Estate of: Netzel, M., Appeal of: Kahler, L. ( 2023 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37
IN RE: ESTATE OF MARY ELLEN : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
NETZEL, DECEASED : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: LAURA KAHLER :
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: No. 984 WDA 2022
Appeal from the Order Entered August 2, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Orphans' Court at
No(s): 02-20-06212
BEFORE: STABILE, J., SULLIVAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY SULLIVAN, J.: FILED: August 11, 2023
Laura Kahler (“Kahler”) appeals from the order granting summary
judgment in favor of Michael G. Netzel, Sr. (“Michael”) and Carol J. Phelps
(“Carol”) (collectively, “Appellees”) and concluding that Kahler lacked standing
to contest a 2019 will. Appellees have also filed a motion to dismiss this
appeal.1 We affirm the trial court’s order and deny Appellees’ motion.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 See Appellees’ Motion to Dismiss and Quash Kahler’s Appeal, 3/9/23, at 5
(noting that Kahler: (1) “totally failed to file a designation of the reproduced
record[;]” (2) “failed to file a timely designation of the reproduced record[;]”
(3) “failed to file a timely reproduced record[;]” and (4) “failed to make a
single citation to the record”). Although Kahler’s brief and reproduced records
are deficient in these regards, we conclude that they do not impede
meaningful appellate review. See Clark v. Peugh, 257 A.3d 1260, 1264 n.1
(Pa. Super. 2021), appeal denied, 268 A.3d 1079 (Pa. 2021); see also
Pa.R.A.P. 2101.
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We summarize the facts and procedural history of this matter from the
record. Kahler and Mary Ellen Netzel (“Mary Ellen”) were sisters born to
Margret Ann Conboy (“Conboy”).2 Mary Ellen married Charles Netzel, III
(“Charles”). They did not have children. Kahler has two children, Christine
and Carolyn Kahler, i.e., Mary Ellen’s nieces. Appellees Michael and Carol are
Charles’s siblings, i.e., Mary Ellen’s brother- and sister-in-law.
In 1987, Mary Ellen executed a will (“the 1987 will”) that named Kahler
and Michael as co-executors of her estate. See Mary Ellen’s 1987 Will, 4/7/87,
at 3. The 1987 will bequeathed Mary Ellen’s entire estate to her husband,
Charles. See id. at 2. The 1987 will provided specific instructions that if
Charles predeceased Mary Ellen, then: (1) Mary Ellen’s home in Franklin Park
Borough (“the Franklin Park home”) would go to her mother, Conboy; (2) her
grandfather clock would go Kahler’s daughter, Christine; (3) her silver, crystal,
and Lennox china would go to Kahler’s daughter, Carolyn; (4) her
automobiles, appliances, and other furnishings would go to Michael; and (5)
the residue would be divided among Conboy, Michael, and Mary Ellen’s
mother-in-law. See id. at 2-3. The 1987 will included further instructions
that if Mary Ellen’s mother-in-law predeceased Mary Ellen, then Michael would
get her share of the residue. See id. at 3. The 1987 will did not provide
instructions if Conboy predeceased Mary Ellen. See id. 2-3. Conboy died in
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2 The trial court referred to Kahler as Mary Ellen’s niece.
However, the record
and briefs confirm that Kahler and Mary Ellen were sisters.
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February 2019. Although not discussed at length by the parties, it appears
that Mary Ellen’s mother-in-law also predeceased Mary Ellen.
In May 2019, Mary Ellen executed a new will (“the 2019 will”), which
named Appellees as co-executors of her estate. See Mary Ellen’s 2019 Will,
5/19/19, at 3. The 2019 will bequeathed her entire estate to her husband,
Charles, and provided that if Charles predeceased her, then her estate would
go to Appellees in equal shares. See id. at 2. The 2019 will revoked any
prior will. See id. at 1. The 2019 will did not mention Kahler.
Charles died one day after Mary Ellen signed the 2019 will. Mary Ellen
died in October 2020. In November 2020, Appellees petitioned for letters
testamentary based on the 2019 will. The register of wills admitted the 2019
will to probate and issued letters, and Appellees issued notices of estate
administration upon potential beneficiaries, including Kahler. In May 2021,
Kahler filed a notice of intent to appeal the admission of the 2019 will into
probate and the issuance of letters testamentary to Appellees. In July 2021,
Kahler filed a petition for citation sur appeal challenging Mary Ellen’s
competence when she signed the 2019 will and Appellees’ undue influence.
The trial court issued a citation, and Appellees filed an answer and new matter,
which they subsequently amended to include a copy of the 1987 will as an
exhibit.3 Appellees’ amended answer and new matter asserted that Kahler
lacked standing to challenge the 2019 will.
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3 Kahler asserts that she was unaware of the 1987 will before the instant
litigation.
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Appellees moved for summary judgment arguing that Kahler lacked
standing because: (1) she was not a beneficiary under the 2019 will; (2) she
was not a beneficiary under the 1987 will; and (3) her status as a co-executor
of the 1987 will did not confer her a sufficient benefit or interest to challenge
the 2019 will. See Appellees’ Motion for Summary Judgment, 5/17/22, at 1;
Appellees’ Brief in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment, 5/17/22, at 9,
15, 25 (unnumbered). Appellees cited In re Estate of Briskman, 808 A.2d
928, 931 (Pa. Super. 2002), which held that a party’s contingent interests in
a prior will did not give the party standing to challenge a subsequent will, and
In re Thompson’s Estate, 206 A.2d 21, 24 (Pa. 1965), which noted that
status as an executor of a will alone did not establish standing to challenge a
codicil. See Appellees’ Brief in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment,
5/17/22, at 15, 25.4
Kahler responded that she had a substantial, direct, and immediate
interest because she was named as a co-executor of the 1987 will. Kahler
asserted that the specific bequests in the 1987 will to Conboy and Kahler’s
daughter expressed a clear intent to keep the Franklin Park home in the
Conboy side of Mary Ellen’s family, and Kahler thus had an interest as a trustee
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4 In support of their claim that Kahler lacked an interest in the estate,
Appellees asserted that because Conboy predeceased Mary Ellen, the Franklin
Park home would have become part of the residue of the 1987 will pursuant
to the Anti-Lapse Statute, 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 2514, and Michael would have been
entitled to the entire residue. See Appellees’ Brief in Support of Motion for
Summary Judgment, 5/17/22, at 16-19 (unnumbered) (discussing 20
Pa.C.S.A. § 2514(9), (10), and (11)).
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or fiduciary to manage Mary Ellen’s estate ensure that occurred. See Kahler’s
Brief in Opposition to Appellees’ Motion for Summary Judgment, 6/16/22, at
8.
The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Appellees on
August 1, 2022. The trial court reasoned that Kahler did not have a sufficient
interest to challenge the 2019 will.5 See Trial Court Order and Opinion,
8/1/22, at 4, 6. Kahler filed a motion for reconsideration, which the trial court
denied, and she timely appealed the August 1, 2022 order. The trial court did
not order a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement and adopted its August 1, 2022 order
and opinion as dispositive of all issues.
Kahler presents the following issues for review:
Did the trial court err in reaching its finding that . . . Kahler lacked
standing to challenge the 2019 [w]ill . . . ?
Kahler’s Brief at 2.
Kahler’s challenge to the trial court’s grant of summary judgment
implicates the following principles:
Summary judgment can be entered only in those cases
where the record clearly demonstrates that there is no genuine
issue of material fact and that the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. . . .
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5 Because the court found its discussion of standing was dispositive, the court
overruled Appellees’ objection to Kahler’s failure to plead claims based on the
1987 will. See Trial Court Order and Opinion, 8/1/22, at 6. The trial court,
citing 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 908(a), also concluded that Kahler’s status as a co-
executor of the 1987 will did not provide her with standing to challenge the
2019 will. See id.
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Our scope of review of an order granting or denying
summary judgment is plenary, and our standard of review is clear:
the trial court’s order will be reversed only where it is established
that the court committed an error of law or abused its discretion.
We examine the record . . . in a light most favorable to the non-
moving party, and we resolve all doubts as to the existence of a
genuine issue of material fact against the moving party.
In re Estate of Caruso, 176 A.3d 346, 349 (Pa. Super. 2017) (internal
citations, quotations, and brackets omitted). When considering questions of
law, our standard of review is de novo and the scope of our review is plenary.
See id.Section 908 of the Probate, Estates and Fiduciaries Code provides, in
relevant part:
Any party in interest seeking to challenge the probate of a will or
who is otherwise aggrieved by a decree of the register, or a
fiduciary whose estate or trust is so aggrieved, may appeal
therefrom to the court within one year of the decree: Provided,
That the executor designated in an instrument shall not by virtue
of such designation be deemed a party in interest who may appeal
from a decree refusing probate of it. . . .
20 Pa.C.S.A. § 908(a).
As to standing, this Court has stated: “[a] contestant to the validity of
a will does not have standing to do so unless he can prove he would be entitled
to participate in the decedent’s estate if the will before the court is ruled
invalid.” In re Estate of Luongo, 823 A.2d 942, 954 (Pa. Super. 2003)
(internal citation omitted). Generally, a party is a “party in interest” or
“aggrieved” under section 908, when she has a pecuniary interest in the estate
and her “share of the estate must be smaller because of probate or larger if
probate is denied.” See id. at 953-54. Still, a “will contestant’s standing to
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appeal from a decree of probate turns delicately on the specific facts and
circumstances of the matter at hand.” Id. at 955; accord Thompson’s
Estate, 206 A.2d at 27 (holding that while status as an executor of a prior
will is insufficient to find standing, an executor of a prior will had standing to
challenge a subsequent will because the subsequent will divested him of the
authority, as a trustee, in order to distribute the residue to charities).
Kahler contends that she met the requirements for standing under 20
Pa.C.S.A. § 908(a). See Kahler’s Brief at 8. Kahler insists nothing prevents
a co-executor from being an aggrieved party under section 908(a). Kahler
further asserts that the 1987 will evinced Mary Ellen’s clear intent to keep
certain personal property and the Franklin Park home on the Conboy side of
the family. See id. at 14, 15, 20-21. She argues that the trial court erred
because, as a co-executor of the 1987 will, she had an interest as a trustee
or a fiduciary to implement Mary Ellen’s clear intent.6 See id. at 15.
Following our review, we discern no error or abuse of discretion in the
trial court’s conclusion that Kahler lacked standing. Kahler was not a named
beneficiary of either the 2019 or 1987 will. As an heir-at-law under the 2019
will, her interests were too remote and speculative to confer standing. See
Briskman, 808 A.2d at 931 (concluding that when an interest as an intestate
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6 Kahler also argues that when a testator’s intent is clear, the Anti-Lapse
Statute should not operate to frustrate her standing to contest the 2019 will.
See Kahler’s Brief at 17-19.
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heir, which would arise only upon a finding that a prior and a subsequent will
were invalid was too remote to confer the party with standing).
To the extent Kahler asserts she has standing as a co-executor of the
1987 will, she cites no case law holding that status as executor or co-executor
of a prior will alone is sufficient to confer standing, and the decisional law
holds that more is required. See Thompson’s Estate, 206 A.2d at 23-24
(concluding that executor had standing where a will named him as a trustee
to distribute personal effects and granted him discretion to distribute the
residue to charities at his choosing); In re Estate of Schumacher, 133 A.3d
45, 50 (Pa. Super. 2016) (concluding that an executor who was named as a
trustee for a special needs trust in a prior will had standing to challenge a
subsequent will naming different co-executors and co-trustees of a new trust).
Kahler only asserts that the specific bequests—the bequest of personal
property to her daughters, i.e. Mary Ellen’s nieces, and the bequest of the
Franklin Park home to Conboy, if Charles predeceased Mary Ellen—evidenced
a clear intent to keep personal or real property on the Conboy side of the
family. However, she cites no legal authority to support such an interpretation
of the 1987 will, and we discern no underlying merit to her conclusory
argument.
Here, the plain language of 1987 will dictated that Kahler, as a co-
executor, follow Mary Ellen’s specific instructions if Charles survived her or
predeceased her. Nothing in the 1987 will required property stay on one side
of the family. Nothing in the 1987 will afforded Kahler any discretion
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concerning bequests or granted her any other interest in Mary Ellen’s estate
as either a trustee or a fiduciary. See Thompson’s Estate, 206 A.2d at 26-
27; Schumacher, 133 A.3d at 50. Thus, we discern no merit to Kahler’s
assertion that she was a trustee or fiduciary with an interest in keeping
property, in particular, the Franklin Park home, on one side of the family.
In sum, having reviewed the record, the trial court’s decision, and
Kahler’s arguments, we discern no merit to Kahler’s claim that she was an
aggrieved party or had an interest in Mary Ellen’s estate and agree with the
trial court that she lacked standing to challenge the 2019 will. Accordingly,
we affirm the trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment.
Order affirmed. Motion to dismiss appeal denied.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/11/2023
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