Com. v. Krombel, J. ( 2023 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JOSEPH CHRISTOPHER KROMBEL :
:
Appellant : No. 2751 EDA 2022
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered October 20, 2022,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Wayne County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-64-CR-0000313-2020.
BEFORE: DUBOW, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED AUGUST 29, 2023
Joseph Christopher Krombel appeals from the judgment of sentence
imposed following his plea of nolo contendere to two counts of aggravated
indecent assault of a child – victim less than 13 years old1 and to one count
of corruption of minors.2 Following the Sexual Offenders Assessment Board’s
report, the trial court determined that Krombel met the criteria to be classified
as a Sexually Violent Predator.3 Krombel’s counsel filed an application to
withdraw from representation and an accompanying brief pursuant to Anders
v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744 (1967). Upon review, we grant counsel’s
petition, and affirm the judgment of sentence.
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3125(a)(7)
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6301(a)(1)(i).
3 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.53.
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In November 2020, Krombel was charged with a number of offenses
relating to the sexual abuse of his three stepchildren. The oldest child reported
that between 2017 and 2020, Krombel abused the stepchildren repeatedly,
and that he would show them pornography, and directed them to perform
sexual acts. In May 2022, Krombel entered a plea of nolo contendere to the
three counts listed above.
Krombel was evaluated by the Sexual Offenders Assessment Board
(SOAB) and a hearing was held on October 20, 2022 to determine whether
Krombel should be classified as a Sexually Violent Predator (SVP), pursuant
to the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA II). Following
the SVP hearing, the trial court classified Krombel as an SVP, and it imposed
an aggregate sentence of 126-300 months of incarceration, and a consecutive
six-year probationary term. It further determined that Krombel was a Tier III
offender, and subject to a lifetime registration. Krombel timely filed this direct
appeal, raising the sole issue of whether his SVP designation was proper.
Counsel for Krombel has filed an Anders Brief, seeking to withdraw as
counsel.
Before we may consider the issues raised in the Anders brief, we must
first consider counsel’s petition to withdraw from representation. See
Commonwealth v. Garang, 9 A.3d 237, 240 (Pa. Super. 2010) (holding
that, when presented with an Anders brief, this Court may not review the
merits of the underlying issues without first passing on the request to
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withdraw). Pursuant to Anders, when counsel believes an appeal is frivolous
and wishes to withdraw from representation, counsel must do the following:
(1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that after
making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
determined the appeal would be frivolous; (2) file a brief referring
to any issues that might arguably support the appeal, but which
does not resemble a no-merit letter; and (3) furnish a copy of the
brief to the defendant and advise him of his right to retain new
counsel, proceed pro se, or raise any additional points he deems
worthy of this Court's attention.
Commonwealth v. Edwards, 906 A.2d 1225, 1227 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(citation omitted). In Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa.
2009), our Supreme Court addressed the second requirement of Anders, i.e.,
the contents of an Anders brief, and required that the brief:
(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
citations to the record;
(2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
supports the appeal;
(3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and
(4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is
frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record,
controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the
conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Once counsel has satisfied the Anders
requirements, it is then this Court’s responsibility “to conduct a simple review
of the record to ascertain if there appear on its face to be arguably meritorious
issues that counsel, intentionally or not, missed or misstated.”
Commonwealth v. Dempster, 187 A.3d 266, 272 (Pa. Super. 2018).
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Here, counsel has complied with each of the requirements of Anders.
Counsel indicated that she reviewed the record and concluded that Krombel’s
appeal is frivolous. Further, the Anders brief substantially comports with the
requirements set forth by our Supreme Court in Santiago. Finally, the record
included a copy of the letter that counsel sent to Krombel stating counsel’s
intention to seek permission to withdraw and advising Krombel of his right to
proceed pro se or retain new counsel and file additional claims.4 Accordingly,
as counsel has complied with the procedural requirements for withdrawing
from representation, we will conduct an independent review to determine
whether Krombel’s appeal is wholly frivolous.
In the Anders brief, counsel sets forth one issue that Krombel wishes
to raise: Whether “the court erred in deeming [Krombel] to be a sexually
violent predator.” Anders Brief at 6. We review an SVP designation to
determine whether the Commonwealth presented clear and convincing
evidence that the defendant meets the statutory definition of an SVP.
____________________________________________
4 Initially, counsel’s letter to Krombel was defective, because she stated that
“If my motion to withdraw is granted, you will then have the option of
proceeding forward with this appeal pro se, or you may elect to hire private
counsel to assist you in this matter.” (Emphasis added). The letter improperly
framed Krombel’s ability to respond to counsel’s petition to withdraw and
Anders Brief as contingent on the granting of the petition. By per curiam
order, this Court directed counsel to file seven copies of an amended letter
addressed and mailed to Krombel advising him of his immediate right to
retain new counsel to pursue the appeal, proceed pro se on appeal, or raise
any additional points that Krombel deems worthy of our attention. Counsel
complied.
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Commonwealth v. Hollingshead, 111 A.3d 186, 189 (Pa. Super. 2015).
“The clear and convincing standard requires evidence that is so clear, direct,
weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear
conviction, without hesitancy, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.”
Commonwealth v. Morgan, 16 A.3d 1165, 1168 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citation
omitted). In reviewing an SVP determination, this Court may not re-weigh
the factors relied on by the fact-finder. Morgan, 16 A.3d at 1173. “As with
any sufficiency of the evidence claim, we view all evidence and reasonable
inferences therefrom in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth.”
Hollingshead, 111 A.3d at 189. An “expert’s opinion, which is rendered to a
reasonable degree of professional certainty, is itself evidence.”
Commonwealth v. Fuentes, 991 A.2d 935, 944 (Pa. Super. 2010) (en
banc).
Section 9799.58 sets forth the procedure under SORNA II for
determining whether an individual, following a conviction, should be classified
as an SVP. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.58. Upon the praecipe filed by the district
attorney, the court shall schedule a hearing. § 9799.58(e)(1). The individual
must receive notice and be provided with an opportunity to be heard, including
the right to call and cross-examine witnesses. § 9799.58(e)(2). The individual
has the right to counsel, and the right to call expert witnesses. Id. At the
hearing prior to sentencing, the court shall determine whether the
Commonwealth has proved by clear and convincing evidence that the
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individual is an SVP. § 9799.58(e)(3). The individual is entitled to receive a
copy of that determination. § 9799.58(e)(4).
Section 9799.53 defines a sexually violent predator as follows :
“Sexually violent predator.” Subject to section 9799.75
(relating to construction of subchapter), a person who has
been convicted of a sexually violent offense and who is
determined to be a sexually violent predator under section
9799.58 (relating to assessments) due to a mental
abnormality or personality disorder that makes the person
likely to engage in predatory sexually violent offenses or
who has ever been determined by a court to have a mental
abnormality or personality disorder that makes the person
likely to engage in predatory sexually violent offenses under
a former sexual offender registration law of this
Commonwealth. The term includes an individual determined
to be a sexually violent predator where the determination
occurred in the United States or one of its territories or
possessions, another state, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a foreign nation or by court
martial.
§ 9799.53.
SOAB evaluators must consider the following factors when performing
SVP assessments:
(1) Facts of the current offense, including:
(i) Whether the offense involved multiple victims.
(ii) Whether the individual exceeded the means
necessary to achieve the offense.
(iii) The nature of the sexual contact with the victim.
(iv) Relationship of the individual to the victim.
(v) Age of the victim.
(vi) Whether the offense included a display of unusual
cruelty by the individual during the commission of the
crime.
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(vii) The mental capacity of the victim.
(2) Prior offense history, including:
(i) The individual's prior criminal record.
(ii) Whether the individual completed any prior
sentences.
(iii) Whether the individual participated in available
programs for sexual offenders.
(3) Characteristics of the individual, including:
(i) Age of the individual.
(ii) Use of illegal drugs by the individual.
(iii) A mental illness, mental disability or mental
abnormality.
(iv) Behavioral characteristics that contribute to the
individual's conduct.
(4) Factors that are supported in a sexual offender
assessment field as criteria reasonably related to the risk of
reoffense.
§ 9799.58(b)
At the October 20, 2022 hearing, the sentencing court heard testimony
from a member of the SOAB, Dr. Mary Muscari, who was qualified as an expert
for the Commonwealth. The evaluator rendered her opinion with a reasonable
degree of professional certainty that Krombel met the criteria to be classified
as an SVP. Krombel’s offenses included multiple victims, multiple incidents
over time. The age ranges of the victims were: 8-11 years old; 7-10 years
old; and 3-6 years old. The evaluator determined that Krombel met the
criteria for Pedophilic Disorder, as set forth in the Diagnostic and Statistical
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Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. The Pedophilic Disorder is
concerned a “lifetime disorder.” The evaluator further testified:
In spite of knowing what he was doing was wrong, as
evidence by his telling the victims not to tell, Mr. Krombel
repeatedly engaged in sexual behavior with three
prepubertal children. His condition overrode his
emotional/volitional control.
N.T., 10/20/22, at 8
The evaluator opined within a reasonable degree of professional
certainty that Krombel suffered from Mental Abnormality/Personality Disorder
as defined in Section 9799.54. Finally, the evaluator opined that Krombel met
the predatory criterion; in his role as the victims’ stepfather, he abused and
altered his relationship by grooming the victims and prompted the relationship
to facilitate victimization and sexually assaulted them over a period of years.
Id. The court agreed with the evaluator’s professional opinion. In viewing
this evidence in a light most favorable to the Commonwealth, we find no merit
in Krombel’s claim that the court erred in determining that he is an SVP.
Finally, in accordance with Dempster, we have independently reviewed
the certified record to determine if there are any non-frivolous issues that
counsel may have overlooked. Having found none, we agree that the appeal
is wholly frivolous. Consequently, we grant counsel’s petition to withdraw and
affirm the judgment of sentence.
Petition to withdraw granted. Judgment of sentence affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/29/2023
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