Com. v. Hosby, R. ( 2018 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
v.
ROBERT CLINTON HOSBY,
Appellant No. 905 MDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order, entered April 17, 2017,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County,
Criminal Division, at No(s): CP-22-CR-0004975-2006.
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J. and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED MAY 02, 2018
Robert Clinton Hosby appeals from the order denying his serial petition
for post-conviction relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act
(“PCRA”). 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-46. We affirm.
The pertinent facts and procedural history have been summarized as
follows:
While drinking at a local bar, [Hosby] and his cousin,
Tamara Hosby, encountered Tara Layton and her friends
and arranged for Tamara to fight Soraya Layton, Tara’s
cousin. The fight was arranged because Soraya provided
the Harrisburg Police Department with information related
to criminal activity involving Tamara’s brother. During the
early morning hours of October 8, 2006, [Hosby] drove
Tamara to Tara’s residence at 2118 Susquehanna Street to
engage in the pre-arranged fist-fight with Soraya.
When [Hosby] and Tamara arrived at the location, they
exited the vehicle and walked together along the sidewalk
towards Tara’s residence, and Tamara shouted at Soraya
as she approached the residence. Soraya turned around
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to walk away; however, Tamara grabbed her hair and
punched her in the face, leading to the physical
altercation. Hosby urged Tamara to “beat Soraya up” as
the fight was occurring.
Anthony Chadwick, Tara’s boyfriend, broke up the fight
between Soraya and Tamara and they walked away from
the residence still arguing. Around the same time,
[Hosby] and Tara were arguing about the winner of the
altercation between Soraya and Tamara. [Hosby] punched
Tara in the face, and Anthony intervened and pushed
[Hosby] away. [Hosby] then turned and walked to his car.
Witnesses testified that once [Hosby] arrived at his
vehicle he opened the door and reached inside, pulled out
a gun and placed it in his rear pocket. After witnessing
[Hosby] loading the gun and placing it in his rear pocket,
Tara’s cousin, Laticia Jackson, instructed him to leave.
[Hosby] ignored the demand and walked towards Tara’s
residence, intoning, “They keep running their mouth”.
When [Hosby] approached the residence, Tara grabbed a
plastic lawn chair and ran towards him. As she was
shouting for him to leave, she hit [Hosby] a few times with
the chair and pieces of the chair went flying. [Hosby] then
backed away, pulled out his gun, and shot Tara in the
chest, killing her instantly. After shooting Tara, [Hosby]
turned away, returned to his car and left with Tamara.
[Hosby] was later arrested and processed by the City of
Harrisburg, Bureau of Police. Trial was convened, a jury
convicted [Hosby for first-degree murder and related
charges], and he was sentenced [to an aggregate term of
life in prison]. Post-trial motions were filed and denied,
following which a timely notice of appeal was filed.
Commonwealth v. Hosby, 965 A.2d 265 (Pa. Super. 2007), unpublished
memorandum at 1-3 (citations omitted). On December 17, 2008, we
rejected Hosby’s claims on direct appeal and affirmed his judgment of
sentence. Id. On May 27, 2009, our Supreme Court denied Hosby’s
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petition for allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v. Hosby, 972 A.2d 520(Pa. 2009).
On August 26, 2009, Hosby filed a timely pro se PCRA petition, and
the PCRA court appointed counsel. Thereafter, PCRA counsel filed a “no-
merit” letter and motion to withdraw, pursuant to Commonwealth v.
Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550
A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc), based upon PCRA counsel’s
conclusion that Appellant’s petition was without merit. On June 24, 2011,
the PCRA court issued Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to dismiss
Hosby’s PCRA petition without a hearing, and granted PCRA counsel’s motion
to withdraw. Hosby filed a response on July 25, 2011. By order entered
December 7, 2011, the PCRA court dismissed the petition. Hosby filed a
timely appeal to this Court, and we affirmed in an unpublished memorandum
filed on December 14, 2012. Commonwealth v. Hosby, 64 A.2d 22 (Pa.
Super. 2012).
On March 28, 2016, Hosby filed a second pro se PCRA petition. The
PCRA court again appointed counsel, and PCRA counsel filed a motion to
withdraw. After issuing Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice and granting counsel’s
motion, the PCRA court, by order entered August 18, 2016, denied Hosby’s
second petition.
On December 23, 2016, Appellant filed the PCRA petition at issue, his
third. Appellant styled this filing as a “Petition Requesting an Evidentiary
Hearing and New Trial Based on After-Discovered Evidence that was
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Unavailable during Trial Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(vi) and Facts
that were Unknown Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii).” After issuing
Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice, the PCRA court dismissed the petition on April 17,
2017. Hosby filed a timely pro se appeal and, following a Grazier1 hearing,
the PCRA court appointed present counsel. Both Hosby and the PCRA court
have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant raises the following issue:
I. Whether the [PCRA] court erred in dismissing
[Hosby’s] [PCRA] petition when the Commonwealth
erroneously contended that [he] went back to the
vehicle and retrieved a firearm when in fact, [Hosby]
never returned to the vehicle to retrieve a firearm?
Hosby’s Brief at 5 (excess capitalization omitted).
This Court’s standard of review regarding an order dismissing a
petition under the PCRA is whether the determination of the PCRA court is
supported by the evidence of record and is free of legal error.
Commonwealth v. Halley, 870 A.2d 795, 799 n.2 (Pa. 2005). The PCRA
court’s findings will not be disturbed unless there is no support for the
findings in the certified record. Commonwealth v. Carr, 768 A.2d 1164,
1166 (Pa. Super. 2001). Moreover, a PCRA court may decline to hold a
hearing on the petition if the PCRA court determines that petitioner’s claim is
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1 Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998).
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patently frivolous and is without a trace of support in either the record or
from other evidence. Commonwealth v. Jordan, 772 A.2d 1011, 1104
(Pa. Super. 2001).
Because this is Appellant’s third petition for post-conviction relief, he
must meet a more stringent standard. “A second or any subsequent post-
conviction request for relief will not be entertained unless a strong prime
facie showing is offered to demonstrate that a miscarriage of justice may
have occurred.” Commonwealth v. Burkhardt, 833 A.2d 233, 236 (Pa.
Super. 2003) (en banc) (citations omitted). “A petitioner makes a prime
facie showing if he demonstrates that either the proceedings which resulted
in his conviction were so unfair that a miscarriage of justice occurred which
no civilized society could tolerate, or that he was innocent of the crimes for
which he was charged.” Id.The timeliness of a post-conviction petition is jurisdictional.
Commonwealth v. Hernandez, 79 A.3d 649, 651 (Pa. Super. 2013).
Generally, a petition for relief under the PCRA, including a second or
subsequent petition, must be filed within one year of the date the judgment
is final unless the petition alleges, and the petitioner proves, that an
exception to the time for filing the petition, set forth at 42 Pa.C.S.A. sections
9545(b)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii), is met.2 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545. A PCRA petition
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2 The exceptions to the timeliness requirement are:
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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invoking one of these statutory exceptions must “be filed within 60 days of
the date the claims could have been presented.” See Hernandez, 79 A.3d
651-52 (citations omitted); see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2). Finally,
exceptions to the PCRA’s time bar must be pled in the petition, and may not
be raised for the first time on appeal. Commonwealth v. Burton, 936
A.2d 521, 525 (Pa. Super. 2007); see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (providing that
issues not raised before the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for
the first time on appeal).
Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on August 25, 2009,
when the ninety-day time period for filing a writ of certiorari with the United
States Supreme Court expired. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3). Thus,
Appellant had until August 25, 2010, to file a timely PCRA petition. As
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference of government officials with the presentation of the
claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this
Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United States.
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown
to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the
exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in
this section and has been held by that court to apply
retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9545(b)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii).
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Appellant filed the instant petition in 2016, it is patently untimely unless he
has satisfied his burden of pleading and proving that one of the enumerated
exceptions applies. See Hernandez, supra.Within his brief, Hosby acknowledges that his latest petition is
untimely, but he asserts that he now possesses “exculpatory evidence [that]
was unavailable at the time of trial and would have changed the outcome of
the trial if it had been introduced.” Hosby’s Brief at 13. According to Hosby:
Following his direct appeal and timely PCRA Petition and
appeal, [Hosby] saw a fellow prisoner, Tyrelle Middleman,
who he knew from the neighborhood. Mr. Middleman
began to “comment about [Hosby] being incarcerated
pertaining to [Hosby] being hit over the head with a chair
and [Hosby] was curious about how he knew about this
event. In response, Mr. Middleman explained that he saw
what happened as he was approaching all the commotion
that night.”
Hosby’s Brief at 12. In making this argument, Hosby confuses eligibility for
the PCRA’s time bar exceptions, 42 Pa.C.S.A. sections 9545(b)(1)(i)(ii)(iii),
with the eligibility for relief, via a timely PCRA petition, based upon “after-
discovered evidence” pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. section 9543(a)(vi). Each of
these sections of the PCRA requires different analyses.
When considering a PCRA’s petitioner’s claim that he or she has
established an exception to the PCRA’s time bar under section
9545(b)(1)(ii), the petitioner must establish only that the facts upon which
the claim are predicated were unknown to him, and that he could not have
ascertained the facts earlier despite the exercise of due diligence.
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Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930 A.2d 1264, 1270-72 (Pa. 2007). The
determination of timeliness does not require a merits analysis.
Commonwealth v. Abu-Jamal, 941 A.2d 1263, 1268 (Pa. 2008).
The PCRA court concluded that Hosby’s allegation “that the
Commonwealth erroneously contended he went back to his vehicle and
retrieved a firearm when he in fact did not, does not constitute facts
unknown and not discoverable by due diligence that would permit review
[under] the PCRA.” PCRA Court Opinion, 9/25/17, at 3. We agree.
Appellant has not demonstrated the exercise of due diligence.
Although he asserts he filed his latest PCRA petition within sixty days of the
discovery of the information from Middleman, he offers no explanation as to
why, with the exercise of due diligence, this information could not have been
discovered earlier. Hosby stated that he was acquainted with Middleman
from the neighborhood, and the Commonwealth avers that both men were
housed in the same state institution for over two years before the meeting in
the prison yard. In addition, according to Mr. Middleman, he had witnessed
the “commotion” that preceded the shooting, and there is no evidence that,
with due diligence, Hosby could not have discovered Mr. Middleman’s
testimony prior to trial.
We could affirm the PCRA court’s order denying post-conviction relief
on this basis alone. See Commonwealth v. Doty, 48 A.3d 451, 456 ((Pa.
Super. 2012) (explaining that this Court can affirm the a PCRA court’s denial
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of post-conviction relief on any basis). Nevertheless, even if the PCRA court
had found Hosby met the timeliness exception for newly-discovered
evidence, we agree with the PCRA court’s ultimate conclusion that he did not
demonstrate he is entitled to post-conviction relief based upon Middleman’s
affidavit.
A petitioner is eligible for relief under the PCRA if he or she can
establish the “unavailability at the time of trial of exculpatory evidence that
has subsequently become available and would have changed the outcome of
the trial if it had been introduced.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(vi). This
Court has explained the test to be applied to such a claim as follows:
To obtain relief based on after-discovered evidence, an
appellant must demonstrate that the evidence: (1) could
not have been obtained prior to the conclusion of trial by
the exercise of reasonable due diligence; (2) is not merely
corroborative or cumulative; (3) will not be used solely to
impeach the credibility of a witness; and (4) would likely
result in a different verdict if a new trial were granted.
Commonwealth v. Foreman, 55 A.3d 532, 537 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation
omitted). “The test is conjunctive; the appellant must show by a
preponderance of the evidence that each of these factors has been met in
order for a new trial to be warranted.” Id. Moreover, “when reviewing the
decision to grant or deny a new trial on the basis of after-discovered
evidence, an appellate court is to determine whether the PCRA court
committed an abuse of discretion or error of law that controlled the outcome
of the case.” Id.-9-
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In concluding that Appellant failed to meet this burden, the PCRA court
reasoned:
The facts that [Hosby] contends are new are that he
was hit with a chair immediately before firing his gun
rather than going to his car to fetch a gun prior to being
hit with the chair. During trial, six witnesses testified that
[Hosby] and the victim engaged in an altercation that was
broken up, he then went to his car, and retrieved a gun.
[Hosby] returned [and engaged] in another altercation
with the victim who hit him with a chair; he then shot her.
The affidavit attached to [Hosby’s PCRA petition] alleges
that [Mr. Middleman] was walking towards the commotion
when he saw the victim hit [Hosby] with a chair and then
heard a pop sound. Nothing in this affidavit constitutes
new evidence. [Mr. Middleman does not aver that he was]
present for the entire series of events and indicates that he
only saw the last altercation. As such, his testimony sheds
no new light on when [Hosby] went to his car to retrieve
his gun.
PCRA Court Opinion, 9/25/17, at 3 (citations omitted).
Our review of the record supports the PCRA courts conclusions. In
addition, we note that, Mr. Middleman’s proffered testimony would only
serve to impeach the testimony of the six trial witnesses who testified to a
different sequence of events. Thus, Hosby’s claim fails. Foreman, supra.
In sum, for all of the above reasons, the PCRA court correctly
determined that Hosby was ineligible for post-conviction relief. We therefore
affirm the PCRA court’s order denying Hosby’s PCRA petition.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/2/2018
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