’s conclusion is supported by the record. Trial counsel’s
decision not to call Merceline was a matter of trial strategy, as counsel
concluded that Lakeshia would be a stronger witness. Further, Hawes failed
to show that Merceline’s testimony would have been beneficial. Merceline’s
testimony would have been cumulative of Lakeshia’s testimony, see
Commonwealth v. Tharp, 101 A.3d 736, 758 (Pa.Super. 2014)
(concluding defendant failed to show prejudice where testimony cumulative
of evidence already presented in appellant’s defense), and Merceline’s
testimony at the PCRA hearing was inconsistent as to when Stevenson told
her that he had loaned the car in exchange for drugs.
Next, PCRA counsel raises the issue whether trial counsel was
ineffective for failing to call Stevenson. Stevenson testified at the PCRA
hearing that he had loaned Merceline’s car to a person named “J.P.” in
____________________________________________
13
While cross-examining Hawes on his phone records, the
Commonwealth introduced letters and receipts for payments into Hawes’
inmate account from a Merceline “Boatwright,” bearing the signatures of
“Mom” or “Mommy.” N.T. PCRA, 5/10/16, at 43-45.
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exchange for crack cocaine. N.T. PCRA, 3/21/16, at 93. He stated that J.P.
used the car multiple times between April 11, 2011 and April 16, 2011. Id.Stevenson also testified that he told Merceline that he had loaned the car
out when she approached him and told him that she had reported the car
stolen. Id. at 93-94. Stevenson further testified that once he knew
Montgomery County law enforcement was looking for the vehicle, he did not
provide them information because he “was nervous about what was going
on.” Id. at 94. The PCRA court denied relief, concluding that Stevenson’s
testimony was contradictory to Merceline’s testimony, Stevenson had a
“significant criminal history,” and Stevenson “did not provide any
information regarding the third party who allegedly [took the car] to the
authorities prior to the time of trial.” PCRA Order, 6/20/16, at 2 n.5.
We agree with the PCRA court’s conclusions, which are supported by
the record. Under these circumstances, we agree with the PCRA court that
trial counsel was not ineffective for failing to call Stevenson because
Stevenson’s testimony “was not necessary to avoid prejudice to [Hawes] and
trial counsel demonstrated a reasonable basis for failing to call [him] at
trial.” See id. at 2
PCRA counsel next addresses the claim that trial counsel was
ineffective for failing to call Roscoe Williams. Williams testified at the PCRA
hearing that in January 2011, he permitted Hawes to use the cell phone later
implicated in the burglaries but Hawes returned the phone to Williams in
February 2011 because the cell phone plan was too expensive. N.T. PCRA,
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3/21/16, at 113. Williams stated he gave the phone to Luvon Poulson, who
used the phone between March 2011 and May 2011. Id. at 113-14.
According to Williams, Poulson returned the phone to Williams, who
cancelled the plan. Id. at 115. At the end of examination, the
Commonwealth introduced a certified record of Williams’ robbery conviction.
The PCRA court concluded that William’s testimony “was not necessary to
avoid prejudice to [Hawes] and trial counsel demonstrated a reasonable
basis for failing to call [him] at trial” because Williams was “incredible and
had a significant criminal history,” and his testimony “would have been
rebutted by evidence presented by the Commonwealth of the cell phone’s
location.”14 PCRA Order, 6/20/16, at 2 n.6.
We agree with the trial court’s conclusion that this issue is meritless.
The Commonwealth would have impeached Williams with a crimen falsi
robbery conviction if he had testified at trial. See Pa.R.Evid. 609(a);
Commonwealth v. Bryant, 855 A.2d 726, 746 (Pa. 2004). Further, the
Commonwealth would have rebutted the testimony with testimony of a cell
____________________________________________
14
The PCRA court also found that Williams would have been
impeached by a prior statement given to police about the cell phone. See
PCRA Order, 6/20/16, at 2. We do not find support for the PCRA court’s
conclusion that had Williams testified at trial, he would have been impeached
using a prior inconsistent statement. The notes of testimony do not show
that the Commonwealth introduced a prior inconsistent statement at the
PCRA hearing. Regardless of whether such a statement was introduced, we
conclude that the PCRA court’s conclusion that the claim is meritless is
correct.
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phone expert, who testified at the PCRA hearing that the cell phone was two
blocks away from Hawes’ residence throughout the early portion of April
2011. N.T. PCRA, 5/10/16, at 114-15.
Next, Hawes’ counsel addresses trial counsel’s failure to call Luvon
Poulson and Darryl Dees. Hawes asserts that Poulson and Dees were critical
to his defense because Poulson would have testified that he possessed the
cell phone linked to the burglaries and Dees would have testified that when
the burglaries occurred, he and Hawes were working for a contractor. The
PCRA court found that Hawes waived this argument because he failed to
present Paulson and Dees at the PCRA hearing. See PCRA Order, 6/20/16,
at 2.
We disagree with the PCRA court that Hawes waived this argument
because he failed to produce these witnesses at his PCRA hearing. Cf.
Commonwealth v. Lopez, 739 A.2d 485, 496 (Pa. 1999) (suggesting that
affidavits could provide “objective proof” that witnesses trial counsel failed to
call “actually exist, or that they were ready, willing and able to testify on his
behalf at his trial”). However, we conclude that the issue is meritless.
Hawes presented the affidavits of both Poulson and Dees, but these one-
page documents do not confirm that Poulson or Dees would have been
available to testify at Hawes’ trial.15 Further, it is not clear that Poulson’s or
____________________________________________
15
Poulson and Dees’ failure to appear for the PCRA hearing further
suggests their unavailability.
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Dees’ testimony would have been beneficial to Hawes. Poulson’s proposed
testimony was that he possessed the cell phone from March 2011 to May
2011. However, the Commonwealth’s cell phone expert, who placed the cell
phone within two blocks of Hawes’ residence throughout the early portion of
April 2011, would have rebutted Poulson’s proposed testimony. 16 See, N.T.
PCRA, 5/10/16, at 84-87. Dees’ proposed testimony, that he and Hawes
were at work, would have been cumulative and repetitive of Molina’s
testimony that Hawes was working on a job site throughout the week of the
burglaries. See N.T. Trial, 5/9/12, at 195, 211. Because Hawes failed to
prove that these witnesses would have been available to testify or that their
testimony would have been beneficial, we conclude that trial counsel was not
ineffective for failing to call these witnesses.
In his pro se response, Hawes raised two additional issues that he
believes are meritorious, but argues that “PCRA counsel err[]ed in
determining that these claims lacked merit and that they did not require[]
the [P]CRA [c]ourt to apply any governing law to the facts.” Hawes’
Turner/Finley response, 2/15/17, at 2. These issues are waived on appeal
because Hawes did not include them in his amended PCRA petition. See
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16
According to Pennsylvania Department of Transportation records,
Poulson resided at 2919 West Arizona St. in Philadelphia. N.T., 5/10/16, at
96-97. Hawes lived at 5605 Warrington Avenue in Philadelphia. Id. at 89.
The Commonwealth’s cell phone expert testified that these addresses are
approximately five miles apart. Id. at 93.
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Commonwealth v. Spotz, 18 A.3d 244, 320 (Pa. 2011). Additionally, even
if we concluded that Hawes preserved these issues for appeal, we would find
that he is not entitled to relief because the issues are meritless.
Hawes first argues that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
prepare a consistent alibi defense and failing to prepare alibi witness Robert
Molina for trial. Hawes’ Turner/Finley response, 2/15/17, at 12. Hawes
contends that trial counsel did not bring Molina to the court’s attention until
the morning of trial, when trial counsel asserted “difficulty . . . locating
[Molina].” Id. Further, Hawes asserts that trial counsel did not familiarize
himself with Molina, as evinced by referring to the witness as “Bobby
Merl[i]no” and the fact that while trial counsel indicated in his opening that
Molina would testify that Hawes worked the entire month of April, Molina
testified on cross-examination that Hawes did not come to work after April
2011. Id. at 10-12.
This issue is meritless. Molina testified on cross-examination that he
learned Hawes had been arrested in April 2011, when Hawes did not come
into work. N.T. Trial, 5/9/12, at 208. However, Molina did not say when in
April 2011 Hawes failed to come into work. Further, after Molina testified
that he heard this information from Sean Squire, trial counsel objected to
the testimony as hearsay. Id. at 209. Trial counsel attempted to
rehabilitate Molina by asking him if “there [was] any doubt in [his] mind that
[Hawes] was at the job site the entirety of those days, from April 11th to
April 15th,” to which Molina responded “no.” Id. at 211. Further, before the
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first day of trial, trial counsel informed the trial court that he had attempted
to find the “Bobby Merlino” referenced in the grand jury testimony and had
asked Hawes about “Bobby.” N.T. Trial, 5/8/12, at 6-8. Once trial counsel
determined who Molina was, he sent an investigator to talk to Molina, id. at
8, and spoke to Molina personally at least a few days before trial, N.T. Trial,
5/9/12, at 207.17 Trial counsel also subpoenaed Molina to testify and
discussed details with Molina before trial. N.T. Trial, 5/9/12, at 196-97.
Apart from references to counsel’s pretrial discussion with the
Commonwealth and trial court about Molina’s alibi testimony, Hawes
presents no evidence that trial counsel failed to prepare Molina. Contrary to
Hawes’ assertions, it is clear that trial counsel attempted to prepare Molina
in the short amount of time he had to do so.
Next, Hawes argues that his conviction for possessing an instrument of
crime (“PIC”) should have merged, for sentencing purposes, with his
conviction for burglary. Hawes’ Turner/Finley response, 2/15/17, at 17-18.
First, Hawes claims that his sentence on the PIC conviction violates 18
Pa.C.S. § 3502(d), which prohibits sentencing on both the “burglary and . . .
the offense which it was his intent to commit after the burglarious entry or
for an attempt to commit that offense, unless the additional offense
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17
On cross-examination, Molina confirmed that he had spoken to trial
counsel “last Friday.” N.T. Trial, 5/9/12, at 207. Molina testified on
Wednesday, May 9, 2012.
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constitutes a felony of the first or second degree.” Alternatively, Hawes
argues that his convictions merge under section 9765 of the Sentencing
Code.18
Section 3502 of the Crimes Code defines burglary:
(a) Offense defined.--A person commits the offense of
burglary if, with the intent to commit a crime therein, the
person:
(2) enters a building or occupied structure, or
separately secured or occupied portion thereof that is
adapted for overnight accommodations in which at the
time of the offense no person is present;
18 Pa.C.S. § 3502. Section 907(a) of the Crimes Code defines the crime of
PIC:
(a) Criminal instruments generally.--A person commits
a misdemeanor of the first degree if he possesses any
instrument of crime with intent to employ it criminally.
18 Pa.C.S. § 907(a).
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18
Section 9765 provides that:
[n]o crimes shall merge for sentencing purposes unless the
crimes arise from a single criminal act and all of the
statutory elements of one offense are included in the
statutory elements of the other offense. Where crimes
merge for sentencing purposes, the court may sentence
the defendant only on the higher graded offense.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9765.
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Both arguments are meritless. The record shows that Hawes intended
to commit theft by unlawful taking,19 not PIC, after breaking into the homes.
With respect to Hawes’ section 9765 argument, burglary contains at least
one element that is not contained within PIC — entering a building or
occupied structure — and PIC contains at least one element that is not
contained within burglary — possessing an instrument of crime. Therefore,
these crimes do not merge for sentencing purposes.
Order affirmed. Motion to withdraw as counsel granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/19/2017
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19
18 Pa.C.S. § 3921(a).
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