Com. v. Lucas, K. ( 2023 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
KEYON EDWARD LUCAS :
:
Appellant : No. 1384 WDA 2022
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered November 2, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County Criminal Division at No(s):
CP-25-CR-0001573-2017
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., OLSON, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED: OCTOBER 6, 2023
Appellant Keyon Edward Lucas appeals from the order of the Court of
Common Pleas of Erie County denying his petition pursuant to the Post-
Conviction Relief Act (PCRA).1 After careful review, we affirm.
This Court summarized the facts of this case on direct appeal:
On January 23, 2017, Lavell Beason and four other
individuals traveled in a minivan to East 22nd Street between Ash
and Wallace Streets in the City of Erie. Once they arrived at their
destination, Beason’s mother went inside a building to look at an
apartment.
While the minivan was parked on the street, Beason exited
and greeted several individuals congregating on a porch of a
nearby home. Appellant was one of the individuals on the porch;
however, Beason did not shake hands or speak with him. Beason
then returned to the vehicle and sat in the front passenger seat.
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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A few moments later, Appellant approached the van, pulled
out a handgun, and fired four times into the van, striking Beason
once in the neck and once in the chest. Beason was taken to the
hospital, where he was pronounced dead.
Commonwealth v. Lucas, 70 WDA 2021 (Pa.Super. April 11, 2022)
(unpublished memorandum) (spacing added and footnotes omitted).
Appellant was apprehended one month later in Detroit, Michigan, by the U.S.
Marshals Fugitive Apprehension team that discovered Appellant hiding in the
crawlspace of a home. Notes of Testimony (N.T.), Trial, 2/19/20, at 157-63.
Although Appellant was a juvenile at the time of the shooting, he was
charged with general homicide and related offenses in criminal court. Initially
Appellant filed a decertification motion to transfer the case to juvenile court.
The trial court scheduled a hearing to hear the decertification motion, at which
Appellant notified the trial court through counsel that he wished to withdraw
his decertification motion. Appellant signed a written colloquy indicating that
he was aware of his right to seek decertification and the factors involved in
this decision. On October 30, 2019, the trial court entered an order indicating
that it had found Appellant’s withdrawal of his decertification motion to be
knowing, intelligent, and voluntary.
Appellant filed a pretrial motion in limine to contest the admissibility of
still images captured from a surveillance video from Seraphin’s Market at the
time of the shooting. As the Erie Police Department had lost the original video
from which the still images were taken, trial counsel argued that there was no
way of assessing the accuracy of the timestamp data on the still images. The
trial court granted Appellant’s motion and determined that the still images
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were only admissible if the timestamp data was redacted. Trial counsel did not
claim the images themselves should have been excluded.
Thereafter, Appellant proceeded to a jury trial at which the prosecution
presented the eyewitness testimony of Latasha Myers, the victim’s aunt who
was present in the minivan at the time of the shooting. Ms. Myers testified
that she saw Appellant approach the minivan, reveal a firearm, look directly
at her, and fire five shots in the direction of the minivan. N.T., 2/19/20, at 62-
63, 82-89, 94. Ms. Myers was able to identify Appellant as the individual who
shot her nephew. Id. at 114-117; N.T., 2/24/20, at 120-21.
The victim’s girlfriend, Markeara Ott, who was also in the minivan,
indicated that Appellant was present at the scene at the time of the shooting,
but admitted she did not see the shooting itself. N.T., 2/18/20, at 54, 59-60,
76, 81-83, 116; N.T., 2/24/20, at 84-87.
William Wall also testified that he had told police in a statement just
days after the victim’s death that he was on the porch with Appellant when
the victim approached. N.T., 2/18/20, at 127-32. After the victim walked away
from the porch, Wall indicated that he saw Appellant fidgeting with a silver
firearm and then disappear between two houses. N.T., 2/18/20, at 132-33,
145-48, 150-53, 175. Sensing something was about to occur, Wall indicated
that he walked away from the porch and did not see the shooting occur. N.T.,
2/18/20, at 148-49, 154-55. Wall was able to describe Appellant’s silver
firearm to detectives. N.T., 2/18/20, at 173-78.
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The prosecution admitted a photo of Appellant uploaded to Facebook six
weeks before the shooting that showed Appellant holding a firearm consistent
with the limited number of firearm models that could have been the murder
weapon based on bullets and casings found at the crime scene. Further,
forensic analysis revealed gunshot residue on the sweatshirt believed to have
been worn by Appellant on the day of the shooting.
At the conclusion of trial, the jury convicted Appellant of third-degree
murder, aggravated assault (five counts), recklessly endangering another
person (“REAP”) (four counts), possession of a firearm without a license,
possession of a firearm by a minor, possession of an instrument of crime,
discharge of a firearm in an occupied structure, and flight to avoid
apprehension.
On August 28, 2020, the trial court imposed an aggregate sentence of
twenty to forty-nine years’ imprisonment to be followed by four years’
probation. On April 11, 2022, this Court affirmed the judgment of sentence.
Appellant did not file a petition for allowance of appeal with the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court.
On August 28, 2022, Appellant filed a timely pro se PCRA petition. The
PCRA court appointed counsel, who filed a supplemental petition on
Appellant’s behalf. On October 10, 2022, the PCRA court issued notice of its
intent to dismiss the PCRA petition without a hearing pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P.
907. On November 2, 2022, the PCRA court issued a final order dismissing the
petition. Appellant filed a timely appeal and complied with the trial court’s
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order directing him to file a concise statement of errors complained of on
appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
Appellant raises one issue for review on appeal:
Whether the trial court committed legal error and abused its
discretion in failing to grant PCRA relief predicated on a finding of
ineffective assistance of counsel in that defense counsel failed to
duly raise and preserve a legal challenge to the admissibility of
the still images of the lost videotape surveillance footage from the
market offered into evidence at trial by the Commonwealth to any
extent, with or without the timestamps?
Appellant’s Brief, at 2. After Appellant filed his counseled brief, Appellant filed
a pro se “Petition for Remand,” wherein he alleged that PCRA counsel was
ineffective in filing a deficient appellate brief and in failing to raise other claims
seeking collateral relief, which we will discuss infra.
In addressing Appellant’s ineffectiveness claims, we are guided by the
following principles:
It is well-established that counsel is presumed to have
provided effective representation unless the PCRA petitioner
pleads and proves all of the following: (1) the underlying
legal claim is of arguable merit; (2) counsel's action or
inaction lacked any objectively reasonable basis designed to
effectuate his client's interest; and (3) prejudice, to the
effect that there was a reasonable probability of a different
outcome if not for counsel's error. See Commonwealth v.
Pierce, 515 Pa. 153, 527 A.2d 973, 975–76 (1987);
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052,
80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). The PCRA court may deny an
ineffectiveness claim if “the petitioner's evidence fails to
meet a single one of these prongs.” Commonwealth v.
Basemore, 560 Pa. 258, 744 A.2d 717, 738 n.23 (2000)....
Because courts must presume that counsel was effective, it
is the petitioner's burden to prove otherwise. See Pierce,
supra; Commonwealth v. Holloway, 559 Pa. 258, 739
A.2d 1039, 1044 (1999).
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[Commonwealth v. Natividad, 595 Pa. 188, 207–208, 938 A.2d
310, 321 (2007);] see also Commonwealth v. Hall, 582 Pa.
526, 537, 872 A.2d 1177, 1184 (2005) (stating an appellant's
failure to satisfy any prong of the Pierce ineffectiveness test
results in a failure to establish the arguable merit prong of the
claim of ineffectiveness).
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 179 A.3d 1105, 1114 (Pa.Super. 2018).
We first review Appellant’s argument that trial counsel was ineffective
in failing to challenge the admissibility of the still images from the Seraphin’s
Market surveillance video instead of merely seeking the redaction of the
timestamp data on those still images. Appellant claimed the photos were
unreliable as there was no way to determine the specific timing of the images
in absence of the actual video. As discussed on direct appeal,
The still images from Serafin’s Market camera were
admitted at trial along with video recordings from several other
cameras along Ash Street that showed the path that [William] Wall
traveled in the aftermath of the shooting as well as to capture the
minivan driving toward the hospital. N.T., 2/24/20, at 37-43, 98-
110; Commonwealth Exhibits N-1 to N-6. Upon the admission of
the still images from Serafin’s Market, Detective Christopher Janus
of the Erie Police Department testified that this video appeared to
have been inadvertently deleted in the three years between the
shooting and trial, although officers had taken screenshots of the
video when they originally reviewed it, which were the images
shown at trial. N.T., 2/24/20, at 108-09. The videos and still
images were utilized in part to corroborate Wall’s testimony that
he walked away from the scene just before the shooting occurred,
as well as to undermine the defense theory that Wall was the
actual shooter based upon initial statements made to police by
numbers of Beason’s family blaming Wall for Beason’s death.
Lucas, 70 WDA 2021, at *10.
The PCRA court found no merit to Appellant’s claim that trial counsel
was ineffective in failing to ask the trial court to exclude the still images, as
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the PCRA court indicated that it would have ruled such images to be admissible
as the photos did not violate the “best evidence rule.”
However, we need not determine whether such images were admissible,
as Appellant has not shown prejudice from trial counsel’s failure to move for
their exclusion. The still images from Serafin’s Market’s surveillance video
were cumulative evidence as the prosecution presented video recordings from
other surveillance systems showing Wall and his companions walking away
from the crime scene.
In addition, the Commonwealth presented substantial evidence of
Appellant’s guilt at trial, including three witnesses who were at the crime
scene. Latasha Myers testified that she witnessed Appellant fire shots directly
at the minivan where she and Markeara Ott were sitting with the victim, who
was hit with two bullets. Ms. Myers was able to identify Appellant as the
shooter. While Ms. Ott did not witness the shooting itself, she testified that
she saw Appellant was present at the scene before the shooting. William Wall
gave a statement to police a few days after the victim’s death indicating that
he saw Appellant acting suspiciously after encountering the victim on a porch
where Wall was standing with Appellant. Wall specifically called seeing
Appellant fidgeting with a silver firearm before hiding between two buildings.
The prosecution presented a photo showing Appellant holding a firearm
that was consistent with the murder weapon given the bullet casings found at
the crime scene as well as Wall’s description of the firearm. Forensic evidence
showed that the hooded sweatshirt that Appellant was wearing at the time of
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the shooting had gunshot residue on the right sleeve. Further, after the
shooting, Appellant fled to Detroit where he was discovered hiding from
authorities in a crawlspace where he had no reasonable purpose to be present.
In light of evidence that the prosecution presented at Appellant’s trial,
we cannot find that there was a reasonable probability of a different outcome
if not for trial counsel’s failure to object to the admission of the still images
from Serafin’s Market. Thus, this claim of ineffectiveness fails.
In addition to single issue raised in his counseled brief, Appellant filed a
pro se motion in this Court raising two claims of the ineffectiveness of PCRA
counsel, who is currently representing Appellant. In Commonwealth v.
Bradley, 261 A.3d 381 (Pa. 2021), our Supreme Court held that “a PCRA
petitioner may, after a PCRA court denied relief, and after obtaining new
counsel or acting pro se, raise claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness at the
first opportunity to do so, even if on appeal.” Id. at 401. To be entitled to a
remand, an appellant “must provide more than mere boilerplate assertions of
PCRA counsel's ineffectiveness. That is, he must establish that there are issues
of material facts concerning claims challenging counsel's stewardship and that
relief may be available.” Commonwealth v. Parrish, 273 A.3d 989, 1006
(Pa. 2022) (citing Bradley, 261 A.3d at 402)).
As Appellant’s challenges to PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness were not
raised before the PCRA court, we must determine whether the record is
sufficient to address Appellant’s claims or whether it is necessary to remand
for the PCRA court to resolve these claims with a more developed record.
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Appellant first argues that PCRA counsel was ineffective in failing to seek
collateral relief by arguing that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to argue
that the trial court “violated Appellant’s right to an open trial by conducting
jury selection in the anteroom.” Application for Remand, 6/20/23, at 1-2.
In evaluating similar arguments, our courts have recognized that a
defendant has a right to a public trial, which operates (1) to prevent an
accused from being subject to a star chamber proceeding; and (2) to assure
the public that standards of fairness are being observed.” Commonwealth v.
Harris, 703 A.2d 441, 445 (Pa. 1997) (citing Commonwealth v. Berrigan,
501 A.2d 226 (Pa. 1985)). Nevertheless, “[a]lthough the right to a public trial
is applicable to voir dire proceedings, a trial judge may, in the interest of the
fair administration of justice, impose reasonable limitations on access to a
trial.” Harris, 703 A.2d at 445 (citing Press–Enterprise Company v.
Superior Court, 464 U.S. 501 (1984)).
In Harris, the trial court conducted collective voir dire in the courtroom
and questioned each prospective juror individually in the anteroom, outside
the hearing of the venire panel. The Supreme Court recognized that the trial
court employed this procedure to promote efficiency as the alternative
procedure would have been to place the panel in a room far removed from the
courtroom and bring each juror separately for questioning. As the record did
not contain any evidence that the public was excluded from the individualized
voir dire, the Supreme Court rejected Harris’s claim that the trial court violated
his right to a public trial. But see Commonwealth v. Johnson, 455 A.2d
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654 (Pa.Super. 1982) (concluding that the trial court violated the defendant's
right to a public trial when it denied the defendant’s request for the public to
be present during jury).
Similarly, in this case, there is no evidence in the record that any
member of the public was denied access to the juror questioning that occurred
in the anteroom. The record does not contain an exclusionary order or any
indication that the trial court prohibited anyone from observing the individual
voir dire questioning. The jury selection process was transcribed by a court
report and included in the certified record. Thus, Appellant’s claim does not
rise above a boilerplate allegation.
As a result, we find no merit to Appellant’s claim that his right to a public
trial was violated. Accordingly, counsel cannot be deemed ineffective in failing
to raise a meritless claim. Commonwealth v. Alexander, 296 A.3d 1, 6
(Pa.Super. 2023).
Appellant also claims that PCRA counsel was ineffective in failing to claim
trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to the trial court’s jurisdiction.
While Appellant does not challenge the filing of murder charges or aggravated
assault charges against him in criminal court, Appellant asserts that the trial
court had no jurisdiction over the remaining charges: REAP, possession of a
firearm without a license, possession of a firearm by a minor, possession of
an instrument of crime, discharge of a firearm in an occupied structure, and
flight to avoid apprehension. We disagree.
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As a general rule, “the prosecution of criminal offenses charged to
juvenile offenders is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the juvenile court.”
Commonwealth v. Harvin, 581 A.2d 929, 930 (Pa.Super. 1990). However,
the Legislature has vested original jurisdiction in the criminal courts for
offenses excluded from the definition of a “delinquent act”: 1) murder, 2)
specified violent felonies committed by juveniles fifteen years of age and older,
3) summary offenses, and 4) “crime[s] committed by a child who has been
found guilty in a criminal proceeding for other than a summary offense.” 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 6302.
When a juvenile is charged with offenses in the criminal court’s original
jurisdiction, Section 6322 of the Juvenile Act provides a mechanism for a
juvenile defendant to seek to transfer his case to juvenile court. Section 6322
provides:
... In determining whether to transfer a case charging murder or
any of the offenses excluded from the definition of “delinquent
act” in section 6302, the child shall be required to establish by a
preponderance of the evidence that the transfer will serve the
public interest. In determining whether the child has so
established that the transfer will serve the public interest, the
court shall consider the factors contained in section 6355(a)(4)(iii)
(relating to transfer to criminal proceedings).
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6322(a).
Our Supreme Court has emphasized that “the special treatment
provided to criminal offenders by the Juvenile Act is not a constitutional
requirement, [but rather] a statutory creation.” Commonwealth v. Cotto,
753 A.2d 217, 223 (Pa. 2000) (citing Commonwealth v. Williams, 522 A.2d
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1058 (Pa. 1987)). The Supreme Court has established that it is constitutional
to place the burden of proof on a juvenile defendant who seeks to justify the
transfer of a murder case to juvenile court. Commonwealth v. Pyle, 343
A.2d 101, 107 (1974):
The decision to transfer has no bearing on either the procedural
or substantive aspects of the criminal conviction in criminal court
(i.e., it is still the Commonwealth's burden to prove every fact
necessary to constitute murder beyond a reasonable doubt).
Consequently, placing the burden on a petitioner in this manner
in no way denied him his due process safeguards.
Id. at 107, n.12 (citations omitted).
The Supreme Court has reaffirmed the holding in Pyle and expressly
indicated that “the rationale of Pyle is applicable to charges other than murder
where those charges arise out of the same criminal transaction as a murder
charge.” Cotto, 735 A.2d 217 (citing Commonwealth v. Romeri, 470 A.2d
498, 505 (Pa. 1983), Commonwealth v. Keefer, 367 A.2d 1082, 1084–85
(Pa. 1976)).
In Romeri, the Supreme Court rejected the juvenile’s argument that
the trial court had no jurisdiction to allow the Commonwealth to prosecute
non-homicide charges in adult criminal court against a juvenile charged with
murder. In that case, Romeri was charged with first-degree murder, felony
murder, theft, receiving stolen property, and conspiracy.
The Supreme Court held that “where murder charges are filed in an
adult court against a juvenile, that court also has jurisdiction over other
charges filed and arising from the same criminal transaction.” Romeri, 470
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A.2d at 505. In reaching this conclusion, the Romeri Court cited to Section
6322(a) of the Juvenile Act which provides that in relevant part:
(a) General rule .... if it appears to the court in a criminal
proceeding other than murder, that the defendant is a child,
this chapter shall immediately become applicable, and the
court shall forthwith halt further criminal proceedings, and,
where appropriate, transfer the case to the division or a
judge of the court assigned to conduct juvenile hearings,
together with a copy of the accusatory pleading and other
papers, documents, and transcripts of testimony relating to
the case. If it appears to the court in a criminal proceeding
charging murder, that the defendant is a child, the case may
similarly be transferred and the provisions of this chapter
applied.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6322(a)(emphasis added).
The Romeri Court determined that the plain language of Section 6322
provides if there is a criminal proceeding charging murder, the trial court has
discretion to transfer the entire case (including non-murder charges) to
juvenile court, but “there is no absolute requirement of transfer.” Romeri,
470 A.2d at 505. We agree with the Romeri court’s observation that:
This reading of the statute—that jurisdiction over all murder and
non-murder charges filed in the same criminal episode resides in
the adult court—is bolstered by the consideration that it is
unrealistic to believe that a youthful offender who the court
determines cannot profit from the care, guidance and control
aspects of a juvenile proceeding on the murder charge—as
happened in this case—would be amenable to such care, guidance
and control on the non-murder charges arising from the same
criminal transaction.
Id. Moreover, the Romeri Court noted that offenses arising out of a single
criminal episode or course of conduct should be tried together to promote
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fairness to the defendant and judicial economy. Id. (citing Commonwealth
v. Keefer, 367 A.2d 1082, 1085 (Pa. 1977)).
In this case, the trial court had original jurisdiction over Appellant’s
murder charge pursuant to Section 6322. As such, we reject Appellant’s claim
that the trial court had no jurisdiction over Appellant’s non-homicide charges
that arose from the same criminal transaction. We reiterate that trial counsel
cannot be found ineffective in failing to raise a meritless claim. See
Alexander, supra.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the PCRA court’s order denying
Appellant’s petition and conclude that it is not necessary to remand for any
additional proceedings on the claims in Appellant’s Petition for Remand.
Order affirmed. Petition for Remand denied.
DATE: 10/6/2023
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