Com. v. Perrego, W. ( 2023 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
WILLIAM R. PERREGO :
:
Appellant : No. 994 MDA 2022
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered June 28, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-40-CR-0001402-2007
BEFORE: STABILE, J., DUBOW, J., and McCAFFERY, J.
MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED: MAY 26, 2023
Appellant, William R. Perrego, appeals pro se from the order entered
June 28, 2022, in the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County, denying his
petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§§ 9541-46. Upon review, we affirm.
The factual and procedural background of the instant appeal is not at
issue. See Commonwealth v. Perrego, No. 709 MDA 2008 (Pa. Super. filed
November 19, 2009) (unpublished memorandum) (direct appeal);
Commonwealth v. Perrego, No. 389 MDA 2013 (Pa. Super. January 30,
2014) (unpublished memorandum) (first PCRA petition). Briefly, on March 5,
2008, following a bench trial, the trial court found Appellant guilty of third-
degree murder for beating Lewis Jones to death. On the same day, Appellant
was sentenced to a mandatory term of life in prison pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9715.
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On November 19, 2009, we affirmed the judgment of sentence.
Perrego, No. 709 MDA 2008. The Supreme Court denied Appellant’s petition
for allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v. Perrego, No. 973 MAL 2009
(Pa. filed May 28, 2010). The United States Supreme Court denied Appellant’s
petition for writ of certiorari on October 12, 2010. Perrego v. Pennsylvania,
562 U.S. 968 (2010).
In April 2011, Appellant filed a timely PCRA petition alleging, inter alia,
that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to call a blood spatter expert. After
holding a hearing on the PCRA petition, on January 18, 2013, the PCRA court
denied Appellant’s first PCRA petition, as supplemented by appointed counsel.
While the first PCRA petition was still pending, on May 17, 2012,
appointed PCRA counsel filed a request to appoint an expert in the field of
blood spatter,1 which the PCRA court denied on July 3, 2012, after holding a
hearing on the above request. The PCRA court denied the request because
Appellant failed to identify a blood spatter expert or provide the PCRA court
with any evidence that such an expert existed or was prepared to testify on
Appellant’s behalf.
On appeal, Appellant argued that the PCRA court erred in not granting
his request for the appointment of a blood spatter expert, and that the PCRA
court erred in not finding trial counsel ineffective for failing to call a blood
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1 In support of the request, counsel stated that “an expert will be able to
definitely comment on how the blood got on one of the witnesses[,] and this
will exonerate [Appellant].” Motion to Appoint Expert, 5/17/12, at 1.
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spatter expert. We affirmed the order of the PCRA court. Perrego, No. 389
MDA 2013. Our Supreme Court denied Appellant’s petition for allowance of
appeal. Commonwealth v. Perrego, No. 136 MAL 2014 (Pa. filed July 23,
2014).
On March 31, 2022, Appellant filed the instant PCRA petition in which
he claims that Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381 (Pa. 2021), allows
him to overcome the PCRA’s timeliness requirements by making a layered
claim of ineffectiveness against his counsel. He also raised an “as applied”
constitutional challenge to the PCRA’s one-year jurisdictional time limit.
The PCRA court appointed counsel to review Appellant’s PCRA petition
and to file an amended PCRA petition if necessary. Subsequently, appointed
counsel filed a Turner/Finley2 letter advising the PCRA court that Appellant’s
PCRA petition was untimely and should be dismissed.
On June 1, 2022, the PCRA court filed a notice to dismiss Appellant’s
petition under Pa.R.Crim. 907, noting, inter alia, that Bradley did not
announce a constitutional right and, even if it did, that right was not ruled to
be retroactive. After granting counsel’s petition to withdraw, on June 28,
2022, the PCRA court issued a final order dismissing Appellant’s PCRA petition.
This appeal followed.
On appeal, Appellant raises several claims for our review. However,
some of the claims were not raised in his PCRA petition. As such, we cannot
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2Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988) and Commonwealth
v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).
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review them for the first time on appeal.3 Accordingly, our analysis is limited
to two claims Appellant properly raised in his PCRA petition at issue here.
Appellant claims that (i) the underlying PCRA petition is timely under Bradley,
and (ii) the PCRA timeliness requirements are unfair as applied to him. See
Notice of Intention to Dismiss, 6/1/22, at 3-5.
When reviewing the propriety of an order pertaining to PCRA relief,
we consider the record in the light most favorable to the prevailing
party at the PCRA level. This Court is limited to determining
whether the evidence of record supports the conclusions of the
PCRA court and whether the ruling is free of legal error. We grant
great deference to the PCRA court’s findings that are supported in
the record and will not disturb them unless they have no support
in the certified record. However, we afford no such deference to
the post-conviction court’s legal conclusions. We thus apply a de
novo standard of review to the PCRA [c]ourt’s legal conclusions.
Commonwealth v. Diaz, 183 A.3d 417, 421 (Pa. Super. 2018).
All PCRA petitions, “including a second or subsequent petition, shall be
filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes final” unless an
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3 Appellant points out that the PCRA court did not order him to file a statement
pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Even if those claims had been included in a
1925(b), they would be nonetheless waived as new claims cannot be raised
for the first time in a 1925(b) statement. See Commonwealth v.
Washington, 927 A.2d 586, 601 (Pa. 2007) (“[a]ny claim not raised in the
PCRA petition is waived and not cognizable on appeal”); see also
Commonwealth v. Melendez-Rodriguez, 856 A.2d 1278, 1288 (Pa. Super.
2004) (“A party cannot rectify the failure to preserve an issue by proffering it
in response to a Rule 1925(b) order”) (citation omitted).
We also note that, even if included in the underlying PCRA petition and
Appellant’s 1925(b) statement, we would not be able to entertain them
because, as explained infra, Appellant failed to prove the timeliness of his
PCRA petition.
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exception to timeliness applies. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). 4 “The PCRA’s
time restrictions are jurisdictional in nature. Thus, if a PCRA petition is
untimely, neither this Court nor the [PCRA] court has jurisdiction over the
petition. Without jurisdiction, we simply do not have the legal authority to
address the substantive claims.” Commonwealth v. (Frank) Chester, 895
A.2d 520, 522 (Pa. 2006) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted)
(overruled on other grounds by Commonwealth v. Small, 238 A.3d 1267(Pa. 2020)). As timeliness is separate and distinct from the merits of
Appellant’s underlying claims, we first determine whether this PCRA petition
is timely filed. Commonwealth v. Stokes, 959 A.2d 306, 310 (Pa. 2008).
If it is not timely, we cannot address the substantive claims raised in the
petition. Id.Appellant is fully aware that the instant petition is facially untimely.5
However, he claims that he meets the new constitutional right timeliness
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4 The one-year time limitation can be overcome if a petitioner (1) alleges and
proves one of the three exceptions set forth in Section 9545(b)(1), and (2)
files a petition raising this exception within one year of the date the claim
could have been presented, see 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2). At issue here is
the newly recognized right exception. The one-year time bar can be overcome
if “the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by the
Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
after the time period provided in this section and has been held by that court
to apply retroactively.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).
5 Appellant was sentenced on March 5, 2008. We affirmed Appellant’s
judgment of sentence on November 19, 2009. Our Supreme Court denied
Appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal on May 28, 2010. The United
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exception. Specifically, Appellant believes that our Supreme Court in Bradley
announced a new constitutional rule that allows PCRA petitioners to raise
claims of ineffective assistance of counsel at any time, even on appeal. Under
Bradley, he asserts, he can overcome the untimeliness of the instant petition
by making a layered claim of ineffective assistance against his prior counsel.
To this end, Appellant argues that all prior counsel were ineffective for not
pursuing (second PCRA counsel) or for failing to properly pursue (first PCRA
counsel) the appointment of a blood spatter expert.
Reliance on Bradley for purposes of overcoming the untimeliness of the
underlying PCRA petition is misplaced. In Bradley, our Supreme Court
extended the opportunity for a PCRA petitioner to raise claims of PCRA
counsel’s ineffectiveness. Previously, “the sole method by which a petitioner
c[ould] challenge the ineffectiveness of his PCRA counsel [wa]s through the
filing of a response to the PCRA court’s Rule 907 dismissal notice.” Bradley,
261 A.3d at 386. The Bradley Court abandoned that approach, holding “that
a PCRA petitioner may, after a PCRA court denies relief, and after obtaining
new counsel or acting pro se, raise claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness
at the first opportunity to do so, even if on appeal.” Id. at 401.
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States Supreme Court denied Appellant’s petition for writ of certiorari on
October 12, 2010. Appellant then had one year to file a timely PCRA petition,
i.e., until October 12, 2011. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). The underlying
petition, which he filed on March 31, 2022, is, therefore, facially untimely.
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Bradley, however, did not announce a new constitutional right, much
less one applicable retroactively. Id. at 406 (Dougherty, J. concurring)
(“Importantly, our decision today does not create an exception to the PCRA’s
jurisdictional time-bar”); Commonwealth v. Dixon, 2022 WL 17973240 (Pa.
Super. 2022) (unpublished memorandum) (holding Bradley does not trigger
the timeliness exception at Section 9545(b)(1)(iii)).
Furthermore, this Court has continually declined to extend the holding
of Bradley to cases involving untimely petitions, like the instant one. See,
e.g., Commonwealth v. Mead, 2022 WL 984604 (Pa. Super. 2022)
(unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, 284 A.3d 118 (Pa. 2022)
(emphasizing that Bradley involved a timely first PCRA petition and did not
apply to appellant’s appeal from order denying his untimely petition);
Commonwealth v. Morton, 2023 WL 118686 (Pa. Super. 2023)
(unpublished memorandum) (holding that appellant’s reliance on Bradley
does not afford relief in his appeal from the denial of his untimely second PCRA
petition); Commonwealth v. Gurdine, 2022 WL 576155 (Pa. Super. 2022)
(same).
Thus, to the extent Appellant relies on Bradley to overcome the
untimeliness of the underlying petition, such reliance is misplaced.
Accordingly, we agree with the PCRA court’s conclusion that the underlying
PCRA petition is facially untimely, and that Appellant has failed to plead and
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prove the applicability of the new constitutional right exception to the time
bar.
Appellant nonetheless argues that PCRA time restrictions are
unconstitutional as applied to him. While the claim is difficult to discern in
Appellant’s 63-page appellate brief, it appears that Appellant is arguing the
time restrictions to challenge PCRA counsel’s effectiveness are
unconstitutional as applied to him. We disagree.
Our Supreme Court has explained:
We have repeatedly found the PCRA’s time restrictions constitutional.
See Commonwealth v. Cruz, 852 A.2d 287, 292 ([Pa.] 2004) (“this
Court has held that the PCRA’s time restriction is constitutionally
valid.”); Commonwealth v. Robinson, 837 A.2d 1157, 1161 (Pa.
2003) (“We have … recognized that the PCRA’s time restriction is
constitutionally valid”). We have held, however, that just because the
PCRA is generally constitutional does not mean it is constitutional as
applied to a particular petitioner. See [Commonwealth v. Bennett,
930 A.2d 1264, 1274 (Pa. 2007)]. There is no federal constitutional
guarantee of post-conviction collateral relief and the procedural due
process protections in such proceedings are less stringent than either a
criminal trial or direct appeal. Id. (citing Pennsylvania v. Finley, 481
U.S. 551 (1987)). Due process requires that the PCRA process is
fundamentally fair. Id. ([citation omitted]). “Thus, petitioners must be
given the opportunity for the presentation of claims at a meaningful time
and in a meaningful manner.” Id.Commonwealth v. Wharton, 263 A.3d 561, 570 (Pa. Super. 2021).
Here, Appellant has failed to demonstrate how the PCRA’s time bar
requirements are fundamentally unfair as applied to him. The record reflects
that Appellant was given an opportunity for the presentation of his claims at
a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner before the PCRA court.
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To the extent Appellant focuses on the first PCRA counsel’s alleged
errors, it is worth noting that Appellant could have challenged first PCRA
counsel’s stewardship in a timely manner by simply filing a response to the
notice of intent to dismiss. However, he did not do so. Instead, he raised the
issue on appeal for the first time. We refused to address the issue because,
under the law existing at the time, PCRA counsel’s effectiveness could not be
raised for the first time on appeal. Appellant waited approximately 10 years
before challenging first PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness again.
In light of the forgoing, Appellant has failed to show that the PCRA’s
timeliness requirements are fundamentally unfair as applied to him.
Therefore, the PCRA’s timeliness requirements are not unconstitutional as
applied to Appellant and the PCRA court correctly determined the current
petition was untimely.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/26/2023
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