Com. v. Muldrow, T. ( 2024 )

J-S33029-24
2024 PA Super 263NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
THADDEUS MARCEL MULDROW :
:
Appellant : No. 1622 MDA 2023
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered October 25, 2023
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lebanon County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-38-CR-0000728-2020
BEFORE: OLSON, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and NICHOLS, J.
OPINION BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED: NOVEMBER 8, 2024
Thaddeus Marcel Muldrow filed a notice of appeal thirty-three days after
he was sentenced for violating parole. This appeal is timely only if the day
after Thanksgiving—the thirtieth day after Muldrow’s sentencing—is a “day
made a legal holiday” by the laws of Pennsylvania or the United States. 1
Pa.C.S. § 1908; see Pa.R.J.A. 107. We hold that it is not. If the correct filing
office is open on that day, time limits to file documents in that office are not
extended to the following Monday. Accordingly, we quash this appeal.
On October 25, 2023, the trial court found that Muldrow violated his
parole and sentenced him. Muldrow did not file a post-sentence motion. He
filed a notice of appeal on November 27, 2023.
Generally, a criminal defendant must file a notice of appeal “within 30
days of the imposition of the judgment of sentence in open court.” Pa.R.A.P.
J-S33029-24
903(a), (c)(3); see Pa.R.Crim.P. 708, comment (explaining that an appeal in
a violation case “must be filed within the 30-day appeal period” if the judge
does not grant reconsideration or vacate the sentence). At the time of
Muldrow’s violation sentencing, this time limit was construed according to
Section 1908 of the Statutory Construction Act. Commonwealth v. Fill, 202
A.3d 133, 138 (Pa. Super. 2019); see Pa.R.A.P. 107 (effective July 1, 1976–
December 31, 2023). That statute provides:
When any period of time is referred to in any statute, such period
in all cases, except as otherwise provided in section 1909 of this
title (relating to publication for successive weeks) and section
1910 of this title (relating to computation of months) shall be so
computed as to exclude the first and include the last day of such
period. Whenever the last day of any such period shall fall on
Saturday or Sunday, or on any day made a legal holiday by the
laws of this Commonwealth or of the United States, such day shall
be omitted from the computation.
1 Pa.C.S. § 1908.1
Here, the last day for Muldrow to file his appeal was thirty days after
October 25, 2023, which was Friday, November 24, 2023, the day after
Thanksgiving.
We hold that under Section 1908, the day after Thanksgiving is not a
legal holiday. To determine whether a day is “made a legal holiday,” we
consider the enactments of the General Assembly and Congress. Bassett v.
Bassett, 671 A.2d 661, 662 (Pa. 1995). Neither body has designated the day
____________________________________________
1 The applicable authority is now Pennsylvania Rule of Judicial Administration
107, which is substantively identical to Section 1908. See Pa.R.Crim.P.
101(c) (effective January 1, 2024); Pa.R.A.P. 107 (effective January 1, 2024).
-2-
J-S33029-24
after Thanksgiving as a legal holiday. See 44 P.S. § 11; 5 U.S.C. § 6103(a).
Therefore, Section 1908 does not omit that day from a time computation.
Muldrow’s arguments to the contrary do not persuade us that the day
after Thanksgiving is “made a legal holiday” by state or federal law. He
provides official holiday lists from the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and the
Secretary of Administration. We read these executive- and judicial-branch
declarations only to control the offices they identify: “administrative offices of
State Government” and “employees of the appellate courts and the
Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts,” respectively. Neither purports
to establish the law of the Commonwealth for purposes of court filings, and
we decline to infer such a result.
Muldrow candidly acknowledges that the Clerk of Courts of Lebanon
County was open for business on Friday, November 24, 2023. He argues,
however, that the employees’ choice to work on that day “does not alter the
status of the day as a legal holiday.” Bassett, 671 A.2d at 662. While we
agree that the status of the day after Thanksgiving does not depend on
whether the filing office was open, we reiterate that the legislature did not
designate that day as a legal holiday.
In sum, the day after Thanksgiving is not “made a legal holiday by the
laws of this Commonwealth or of the United States.” 1 Pa.C.S. § 1908; see
Pa.R.J.A. 107(b). If the day after Thanksgiving is the time limit to file a notice
-3-
J-S33029-24
of appeal, and the correct filing office for a notice of appeal is open,2 then the
time to appeal is not extended to the following Monday. That happened here.
Accordingly, we quash the appeal as untimely.
Appeal quashed.
Judgment Entered.
Benjamin D. Kohler, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/08/2024
____________________________________________
2 Neither Section 1908 nor Rule of Judicial Administration 107(b) addresses
the closure of a filing office on a non-holiday. However, if the office is closed,
we have held that this amounts to a breakdown in court operations, and we
have allowed the appeal to be filed the following business day. See
Commonwealth v. Koeck, 520 A.2d 53, 55–56 (Pa. Super. 1987).
-4-