Com. v. Masood, S. ( 2021 )

J-S45026-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
SAAD MASOOD :
:
Appellant : No. 2727 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered August 20, 2019,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division at No(s): MC-51-MD-0000174-2019,
MC-51-MD-0000175-2019.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
SAAD MASOOD :
:
Appellant : No. 2728 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered August 20, 2019,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division at No(s): MC-51-MD-0000174-2019,
MC-51-MD-0000175-2019.
BEFORE: BOWES, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and MURRAY, J.
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED: MAY 28, 2021
Saad Masood appeals from the judgments of sentence imposed at two
criminal dockets following his conviction of two counts of direct criminal
J-S45026-20
contempt.1 We affirm Masood’s convictions, vacate his judgments of
sentence, and remand for resentencing at both dockets.
The relevant factual and procedural history can be summarized as
follows. Masood had been charged with criminal offenses at two dockets which
were consolidated for trial. During a break in that trial, Masood screamed
obscenities at the prosecutor while she was walking down the hallway to
another courtroom. Specifically, Masood called the prosecutor a f--king bitch,
a f--king whore and told her to go f--k herself. During another recess in that
trial, the trial court judge saw Masood make a gesture toward the side of the
room where the prosecutor was sitting. The judge was later informed by court
staff that the gesture Masood made was a double-middle-finger gesture.
While the jury deliberated his criminal charges, the trial court held a
separate hearing to determine whether Masood committed direct criminal
contempt. The court heard testimony from the prosecutor, who testified
regarding the obscenities that Masood screamed at her, as well as comment’s
from Masood’s counsel regarding the incidents. Thereafter, Masood admitted
that he said those things to the prosecutor. N.T., 8/20/19, at 4-5. The trial
court additionally asked Masood if he had made a double-middle-finger
gesture toward the prosecutor, and Masood admitted that he did. Id. at 9-
10.
____________________________________________
1 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 4132(3).
-2-
J-S45026-20
Based on this evidence, the trial court found Masood guilty of two counts
of direct criminal contempt and imposed a sentence of thirty days on the first
count of contempt pertaining to Masood’s screaming obscenities at the
prosecutor. The court imposed no further penalty on the second count of
direct criminal contempt pertaining to Masood’s double-middle-finger gesture
toward the prosecutor. The order imposing judgment of sentence for the
direct criminal contempt convictions was filed at both dockets. Masood
thereafter filed a single pro se notice of appeal of the judgment of sentence
at one docket which listed both docket numbers.2
Subsequently, on December 27, 2019, this Court issued a rule to show
cause at each of the above-listed cases as to why the appeal should not be
quashed in light of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s holding on June 1, 2018,
in Commonwealth v. Walker, 185 A.3d 969, 971 (Pa. 2018) (requiring a
separate notice of appeal to be filed at each docket where a single order
resolves issues arising on more than one docket); see also Pa.R.A.P. 341,
Comment. Masood filed responses to the rules to show cause on December
30, 2019. On January 17, 2020, this Court issued a per curiam order which
sua sponte consolidated the appeals without prejudice for the merits panel to
quash either or both of the appeals upon review.
____________________________________________
2 The trial court did not order Masood to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise
statement. In lieu of filing a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion, the trial court referred
this Court to the notes of testimony for the contempt proceeding.
-3-
J-S45026-20
On appeal, Masood raises the following issues for our review.
1. Should this Court quash either of . . . Masood’s appeals?
2. Did the proceedings in the lower court violate . . . Masood’s
rights to due process?
3. Did the trial court impose an illegal sentence?
Masood’s Brief at 5 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
Before we reach the merits of the issues Masood presents on appeal, we
first must address this Court’s rules to show cause. In Walker, the High Court
held prospectively that where, as here, a single order resolves issues arising
on more than one docket, an appellant’s failure to file a separate notice of
appeal for each case will result in quashal. See 185 A.3d at 977; see also
Pa.R.A.P. 341, Comment.
In his responses to the rules to show cause, Masood concedes that his
single pro se notice of appeal did not comply with Rule 341 because it was
filed at only one docket and contained two trial court docket numbers.
However, Masood argues that, when he filed the single notice of appeal, he
was incarcerated, and “due to the expense of doing so, it was not feasible for
[Masood] to file two [n]otices of [a]ppeal as required by Pa.R.A.P. 341 and
confirmed in [Walker].” Response to Rule to Show Cause, 12/30/19, at 2
(unnumbered).3 Masood further argues that his defense counsel subsequently
____________________________________________
3 At each of the two docket numbers, the certified record contains a notice of
appeal bearing both docket numbers, suggesting that separate notices of
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
-4-
J-S45026-20
“provided this Court with the requisite documentation, i.e., [d]ocketing
statements, applications for extension of time, for the appeals of both cases.”
Id. (unnecessary capitalization omitted)
As noted above, the failure to file separate notices of appeal from an
order involving more than one docket requires the appellate court to quash
the appeals. Walker, 185 A.3d at 977. Instantly, Masood indicates that he
understood that he was required to file a separate notice of appeal at each
docket. Nevertheless, he filed a single pro se notice of appeal at only one
docket which notice listed multiple docket numbers. Masood filed no notice of
appeal at the other docket. Thus, under Walker, quashal would be
appropriate.
However, our inquiry does not end here. Before our Court may quash
the instant appeal, we must determine whether an administrative breakdown
in the court system excuses the improper filing of the notice of appeal. See
Commonwealth v. Patterson, 940 A.2d 493, 498 (Pa. Super. 2007). This
Court has held that the failure to advise a defendant of his post-sentence and
appellate rights constitutes a breakdown in the court system. See id.____________________________________________
appeal were filed at each docket number. However, closer examination
reveals that the notices of appeal at Nos. MC-51-MD-0000174-2019 and MC-
51-MD-0000175-2019 are photocopies of one original notice of appeal filed at
MC-51-MD-0000174-2019. This is consistent with Masood’s candid admission
in his responses to the rules to show cause that he styled the notice of appeal
as a single document referencing the two docket numbers at which he sought
to appeal. See Response to Rule to Show Cause, 12/30/19, at 2
(unnumbered).
-5-
J-S45026-20
(compiling cases in which the “courts of this Commonwealth have held that a
court breakdown occurred in instances where the trial court, at the time of
sentencing, either failed to advise [a]ppellant of his post-sentence and
appellate rights or misadvised him”).
Additionally, Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 704(C)(3)(a)
states that, at the time of sentencing, “[t]he judge shall determine on the
record that the defendant has been advised . . . of the right to file a post-
sentence motion and to appeal, [and] of the time within which the defendant
must exercise those rights[.]” Pa.R.Crim.P. 704(C)(3)(a). The Comment to
this Rule provides that “[t]his rule is intended to promote . . . fair sentencing
procedures . . . by requiring that the defendant be fully informed of his or her
post-sentence rights and the procedural requirements which must be met to
preserve those rights.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 704, Comment; see also Patterson,
940 A.2d at 498.
Masood points out that neither the trial court nor defense counsel
advised him of his post-sentence and appellate rights after he was sentenced
on the contempt convictions. Our independent review of the record confirms
that Masood was not informed of his post-sentence or appellate rights, or the
procedural requirements which must be met to preserve those rights. See
N.T. Sentencing, 8/20/19, at 13. Specifically, he was not informed that he
needed to file a separate notice of appeal at each docket listing the single
docket number at issue. Nor was Masood informed that, if he failed to follow
-6-
J-S45026-20
this particular procedure, his appeals could be quashed. In our view, this
failure by the trial court constitutes a breakdown in the court system.
Accordingly, we decline to find quashal, and will address Masood’s remaining
issues on appeal.4
In his second issue, Masood argues that the trial court violated his right
to due process when it compelled him to incriminate himself during the
criminal contempt proceedings. Notably, Masood did not raise this issue
before the trial court, and therefore failed to preserve it for our review. See
Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (providing that issues not raised in the lower court are
waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal). Thus, his second
issue warrants no relief.
In his final issue, Masood contends that his thirty-day jail sentence for
direct criminal contempt is illegal.5 According to Masood, sentences for direct
____________________________________________
4 Masood’s first issue addresses his non-compliance with Pa.R.A.P. 341, and
whether he should be excused for such non-compliance due to a breakdown
in the court system. As we have already addressed that issue, we need only
address his second and third issues.
5 While the trial court stated on the record that it found that Masood committed
indirect criminal contempt, see N.T., 8/20/19, at 6, 11, the sentencing order
indicates that he committed direct criminal contempt by violating 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 4132(3) (“misbehavior of any person in the presence of the court,
thereby obstructing the administration of justice”), see Sentencing Order,
8/20/19, at 1-2. Based on our review, we conclude that Masood’s conduct
constitutes direct criminal contempt. As our Supreme Court has explained,
“[w]here that disobedience or misbehavior occurs in the actual presence of
the court or has the capacity of directly affecting the proceeding then in
progress, it may be properly classified as a direct or the most grievous type
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
-7-
J-S45026-20
criminal contempt must be imposed according to the Sentencing Code, which
mandates that the court impose a minimum sentence, which shall not exceed
one-half of the maximum. Masood’s Brief at 13 (citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9756(b)). Masood maintains that his flat sentence of thirty days does not
satisfy this requirement and is therefore illegal.
In this Commonwealth, courts have the inherent power and the
statutory authority to impose summary punishment for direct criminal
contempt for willful misconduct that occurs in the presence of the court and
obstructs its fair and orderly process, including confinement if deemed
necessary. See Moody, 125 A.3d at 9, 13; see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 4132.
____________________________________________
of contempt.” Commonwealth v. Marcone, 410 A.2d 759, 763 (Pa. 1980).
All other behavior which may have a more remote impact upon the dignity of
the court and its ability to fulfill its responsibilities are classified as indirect
criminal contempts. Id. Here, even though the trial court did not see or hear
Masood’s contumacious actions, the trial court need not personally observe
such conduct to find direct criminal contempt. See Commonwealth v.
Moody, 125 A.3d 1, 12 (Pa. 2015). Instead, such conduct constitutes direct
criminal contempt if it occurs anywhere within the presence of the court. See
id. at 9; see also Commonwealth v. Falana, 696 A.2d 126, 129 (Pa. 1997)
(upholding direct criminal contempt conviction for remarks made in the court’s
presence, in open court, even though the court did not hear them); see also
Ex parte Savin, 131 U.S. 267, 277 (1889) (holding that “the court, at least
when in session, is present in every part of the place set apart for its own use,
and for the use of its officers, jurors, and witnesses: and misbehavior
anywhere in such place is misbehavior in the presence of the court”). Thus,
as Masood’s misconduct occurred in places set apart for the court’s own use
or for the use of its officers, jurors, and witnesses (i.e., the courtroom and the
courthouse hallway), and directly affected the proceeding then in progress,
Masood’s actions constitute direct criminal contempt.
-8-
J-S45026-20
Nevertheless, because criminal contempt is a crime punishable by
imprisonment, sentences must be imposed according to the Sentencing Code,
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9701 et seq. See Falkenhan, 452 A.2d at 758. The
Sentencing Code mandates that the sentencing court impose not only a
maximum sentence, but also a minimum sentence which shall not exceed one-
half the maximum. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9756(b). A flat sentence does not
satisfy this requirement. See Commonwealth v. Williams, 753 A.2d 856,
865 (Pa. Super. 2000) (vacating appellant’s flat sentence of five months and
twenty-nine days for direct criminal contempt where no minimum sentence
was imposed); see also Commonwealth v. Cain, 637 A.2d 656, 658 (Pa.
Super. 1994) (vacating a flat sentence of one year imprisonment for direct
criminal contempt where no minimum sentence was imposed).6
Here, the trial court imposed a thirty-day aggregate prison sentence for
two counts of direct criminal contempt, but failed to provide a minimum term
of incarceration. We agree with Masood that this was improper. Where a
____________________________________________
6 We are aware of this Court’s decision in Wagner v. Wagner, 564 A.2d 162(Pa. Super. 1989), appeal denied, 578 A.2d 415 (Pa. 1990) in which we held
that a flat six month sentence for indirect criminal contempt under the former
Protection From Abuse Act (“PFA”) (35 P.S. §§ 10181-1090.2, repealed, now
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6101 et. seq.) was not illegal because of the trial court’s failure
to impose a minimum sentence. However, in Williams, 753 A.2d 865 n.6,
we read Wagner to apply only to sentences imposed as a result of indirect
contempt proceedings brought under the express statutory provisions of the
PFA and not those imposed for direct criminal contempt. Thus, as we held in
Williams, we deem Cain to be the controlling authority in the instant case
since Cain involved a conviction for direct criminal contempt.
-9-
J-S45026-20
court neglects to mention a minimum sentence, appellate courts ordinarily will
not fill in the missing element, but will vacate the sentence and remand for
resentencing. Cain, 637 A.2d at 658. Accordingly, we affirm Masood’s
convictions, but vacate the judgments of sentence and remand this matter to
the trial court for resentencing at both dockets.
Convictions affirmed. Judgments of sentence vacated; cases remanded
for resentencing. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/28/21
- 10 -