Com. v. Gray, T. ( 2023 )

J-S11038-23
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
TARIK GRAY A/K/A JAMAL MOMENT :
:
Appellant : No. 3039 EDA 2022
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered November 10, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0015089-2007
BEFORE: OLSON, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and KING, J.
MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.: FILED AUGUST 8, 2023
Appellant, Tarik Gray a/k/a Jamal Moment, appeals pro se from the
order entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, which
dismissed his second petition brought pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief
Act (“PCRA”).1 We affirm.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows:
On August 31, 2007, [Appellant] was arrested and charged
with [m]urder and related charges. On March 23, 2009,
after a jury convicted [Appellant], [the trial court]
sentenced [Appellant] to life imprisonment without the
possibility of parole for the charge of [f]irst-[d]egree
[m]urder and concurrent terms of imprisonment of twenty
to forty years for both charges of [a]ttempted [m]urder, and
two and a half years to five years for [p]ossession of an
[i]nstrument of [c]rime.1
1 All other charges were nolle prossed.
____________________________________________
1 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
J-S11038-23
On February 23, 2010, [this Court] affirmed [Appellant’s]
[j]udgment of [s]entence. On January 3, 2011, the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania denied [Appellant’s]
[p]etition for [a]llowance of [a]ppeal. [See
Commonwealth v. Gray, 996 A.2d 6 (Pa.Super. 2010)
(unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, 609 Pa. 684,
14 A.3d 824 (2011).]
On August 13, 2012, [Appellant] filed a pro se [PCRA]
[p]etition, his first. On May 29, 2015, after appointed
counsel filed a no merit letter pursuant to Commonwealth
v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1988), this [c]ourt filed
a [n]otice of [i]ntent to [d]ismiss pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P.
907. On July 2, 2015, this [c]ourt dismissed the petition
and [Appellant] did not appeal.
On September 29, 2022, [Appellant] filed a pro se PCRA
[p]etition, his second. On October 19, 2022, this [c]ourt
issued a [n]otice of [i]ntent to [d]ismiss pursuant to
Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. On October 28, 2022, [Appellant] filed a
response.
(PCRA Court Opinion, filed 11/10/22, at 1-2). On November 10, 2022, the
PCRA court denied relief. Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal on
November 18, 2022, along with a voluntary Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of
errors complained of on appeal.
Appellant now raises two issues for our review:
Whether the PCRA [c]ourt [m]isapprehended the [l]aw by
denying Appellant[’s] PCRA [P]etition, under government
interference by government officials as founded at 42
Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9545 (b)(1)(i) and established under
Commonwealth v. Bradley, [___ Pa. ___, 261 A.3d 381(2021).]
Whether Appellant[’s] PCRA counsel [was] ineffective for
failing to recognize the merit of Appellant’s claim that trial
counsel was constitutionally ineffective for failing to object
to the reasonable doubt jury instruction.
-2-
J-S11038-23
(Appellant’s Brief at vi).
In his first issue, Appellant argues that his PCRA counsel was ineffective
in connection with litigation of his first PCRA petition. Appellant asserts that
he had a rule-based right to receive effective assistance of counsel for his first
PCRA petition. Appellant complains that PCRA counsel improperly filed a “no-
merit” letter even though Appellant had meritorious claims of trial counsel’s
ineffectiveness for the court’s review. Appellant acknowledges that he did not
challenge PCRA counsel’s effectiveness in response to the court’s issuance of
Rule 907 notice or in an appeal from the PCRA court order denying relief on
his first PCRA petition. Appellant insists, however, that nothing in Rule 907
informs an appellant that a failure to respond to the notice with a challenge
to PCRA counsel’s effectiveness results in waiver of that claim. Appellant relies
on our Supreme Court’s decision in Bradley, supra, which Appellant suggests
satisfies the “governmental interference” exception to the PCRA’s time-bar,
alleging that our Supreme Court recently decided that PCRA petitioners are
not required to challenge PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness in response to Rule
907 notice. Appellant concludes that he satisfied a timeliness exception and
the PCRA court erred by dismissing his second petition as untimely. We
disagree.
The timeliness of a PCRA petition is a jurisdictional requisite.
Commonwealth v. Hackett, 598 Pa. 350, 956 A.2d 978 (2008), cert.
denied, 556 U.S. 1285, 129 S.Ct. 2772, 174 L.Ed.2d 277 (2009).
-3-
J-S11038-23
Pennsylvania law makes clear that no court has jurisdiction to hear an
untimely PCRA petition. Commonwealth v. Robinson, 575 Pa. 500, 837
A.2d 1157 (2003). The PCRA requires a petition, including a second or
subsequent petition, to be filed within one year of the date the underlying
judgment of sentence becomes final. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). A judgment
of sentence is final “at the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary
review in the Supreme Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9545(b)(3).
To obtain merits review of a PCRA petition filed more than one year after
the judgment of sentence became final, the petitioner must allege and prove
at least one of the three timeliness exceptions:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the
result of interference by government officials with the
presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution or
laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of
the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period
provided in this section and has been held by that court to
apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). Generally, “a claim of ineffective assistance
of counsel does not provide an exception to the PCRA time bar.”
-4-
J-S11038-23
Commonwealth v. Sims, 251 A.3d 445, 448 (Pa.Super. 2021), appeal
denied, ___ Pa. ___, 265 A.3d 194 (2021).
Our Supreme Court’s decision in Bradley expressly held “that a PCRA
petitioner may, after a PCRA court denies relief, and after obtaining new
counsel or acting pro se, raise claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness at the
first opportunity to do so, even if on appeal.” Bradley, supra at __, 261 A.3d
at 401 (internal footnote omitted). Nevertheless, Bradley involved
ineffectiveness claims that the petitioner raised on direct appeal following the
dismissal of a timely, first PCRA petition. The Bradley Court noted that “an
approach favoring the consideration of ineffectiveness claims of PCRA counsel
on appeal (if the first opportunity to do so) does not sanction extra-statutory
serial petitions.” Id. at ___, 261 A.3d at 403.
Moreover, in his concurrence, Justice Dougherty emphasized:
Importantly, our decision today does not create an
exception to the PCRA’s jurisdictional time-bar, such that a
petitioner represented by the same counsel in the PCRA
court and on PCRA appeal could file an untimely successive
PCRA petition challenging initial PCRA counsel’s
ineffectiveness because it was his “first opportunity to so.”
Id. at ___, 261 A.3d at 406 (Justice Dougherty concurring). Consequently,
this Court has declined to extend the holding of Bradley to cases involving
untimely or serial petitions. See Commonwealth v. Mead, 277 A.3d 1111(Pa.Super. 2022) (unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, ___ Pa. ___,
284 A.3d 1182 (2022) (emphasizing that Bradley involved timely first PCRA
petition and did not apply to appellant’s appeal from order denying his
-5-
J-S11038-23
untimely petition); Commonwealth v. Coto, 272 A.3d 461 (Pa.Super. 2022)
(unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, ___ Pa. ___, 284 A.3d 449(2022) (declining to remand case for further development of record where
appellant sought to challenge first PCRA counsel’s effectiveness on appeal
from order dismissing second PCRA petition; appellant did not raise claims of
PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness at first possible opportunity).2
Instantly, our Supreme Court denied Appellant’s petition for allowance
of appeal on January 3, 2011. Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final
90 days later, on or around April 3, 2011, after expiration of his time to file a
petition for writ of certiorari with the United State Supreme Court. See
U.S.Sup.Ct.R. 13 (stating petitioner has 90 days to file petition for writ of
certiorari with United States Supreme Court); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3).
Thus, Appellant had one year from that date to file a timely PCRA petition.
See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). Appellant did not file the instant PCRA petition
until September 29, 2022, which is patently untimely.
Although Appellant purports to cite the “governmental interference”
exception to the PCRA’s time-bar, his proffered exception relying on Bradley
is more properly construed as pleading the “new constitutional right”
exception at Section 9545(b)(1)(iii). Notwithstanding Appellant’s reliance on
Bradley, our review of the relevant case law confirms that Bradley does not
____________________________________________
2 See Pa.R.A.P. 126(b) (stating this Court may cite to and rely on for
persuasive value unpublished decisions of this Court filed after May 1, 2019).
-6-
J-S11038-23
create an avenue for Appellant to challenge prior counsels’ effectiveness in
this untimely petition.3 See Bradley, supra; Mead, supra; Coto, supra.
Accordingly, we affirm the order dismissing Appellant’s current PCRA petition.
Order affirmed.
Judge McLaughlin joins this memorandum.
Judge Olson concurs in the result.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/8/2023
____________________________________________
3 Appellant alleges both PCRA counsel’s and trial counsel’s ineffectiveness.
Based on our decision that Appellant has not satisfied a time-bar exception,
we do not reach Appellant’s second issue concerning the merits of his
ineffectiveness claims. We reiterate that claims of ineffective assistance of
counsel generally do not meet a PCRA time-bar exception. See Sims, supra.
-7-