In Re: J.P.P., a Minor ( 2023 )

J-S27044-23
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37
IN RE: J.P.P., II, A MINOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: J.P.P., SR., FATHER :
:
:
:
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: No. 590 MDA 2023
Appeal from the Decree Entered February 10, 2023
In the Court of Common Pleas of Fulton County
Orphans’ Court Division at No(s): 2023-00001
IN RE: ADOPTION OF: J.F.P., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
:
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APPEAL OF: J.P.P., SR., FATHER :
:
:
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: No. 591 MDA 2023
Appeal from the Decree Entered February 10, 2023
In the Court of Common Pleas of Fulton County
Orphans’ Court Division at No(s): 2023-00002
IN RE: ADOPTION OF: K.M.P., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
:
:
APPEAL OF: J.P.P., SR., FATHER :
:
:
:
: No. 592 MDA 2023
Appeal from the Decree Entered February 10, 2023
In the Court of Common Pleas of Fulton County
Orphans’ Court Division at No(s): 2023-00003
J-S27044-23
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., and SULLIVAN, J.
MEMORANDUM BY SULLIVAN, J.: FILED OCTOBER 11, 2023
J.P.P., Sr. (“Father”), appeals from the decrees involuntarily terminating
his parental rights to his son, J.P.P., II (born in June 2015), and his twin son
and daughter, J.F.P. and K.M.P. (born in December 2016) (collectively, “the
Children”).1 We affirm.
The Orphans’ Court set forth the factual and procedural history as
follows.
On December 3, 2019, Fulton County Services for Children
(“the Agency”) received a General Protective Services [(“GPS”)]
referral for Father’s youngest son, [J.F.P.].[2] After investigation,
the allegations in the referral were found to be valid, and the
Agency determined that the family was in need of services; the
family was accepted for services in January 2020. Starting in
approximately November 2020, Father became the sole caregiver
for the Children due to Mother’s mental health instability.
While in Father’s care, the Children resided in a small
camper that had no running water or toilet [and was
deteriorating]. The camper’s only source of heat was an electric
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1 By separate decrees on the same date, the Orphans’ Court terminated the
parental rights of the Children’s mother, L.A.P. (“Mother”). Mother did not file
appeals or participate in the instant appeals.
2 This referral alleged “a lack of supervision and intellectual delays of [Mother]
that negatively impacted her ability to be an appropriate caregiver for three
small children with developmental delays.” Orders of Adjudication and
Disposition, 12/7/21, at ¶ 1(c)(1). The Agency had “five validated referrals
since 2016 [concerning the family] includ[ing] allegations specifically for both
natural mother and natural father’s inadequate nurturing/affection; natural
father’s inability to cope; both natural mother and natural father’s behavioral
health concerns; and natural father’s use of inappropriate discipline.” See id.
at ¶ 1(c)(26).
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heater and part of the floor was caving in.[3] Father limited the
Children’s time outside, keeping them inside the camper for long
periods of time. Father also gave the Children over-the-counter
melatonin so that they would sleep between 5:00 p.m. and 7:00
p.m. so that he could have downtime.[4] Father yelled at the
Children frequently and failed to intervene successfully when the
Children bit or hit one another. All three children have cognitive
and developmental delays, and none of them had been toilet
trained, at the respective ages of six and five years old. Father
was also uncooperative with the Agency by refusing to provide
consent to release some of the [C]hildren’s information to the
Agency or allow Agency staff inside the camper.
After an adjudication of dependency based on the above
facts, all three children were placed in the custody of the Agency
on December 7, 2021, and all three children have continuously
been in the Agency’s custody since that time. Father was ordered
to participate in a Family Assessment for Services and Treatment
(“FAST”) through Alternative Behavior Consultants (“ABC”) and
follow through with recommendations of the assessment,
participate in supervised visits with Community Outreach
Prevention Education (“COPE”), participate in a psychiatric
evaluation and follow all recommendations resulting from the
evaluation, participate in anger management classes, cooperate
with the Agency and complete all requested paperwork and
consents, and obtain and maintain suitable housing free from
health and safety threats towards the Children.
Thereafter, permanency review hearings were held on
March 16, 2022 and August 25, 2022. After both hearings, [the
Orphans’ Court] entered orders finding that the [C]hildren’s
placements were appropriate and necessary and continued the
concurrent goals of reunification and adoption. In both sets of
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3 “[Father ran] an electric cord from his mother’s home to get electricity.”
N.T., 2/2/23, at 158. See also Orders of Adjudication and Disposition,
12/7/21, at ¶ 1(c)(8), (13).
4 At the hearing on the termination petition, the Agency expressed concern
about Father going to bed at 5:00 p.m. if the Children were in his care. See
id. at 169. Father conceded that he tries to get in bed by 5:00 p.m. because
he gets up at 1:30 a.m. See id. at 228. He further noted that he starts work
at 3:30 a.m. and has a one-hour commute. See id. at 229.
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[o]rders, Father was found to be in minimal compliance with the
permanency plans and to have made minimal progress towards
alleviating the circumstances which necessitated the original
placement.
Similar to the December 2021 [a]djudication of
[d]ependency order, Father was ordered to participate in a
psychiatric evaluation including IQ testing so that a complete FAST
assessment could be completed, participate in anger management
classes as recommended by the FAST Triage, participate in
supervised visits with COPE, participate in a psychiatric evaluation
and follow all recommendations, cooperate with the Agency and
complete all requested paperwork and consents, and obtain and
maintain suitable housing free from health and safety threats
towards his children.
On January 5, 2023, the Agency filed petitions to terminate
parental rights of both parents as to all three children. On
February 2, 2023, [the Orphans’ Court] conducted both a
permanency review hearing and a hearing on the petition to
terminate parental rights.
Orphans’ Court Opinion, 5/12/23, at 1-4 (internal capitalization corrected)
(citations to the record and footnotes omitted).
Counsel represented Father, who was present at the February 2023
hearing on the Agency’s petition. A guardian ad litem (“GAL”) and separate
legal counsel represented the Children, who were seven and six years old. At
the hearing, the Agency presented the testimony of Dr. Maurice Picciotto
(“Picciotto”), an expert in general adult psychiatry, who testified about
Father’s October 2019 psychiatric evaluation and his diagnoses of borderline
intellectual functioning, and recurrent, latent depressive disorder, which may
severely hinder Father’s ability to raise small children. See N.T. 2/2/23, at
24-30, 42-43. Dr. Marie Murphy (“Dr. Murphy”), a psychologist with expertise
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in completing parental fitness evaluations, testified Father had an intellectual
development disability and his SKILLS assessment through ABC5 showed that
Father was unlikely to be successful in childrearing without supportive
services. Dr. Murphy testified that in the six months preceding the hearing,
Father had problems with housing, daily functioning, mental health, and also
with the ability to recognize the emotional, health, and mental needs of a
child, provide “adequate supervision and safety rules, and provid[e] adequate
solutions to parental situations.” See id. at 48-53.
Stephen Rager (“Rager”), a counselor at WellSpan Behavioral Health,
testified Father was somewhat resistant to being told how to raise the
Children, has cognitive limitations, and his perception of reality was abnormal
according to recent testing. Rager testified that he did not provide anger
management classes, although Father would benefit from them. See id. at
68-77. Beth Bryant (“Bryant”), of the Fulton County Family Partnership COPE
program, which supervises parent-child visitation, testified Father spent a
significant account of his visitation time talking to COPE staff rather than the
Children, hits the Children and frequently yells at them, has threatened to put
one of them in a straitjacket, and has not aided in their toilet training. See
id. at 100-108. Father also threatened to harm social workers if the Children
were taken from him, threatened to abscond with the Children, and said he
____________________________________________
5 A SKILLS assessment assesses six areas of essential parenting skills. See
N.T., 2/2/23, at 51.
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would find out where the foster parents lived. He resisted direction not to
make such threats in the Children’s presence and instructed the Children to
disobey and fight with their foster parents. See id. at 110-15, 119, 132-33.
Stacy Smith (“Smith”), an Agency caseworker, testified that the
Children’s foster parents are very helpful. Smith testified that Father declined
assistance to obtain more stable and suitable housing, is uncooperative, tells
her how to do her job, refuses to take parenting advice, has accused her of
lying, refused for months to meet with her, does not understand the Children’s
emotional and therapeutic needs, does not participate in their independent
education plans, and has threatened a “blood bath” if his demands are not
met. See id. at 140-58, 165-70, 181. Emilee Bakner (“Bakner”), Director of
ABC and an expert in parenting education, testified Father refused for months
to have a psychological evaluation, was very combative, and made threats.
See id. at 183-84, 191-97. Bakner testified after the evaluation, ABC made
a series of recommendations concerning parenting, appropriate housing,
anger management, psychiatric care, in-home parenting services, and guided
visitation, but Father was “[a]bsolutely not” receptive to services. Id. at 198-
206. Father testified on his own behalf and blamed the Children’s behavior
problems on their foster parents. See id. at 218.
By separate decrees, the Orphans’ Court involuntarily terminated
Father’s parental rights to the Children pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1),
(2), (5), (8), and (b). Thereafter, on April 20, 2023, following the granting of
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his petitions to appeal nunc pro tunc, Father filed notices of appeal, along with
concise statements of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.
1925(a)(2)(i) and (b).6 This Court consolidated Father’s appeals sua sponte.7
On May 12, 2023, the Orphans’ Court issued a Rule 1925(a) opinion
addressing Father’s appeals.
On appeal, Father raises the following issue for our review:
“Did the [c]ourt err in finding that termination of the parental
rights of Father in the subject children was warranted in light of
the evidence presented before the [c]ourt, and despite the
existing bond between the [C]hildren and [Father]?
Father’s Brief at 4.
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6 By way of background, Father’s prior counsel filed a single notice of appeal
from the Children’s dependency court docket numbers, as opposed to the
Orphans’ Court docket numbers. That appeal was docketed at Superior Court
No. 389 MDA 2023. Declaring counsel per se ineffective, this Court directed
the lower court to appoint new counsel, and counsel to file three petitions to
appeal nunc pro tunc from the three orders terminating Father’s parental
rights at the Orphans’ Court docket numbers, and once granted, file three
notices of appeal, one appeal from each Orphans’ Court docket number. This
Court quashed the appeal filed at 389 MDA 2023 on May 5, 2023.
By order entered April 14, 2023, the Orphans’ Court appointed current
counsel. On April 20, 2023, counsel filed three petitions to appeal nunc pro
tunc from the decrees terminating Father’s parental rights at each of the
Orphans’ Court docket numbers, which the Orphans’ Court granted. As
indicated, counsel then filed timely notices of appeal.
7 The Children’s GAL and legal counsel each submitted briefs to this Court
adopting the Orphans’ Court’s termination decision set forth in its Rule
1925(a) opinion.
The court briefly spoke with the Children, who were present only at the start
of the hearing. See N.T., 2/2/23, at 4-9.
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We review involuntary termination orders for an abuse of discretion, a
review our Supreme Court has explained “is limited to a determination of
whether the decree of the termination court is supported by competent
evidence.” In re of C.M., 255 A.3d 343, 358 (Pa. 2021). When applying this
standard, appellate courts must accept the Orphans’ Court’s findings of fact
and credibility determinations if they are supported by the record. See
Interest of S.K.L.R., 256 A.3d 1108, 1123 (Pa. 2021). “Where the factual
findings are supported by the evidence, an appellate court may not disturb
the trial court’s ruling unless it has discerned an error of law or abuse of
discretion.” In re of L.A.K., 265 A.3d 580, 591 (Pa. 2021). An abuse of
discretion in this context exists only upon “a demonstration of manifest
unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will.” Id.The involuntary termination of parental rights is governed by section
2511 of the Adoption Act, which requires a bifurcated analysis. See
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511. The Orphans’ Court must initially determine whether
the conduct of the parent warrants termination under one of the eleven
numerated grounds set forth at section 2511(a). Only if the court determines
that the petitioner has established grounds for termination under section
2511(a) does the Court assess the petition under section 2511(b), which
focuses upon the child’s needs and welfare. See In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251,
267 (Pa. 2013). To involuntarily terminate parental rights, the petitioner must
satisfy both section 2511(a) and (b) by clear and convincing evidence, which
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is evidence that is so “clear, direct, weighty, and convincing as to enable a
trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of
the precise facts in issue.” C.M., 255 A.3d at 358 (citation omitted).
In the case sub judice, the Orphans’ Court terminated Father’s parental
rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). In order
to affirm a termination of parental rights, we need only agree with the
Orphans’ Court as to any one subsection of section 2511(a), as well as section
2511(b). See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc).
Instantly, we will analyze the court’s termination decrees pursuant to section
2511(a)(2) and (b), which provide as follows:
(a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child
may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
grounds:
****
(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,
neglect or refusal of the parent has caused the child
to be without essential parental care, control or
subsistence necessary for his physical or mental well-
being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity,
abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will not be
remedied by the parent.
****
(b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the
rights of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare
of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated
solely on the basis of environmental factors such as
inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and
medical care if found to be beyond the control of the parent.
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2), (b).
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The grounds for termination of parental rights under section 2511(a)(2)
due to parental incapacity are not limited to affirmative misconduct; they may
include acts of refusal and incapacity to perform parental duties. See In re
S.C., 247 A.3d 1097, 1104 (Pa. Super. 2021), abrogated on other grounds by
In re K.T., 296 A.3d 1085, 1110 n.23 (Pa. 2023). Section 2511(a)(2)
“emphasizes the child’s present and future need for essential parental care,
control or subsistence necessary for his physical or mental well-being,”
especially “where disruption of the family has already occurred and there is
no reasonable prospect for reuniting it.” In re Z.P., 994 A.2d 1108, 1117
(Pa. Super. 2010) (internal citation and emphasis omitted). This Court has
long recognized that a parent is “required to make diligent efforts towards the
reasonably prompt assumption of full parental responsibilities.” See In re of
M.A.B., 166 A.3d 434, 443 (Pa. Super. 2017). At a termination hearing, the
Orphans’ Court may properly reject as untimely or disingenuous a parent’s
vow to follow through on necessary services when the parent failed to
cooperate with the agency or take advantage of available services during the
dependency proceedings. See S.C., 247 A.3d at 1105.
On appeal, Father asserts the Orphans’ Court erred in terminating his
parental rights because the evidence does not support the Orphans’ Courts’
findings that he lacked employment and financial stability, had a history of
mental health concerns and negative behaviors, or was unable to supervise
and provide adequate care for the Children. See Father’s Brief at 8-9. He
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also asserts the evidence does not support the findings that the Children
suffered cognitive and developmental delays leading to negative behaviors he
failed to address, the Orphans’ Court failed to recognize his efforts to obtain
a new home, and no testimony proved the absence of his bond with the
Children. See id. at 10.
In concluding that the Agency satisfied the statutory grounds to
terminate Father’s parental rights, including pursuant to section 2511(a)(2),
the Orphans’ Court found as follows:
Father’s failure to obtain safe, stable housing has caused the
[C]hildren to be without essential parental care. According to the
testimony of Ms. Smith, the three children were living in a small
camper with no running water or toilet. The floor of the camper
was caving in. Being confined inside the small camper caused
developmental delays in the [C]hildren due to their lack of
socialization. Father has consistently failed to remedy these
conditions as well, even after being directed by the court to do so.
[I]it has been over one year since Father was first ordered to
obtain and maintain safe, stable housing. He first stated his plans
to move to a trailer on his employer’s property in January 2022.
Unfortunately, as of the filing of the [p]etitions, Father was still
living in the camper.
Further, Father’s failure to participate in anger management
classes, as directed by the Dependency Court since December
2021, shows a lack of diligent effort towards resuming his parental
responsibilities which has caused his children to be without
essential parental care. At the time, the [C]hildren were placed
in the Agency’s care, Father was observed threatening the
[C]hildren often and being verbally aggressive towards them. It
was recommended as part of the FAST assessment that Father
participate in anger management classes. Even after it was
explained by [Rager] and [Smith] that the therapy Father was
receiving from [Rager] was not the anger management classes
that the [c]ourt required, Father still failed to participate in anger
management classes, showing again a lack of diligent effort
towards resuming parental responsibilities and causing [the
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C]hildren to be without essential parental care. Father’s refusal
to go to anger management classes is unlikely to be remedied as
the requirements have been explained many times to Father and
he still refuses to attend.
Father also showed that he was unable to appropriately
discipline [the C]hildren and is unwilling to learn how to do so.
When they were first placed in the care of the Agency, the
[C]hildren would often hit and bite each other, and Father would
fail to intervene and discipline these behaviors. Throughout over
one year of supervised visitations, Father was unable to
appropriately discipline or manage [the C]hildren. Father was
offered parenting services to learn these skills; however, he
refused to complete the prerequisites of stable housing and anger
management classes and never received the parenting education
services he was ordered to complete. Father’s failure to take the
steps necessary to receive education in how to care for [the
C]hildren has caused [the C]hildren to be without essential
parental care. Father has failed to make take these prerequisite
steps for over a year, showing he is unlikely to learn the necessary
parenting skills which he needs.
Therefore, Father’s repeated refusal to address his housing
needs and his anger issues and improve his parenting skills has
caused the [C]hildren to be without necessary parental care, and
these conditions will not be remedied. Termination was proper
under section 2511(a)(2).
Orphans’ Court Opinion, 5/12/23, at 20-22 (internal punctuation corrected)
(citations to record omitted).
Upon review, the record supports grounds for termination under section
2511(a)(2). The evidence showed Father’s ongoing issues related to
parenting, anger management, and proper housing. The court repeatedly
ordered services related to these goals, see Orders of Adjudication and
Disposition, 12/7/21, at ¶ 26; see also Permanency Review Orders, 8/25/22
& 3/17/22, at ¶ 32(a); see also N.T., 2/2/23, at 55-56, 196-99, but Father
failed to comply. Dr. Murphy and Bakner each testified that they would not
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recommend the Children be returned to Father until he obtained stable
housing, anger management services, and in-home parenting services. See
N.T., 2/2/23, at 60, 202-03.
At the time of the termination hearing, Father had not yet obtained
stable housing and continued to live in a “small camper that continues to
deteriorate [with] no running water [or] toilet facilities.” Orders of
Adjudication and Disposition, 12/7/21, at ¶ 1(c)(8); see also N.T., 2/2/23, at
155. Father had continued to live in the camper for more than one year
despite the Agency’s offer of financial assistance. See N.T., 2/2/23, at 150.
Father was not cooperative in affording the Agency additional access to the
camper. See id., at 155. Smith testified that “[Father] has refused to
schedule home visits with me or to meet with me.”8 Id. Beginning in January
2022, Father advised that he would be moving to a trailer on his employer’s
property. However, while initially scheduled to be ready by October 2022, at
the time of the subject hearing, it was not projected to be ready until May or
June 2023. See id. at 150, 214-15, 225-26.
Father also failed to engage in required anger management services.
See id. at 166. Rager treated Father for moderate recurrent major
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8 Smith further testified, “[W]hen I have offered to meet with [Father,] it’s
either I have to schedule with his mom because it’s her property[,] or I’m not
allowed on the property[,] or he is in bed at 5:00 because he has to go to
work.” N.T., 2/2/23, at 155.
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depression, anxiety, and anger, but did not provide anger management
classes although they worked on emotional regulation in response to stress.
Id. at 70, 78.9 While recognizing the obstacles of finance, transportation, and
motivation,10 Rager stated Father would benefit from complying with the
recommendation for anger management classes.11 Id. at 70-71, 79-80.
Smith’s testimony established that Father’s willingness to engage in anger
management treatment was belated and perceived by him to be unnecessary:
Q. With regards to anger management, did you have discussions
with [Father] regarding anger management?
A. Yes, before he received TPR papers he told me he was receiving
anger management through Steven Rager, and then when I
explained to him that we received the paperwork that stat[ed] it
was not anger management classes, he told me I was a liar.
Q. Have you worked with [Father] at all to provide
recommendations for anger management classes?
A. The day he received his TPR paperwork he called me and was
willing do anger management if needed, but he still stated that he
was already receiving it.
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9 Father had additionally been diagnosed with borderline intellectual
functioning. See N.T., 2/2/23, at 56-57.
10 Rager explained that Father “can be a little obstinate at times toward
authority figures instructing him what to do, especially related to his children.”
N.T., 2/2/23, at 70.
11 Rager acknowledged that medication management would be “helpful” for
Father. See N.T., 2/2/23, at 77. He testified that Father had been seeing a
nurse practitioner but was discharged in February 2022 for lack of attendance
and/or noncompliance. See id. at 74-75, 81-82. Father indicated that his
family doctor now prescribes medications for depression and anxiety. See id.
at 222-23.
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Id. at 151; see also id. at 219-20. Smith further indicated that she then
supplied Father with the names of providers. See id. at 151, 171-72.
Similarly, at the time of the hearing Father had yet to engage in in-
home parenting services and was resistant to the idea that he required them.12
Smith testified that Father rejected in-home services and “told me he didn’t
need parenting and his parenting was right and nobody was going to tell him
how to parent.” Id. at 165. Father demonstrated no willingness to engage in
parenting classes until after the termination petition was filed and, even then,
imposed constraints. Smith testified as follows:
Q. Has he at any time indicated any willingness to engage in
parenting education services?
A. Not until after the TPR papers were delivered to him, and then
he told me that he wouldn’t work with ABC, though, for parenting
education, and everybody would have to work around his schedule
and provide the gas money for him to get there.
Id. at 165-66. Likewise, Dr. Murphy indicated that Father was not receptive
to further services. She stated that Father “had on numerous occasions
expressed that no one was going to tell him how to parent.” Id. at 59. Father
expressed this same type of opposition to Bakner. See id. at 201.
Given Father’s resistance, Smith testified there were no further services
the Agency could offer. She stated, “[W]e have exhausted all the services
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12Father had previously been referred for parenting services in 2017 and
2018. See N.T., 2/2/23, at 157, 172.
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that we could offer and they are always met with [Father’s] resistance or
demands and lack of follow through.” Id. at 170.
Based on the foregoing, we discern no abuse of discretion by the court
in concluding the evidence warranted termination pursuant to section
2511(a)(2). The record substantiates the conclusion that Father’s repeated
and continued incapacity and refusal to address his unresolved parenting and
anger management issues and unwillingness to improve his housing situation,
despite the offer of financial assistance, caused the Children to be without
essential parental care, control, or subsistence necessary for their physical or
mental well-being. See In re M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1272 (Pa. Super.
2003). Father cannot or will not remedy this situation. See id. Father’s
resistance and continued lack of insight belies any suggestion of future
progress. As this Court has stated, “[A] child’s life cannot be held in abeyance
while a parent attempts to attain the maturity necessary to assume parenting
responsibilities. The court cannot and will not subordinate indefinitely a child’s
need for permanence and stability to a parent’s claims of progress and hope
for the future.” In re R.J.S., 901 A.2d 502, 513 (Pa. Super. 2006).13
Having affirmed the Orphans’ Court’s finding of sufficient grounds for
termination pursuant to section 2511(a)(2), we next must determine whether
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13 The court’s misstatement that Father had not obtained employment, though
incorrect, is immaterial in light of all of Father’s failures to correct deficiencies
in his housing, parenting, and anger management that deprived the Children
of the essential parental care, control, and subsistence they required.
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termination was proper under section 2511(b). Regarding the section 2511(b)
needs and welfare analysis, this Court has explained:
While a parent’s emotional bond with his or her child is a major
aspect of the subsection 2511(b) best-interest analysis, it is
nonetheless only one of many factors to be considered by the
court when determining what is in the best interest of the child.
The mere existence of an emotional bond does not preclude the
termination of parental rights. Rather, the [O]rphan’s [C]ourt
must examine the status of the bond to determine whether its
termination would destroy an existing, necessary and beneficial
relationship. . . .
In addition to a bond examination, the trial court can equally
emphasize the safety needs of the child, and should also consider
the intangibles, such as the love, comfort, security, and stability
the child might have with the foster parent. Additionally . . . the
trial court should consider the importance of continuity of
relationships and whether any existing parent-child bond can be
severed without detrimental effects on the child.
In re N.A.M., 33 A.3d 95, 103 (Pa. Super. 2011) (internal citations,
quotations, brackets, and indentation omitted). In weighing the bond
considerations pursuant to section 2511(b), “courts must keep the ticking
clock of childhood ever in mind.” T.S.M., 71 A.3d at 269. Children “are young
for a scant number of years, and we have an obligation to see to their healthy
development quickly. When courts fail . . . the result, all too often, is
catastrophically maladjusted children.” Id. As explained in K.T.,
a court conducting a [s]ection 2511(b) analysis must consider
more than proof of an adverse or detrimental impact from
severance of the parental bond. We emphasize analysis of the
parental bond is but one part of the overall subsection (b)
analysis, which includes a determination of whether the bond is
necessary and beneficial to the child, i.e., whether maintaining the
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bond serves the child's developmental, physical, and emotional
needs and welfare.
296 A.3d at 1113 (emphasis added).
Father argues that the Agency failed to present any evidence that
“terminating [Father’s] parental rights would not negatively harm the bond
between he and his children, which, as referenced supra, [Father] stated was
‘strong,’ and to which absolutely no counter testimony was offered.” Father’s
Brief at 14-15.
In concluding termination of Father’s parental rights best serves the
Children’s developmental, physical, and emotional needs and welfare pursuant
to section 2511(b), the Orphans’ Court stated:
Looking first toward Father’s bond with his children, both
Father and [Bryant] testified that he loves his children. The
[C]hildren’s feelings toward [Father] are harder to discern.
[Bryant] testified that [J.P.P., II] has become more aggressive
with [Father] recently. [J.F.P.] tries to hit Father when Father tells
him no. [K.M.P.] has recently been rebelling against Father.
However, Bryant also testified that the [C]hildren are generally
excited to see Father at the visits.
Turning now to[] the welfare of the [C]hildren, through their
legal counsel, the [C]hildren have expressed a desire to stay in
their foster care placements and not return home. Further, the
[C]hildren have made significant developmental progress in their
placements, attending school and receiving necessary medical and
mental health services. Both [K.M.P.] and [J.P.P., II], are in the
life skills classroom, and [J.F.P.] is in the multi-disability
classroom. All three children have IEPs, and Father has not
participated in the preparation of any of them. The [C]hildren’s
placements also tend to their medical and mental health needs as
well. Both [J.P.P., II] and [J.F.P.] need medication therapy for
their ADHD and outpatient therapy. We have no reason to believe
Father would continue these therapies if the [C]hildren were
returned to him.
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Father has shown that he is either incapable or unwilling to
address [the C]hildren’s needs through his continued refusal to
obtain stable housing, parent them appropriately, or participate in
the court-ordered services that will grow his parenting skills and
meet [the C]hildren’s needs. The [C]hildren need permanency
and stability, which is provided to them through their current
placements, which are permanency resources. We have no
assurances that Father will attend to the [C]hildren’s specialized
educational and emotional needs. Accordingly, the record,
supports terminating Father’s parental rights would be in the best
interest of the Children.
Orphans’ Court Opinion, 5/12/23, at 26-27 (internal punctuation corrected)
(citations to record omitted).
Upon review, we discern no abuse of discretion. The record supports
the court’s finding that the Children’s developmental, physical, and emotional
needs and welfare favor termination of parental rights pursuant to section
2511(b). See T.S.M., 71 A.3d at 267.
Father participated in a total of 34 of 47 visits, attending 11 of 12 visits
since August 2022. See N.T., 2/2/23, at 100. However, his visitation with
the Children remained supervised and never progressed to unsupervised
interactions with the Children. See Orders of Adjudication and Disposition,
12/7/21, at ¶ 26(a); see also Permanency Review Orders, 8/25/22 &
3/17/22, at ¶ 32(a). Additionally, in August 2022, visitation was reduced from
two-hour weekly visits to one and one-half hours bi-weekly visits due to
concerns regarding the length of visits, the Children being ready to leave
early, and Father’s inability to control their behavior. Father’s lack of
interaction and negative behaviors also concerned Agency workers. See
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Permanency Review Orders, 8/25/22, at ¶¶ 4(b), 7(b), 32(a); see also N.T.,
2/2/23, at 101, 176.
Bryant, who was involved in supervising Father’s visitation through
COPE, observed that the Children were excited and “seem happy to be in a
visit” when visiting with Father. N.T., 2/2/23, at 118-20. However, she
testified that Father spent a lot of time during visitation talking to staff. Id.
at 101. Further, Bryant described that the Children’s behavior during
visitation had become more “verbal” and “aggressive.” Id. at 102-03, 117-
18. She explained,
[J.P.P., II] has -- I would say his behavior has gotten worse over
the past few months. During the visits, he is very verbal, very
aggressive, swears a lot, calls names.
[J.F.P.] tends to try to hit [Father], if there is any -- if he tells him
no or anything. His first reaction is to hit him, and I would say
[K.M.P.]’s behavior, she’s become a lot more verbal as well.
If [Father] asks her to do something, even if it’s just come give
daddy a hug, there is lot of noes. She kind of rebels against it.
Id. at 102. Bryant continued, “They’re out of control, and [Father] will even
say that their behaviors are a lot worse and that they are -- they are hard to
control.” Id. at 104. She testified that Father used “yelling,” corporal
punishment, and “verbal commands and threats” to discipline the Children.
Id. at 103-04. Bryant stated,
I absolutely think that [Father] loves his children. I think that,
you know, the way that -- this is my opinion. I don’t have any,
you know, documentation to say otherwise. It’s just the way he
presents himself to them may become -- may appear to be more
aggressive than, you know, than what we would -- we would
advocate for, you know, as far in the parenting, the way that he
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disciplines, you know, grabbing them by their arms and smacking
them. That’s like -- that’s not one of the things that we would
recommend.
Id. at 119. As a result, Bryant indicated that COPE has had to intervene in
Father’s visitation with the Children “numerous times.” Id. at 107, 114. She
further raised concerns that Father made threatening and aggressive
statements in front of the Children. See id. at 110-12, 114.
Moreover, the Children all have special educational and therapeutic
needs. As Smith indicated, all three have individualized education programs,
and are receiving therapy and/or medication and/or in the process of doing
so.14 See id. at 140-47. Smith stated Father does not understand and cannot
meet such needs. See id. at 168, 170. She testified:
[Father] just refuses to follow through with services that are
needed for the kids because he is too busy telling people that they
have to follow his schedule or he will come when they need him
to come or he doesn’t understand the importance of the
consistency that [the Children] need, that they need that weekly
therapy or that med management appointment and not just
because it doesn’t work around his schedule. They have to go to
the appointments. They all three have delays.
____________________________________________
14 At the time of adjudication, the Children “all had significant cognitive and
developmental delays; including speech delays, and not being potty trained.”
Orders of Adjudication and Disposition, 12/7/21, at ¶ 1(c); see also N.T.,
2/2/23, at 181-82. J.F.P. was diagnosed with autism in October 2022. At the
time of the hearing, Smith testified that he was in the process of being
assigned an intensive behavioral health specialist and had an appointment
scheduled with regard to medication for ADHD. See N.T., 2/2/23, at 144.
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Id. at 169. Smith reported that the Children were doing well medically and
educationally and receiving the necessary treatment and services with their
placements. See id. at 140-47.
Bryant testified that the Children, who had been placed for
approximately fourteen months15 indicated that they do not want to return
home. She stated, “[T]he last six months they have -- they have really started
to say we are not coming home. We are not coming to live with [Father] . . ..”
Id. at 116. As a result, Bryant opined that it is in the best interests of the
Children to terminate Father’s parental rights. Id. at 170.
We conclude the record supports the Orphans’ Court’s determination
termination of Father’s parental rights best serves the Children’s
developmental, physical, and emotional needs and welfare pursuant to section
2511(b), despite evidence that the Children had affection for him. As such,
we do not disturb the Orphans’ Court’s determination.16
____________________________________________
15 Subsequent to the March 2022 permanency review hearing, J.F.P. was
placed in a separate foster home from his siblings, where he remained. See
Permanency Review Order (J.F.P.), 8/25/22, at ¶ 4(d).
16 Father waived his challenge to the Orphans’ Court’s reliance on expert
opinions, see Father’s Brief at 14-15, by failing to assert that claim in his
concise statement of errors complained of on appeal and statement of
questions involved. See In re M.Z.T.M.W., 163 A.3d 462, 465-66 (Pa. Super.
2017) (citations omitted) (explaining, in part, this Court will not review an
appellant’s claim unless it is included in both the concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal and statement of questions involved).
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Because Father failed to show the Orphans’ Court abused its discretion
in finding grounds for termination pursuant to section 2511(a)(2) and
termination of Father’s parental rights favors the Children’s needs and welfare
pursuant to section 2511(b), he is due no relief. For the foregoing reasons,
we affirm the termination decrees.17
Decrees affirmed.
Date: 10/11/2023
____________________________________________
17 To the extent that Father argues that the findings of fact in the subject
decrees were adopted from the termination petitions, see Father’s Brief at 7-
8, this claim does not entitle Father to relief. In the instant matter, as
discussed above, there is ample evidence in the record to support the decrees
and we do not disturb them.
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