Firlando Rivera v. State of Rhode Island ( 2013 )

Supreme Court
No. 2011-322-Appeal.
(PM04-1056)
Firlando Rivera :
v. :
State of Rhode Island. :
Present: Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and Indeglia, JJ.
OPINION
Justice Indeglia, for the Court. Firlando Rivera (Rivera or applicant) appeals from a
Superior Court judgment denying his application for postconviction relief. On appeal, Rivera
contends that the hearing justice erred in rejecting his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.
This case came before the Supreme Court for oral argument on October 23, 2012, pursuant to an
order directing the parties to appear and show cause why the issues raised in this appeal should
not be summarily decided. After carefully considering the written and oral submissions of the
parties, we are satisfied that this appeal may be resolved without further briefing or argument.
For the reasons set forth in this opinion, we affirm the judgment of the Superior Court.
I
Facts and Travel
A
Trial and Appeal
The facts underlying this case are set forth in State v. Rivera, 839 A.2d 497 (R.I. 2003),
in which this Court upheld Rivera’s judgments of conviction. In short, in the early morning
hours of November 23, 1997, Rivera and three acquaintances—Hector Vasquez, John Muniz,
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and Dwight Withee—became involved in a confrontation with Edward “Chipper” Wilson IV and
Robert K. Rhoades at the Weiner Palace in Woonsocket. 1 See Rivera, 839 A.2d at 499. What
began as a verbal altercation escalated into physical violence that ultimately led to Wilson’s
death after he was shot in the head. Id.On October 19, 1999, a Superior Court jury convicted Rivera of first-degree murder and
three firearms charges. The trial justice denied Rivera’s motion for a new trial on October 27,
1999. Several months later, on February 3, 2000, the trial justice sentenced Rivera to a
mandatory sentence of life imprisonment for murder. He also imposed a ten-year suspended
sentence and a ten-year probationary term for one of the firearms charges; for each of the other
two firearms charges, he imposed a ten-year jail term. The sentences on the firearms charges
were to run concurrently with the life sentence. The trial justice also declared Rivera to be a
habitual offender in accordance with G.L. 1956 § 12-19-21. Pursuant to that statute, he
sentenced Rivera to an additional twenty years in jail for which he would be ineligible to seek
parole; this sentence was to run consecutively to the life sentence. Judgment of conviction was
entered thereafter.
Rivera then timely appealed his convictions to this Court. After reviewing the record, we
affirmed his convictions on all counts and denied his appeal on November 19, 2003. See Rivera,
839 A.2d at 504.
1
Although our opinion did not identify Rivera’s three acquaintances, those men were identified
during the postconviction-relief hearing. Hector Vasquez’s name is spelled differently at
different points in the record.
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B
Postconviction-Relief Proceedings
On February 27, 2004, Rivera filed a pro se application for postconviction relief. Rivera
was appointed counsel about one month later. On March 29, 2006, counsel filed a verified
complaint in support of Rivera’s application for postconviction relief. Unlike Rivera’s original
application, which contained allegations of a general nature, the verified complaint contained
seven specific grounds as to which he alleged ineffective assistance of counsel. Those grounds
were as follows: (1) attorney conflict of interest; (2) failure to raise a third-party perpetrator
defense; (3) failure to pursue a motion to suppress; (4) failure to investigate or conduct pretrial
preparation; (5) failure to conduct pretrial investigation; (6) failure to raise a motion for a speedy
trial; and (7) failure to preserve issues at trial. In a later filing, Rivera abandoned several of these
arguments, stating that he intended to press only four grounds of alleged ineffective assistance of
counsel: that his attorneys were conflicted in their representation of him; that they failed to
adequately investigate and prepare for trial; that they failed to pursue a motion to suppress; and
that they failed to mount a third-party perpetrator defense.
An evidentiary hearing on Rivera’s application was held on February 10 and 11, 2011. 2
The justice who presided over that hearing had also presided over Rivera’s jury trial in 1999.
Three witnesses testified at the hearing: Matthew Smith, one of the two attorneys who
represented Rivera at trial; John Verdecchia, Smith’s co-counsel; and Dwight Withee, an
2
The record offers little explanation for the extraordinary delay in this case. In a letter dated
September 7, 2010, Rivera’s postconviction counsel explained to the hearing justice that “[m]uch
of that [delay] has to do with the fact that * * * [Rivera’s] strategy has changed several times.”
We note that the state did not file a memorandum in response to Rivera’s application for
postconviction relief until November 14, 2008.
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acquaintance of Rivera’s who was with him at the Weiner Palace at the time of the shooting.
Below, we summarize the relevant evidence adduced at the hearing.
i
Testimony Concerning Conflict of Interest
Rivera’s primary argument at the postconviction-relief hearing was that his trial attorneys
had represented him while laboring under a conflict of interest. This conflict, Rivera argued,
stemmed from Smith’s and Verdecchia’s representation of Hector Vasquez. Vasquez was an
acquaintance of Rivera’s and was with him at the Weiner Palace on the night of the murder.
Rivera contended that an “inherent” conflict of interest resulted from Smith’s and Verdecchia’s
representation of Vasquez during a key period of their representation of Rivera.
Rivera’s postconviction counsel elicited testimony from both Smith and Verdecchia
about this purported conflict of interest. Smith testified that he and Verdecchia jointly
represented Rivera in connection with the charges that stemmed from Wilson’s murder. 3
Although Smith did not open a file on Rivera until January 7, 1998, he stated that he and
Verdecchia represented Rivera as of December 1997, when Rivera was presented in the Superior
Court as a violator of a previously imposed probation.
Smith explained that in late 1997 he and Verdecchia also represented Vasquez in
connection with federal narcotics charges that were unrelated to Wilson’s murder. Smith’s
representation of Vasquez on these charges concluded when Vasquez entered a plea in federal
court on June 19, 1998. Smith confirmed on cross-examination that Rivera’s murder charge and
Vasquez’s narcotics charges were “entirely separate and distinct” and that those two cases had
“absolutely nothing to do with [each] other.”
3
Although Smith and Verdecchia were not formally associated in the practice of law, both of
them testified that they worked together on cases from time to time.
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Smith testified that shortly after the murder occurred Verdecchia brought Vasquez to the
Woonsocket police station to give a statement in connection with the investigation. Vasquez’s
statement was admitted as a full exhibit at the postconviction-relief hearing. In that statement,
Vasquez told the police (1) that he was in the restroom at the Weiner Palace and that he came out
when he heard shots; (2) that he did not see Rivera fight with Wilson; and (3) that he did not see
Rivera shoot Wilson. Vasquez told the police that, before going to the station to give his
statement, he had spoken with Rivera by telephone. When an officer asked Vasquez whether
Rivera had told him “what he [Rivera] allegedly did,” Vasquez replied that Rivera had not done
so. In addition, Vasquez told the police that when he advised Rivera of his intent to give a
statement, Rivera told him: “That’s your decision.”
Smith testified that although he “would like to think” that he discussed with Rivera the
issue of a possible conflict concerning the concurrent representation of Vasquez, he was “not
prepared to say under oath” that he had such a conversation. Smith did recall that he and
Verdecchia had Rivera “sign something related to a potential conflict of interest.” Smith was
“certain” that he had not brought this issue to the court’s attention before trial. Smith averred,
however, that Rivera’s family—and perhaps Rivera himself—knew that Vasquez would be
giving a statement and that Verdecchia would be present.
Verdecchia testified that he, too, was representing Vasquez when Vasquez spoke with
police after the murder. 4 Verdecchia did not specify exactly what his representation of Vasquez
on November 23, 1997, entailed; he testified only that Vasquez had contacted him and had come
4
Although the record is somewhat unclear on this subject, Verdecchia testified that he had
previously represented Vasquez when he pled nolo contendere to a charge of simple assault in
October 1997. Vasquez was later presented as a violator in December 1997, and several new
charges were also filed against him. The new charges, which included narcotics offenses, were
ultimately prosecuted in federal court. As noted above, Smith represented Vasquez on those
charges, which were resolved through a plea agreement in June 1998.
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to his office. Verdecchia explained that he felt Rivera’s defense would be bolstered by
Vasquez’s statement to the police. During cross-examination, he elaborated on this subject:
“ * * * [T]he main purpose for bringing Mr. Vasquez to the police
station to give a statement was not because the Woonsocket Police
considered him a viable suspect. My impression, then, as it is now,
is that the Woonsocket Police considered him to be a percipient
witness because he was at the site, at the scene on the night in
question. Now, after speaking with Mr. Vasquez about the events
on that night, we decided—and this was a collective agreement—
that we would bring [Vasquez] up to the Woonsocket Police
station * * * in order to give testimony, which we felt was actually
beneficial to Mr. Rivera.”
Verdecchia did not recall having Rivera execute a written waiver of any conflict that
might exist in connection with his and Smith’s representation of Vasquez. Like Smith,
Verdecchia did not disclose to the trial court any potential conflict that might have stemmed
from his representation of Rivera and Vasquez because “[he] never felt there was a conflict.”
When asked on cross-examination whether he “in any way [felt] any allegiance to Mr. Vasquez
that prevented [him] from effectively representing [Rivera],” Verdecchia stated: “Absolutely
not.”
ii
Testimony Concerning Strategic Decisions
Rivera also sought to prove that his attorneys had erred in making two major strategic
decisions: abandoning a motion to suppress evidence of photo arrays, and deciding not to mount
a third-party perpetrator defense. Smith and Verdecchia explained their reasoning underlying
both these decisions. As for their decision not to pursue a motion to suppress evidence, Smith
and Verdecchia both testified that they felt the motion would be futile for two reasons. First,
they agreed that there was nothing inherently suggestive about the photo arrays that would
provide grounds for a motion to suppress. Second, they believed it would be better to highlight
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some irregularities with the photo arrays through cross-examination at trial rather than “tip[ ]
[their] hand” at a suppression hearing. Verdecchia elaborated on this decision as follows:
“ * * * [W]e initially filed the motion to suppress out of an
abundance of caution and, at the time we filed it, thought that,
perhaps, there might be a ground to suppress the identification.
But, after doing more detailed review, we felt that [the] motion
would in all likelihood fail, because although there were some
irregularities in the methodology that was employed by the
Woonsocket Police Department, * * *, we felt that would go to the
weight as opposed to the admissibility of the * * * photo pack[s] *
* *.
“ * * * Had we pursued what ultimately would have been
an unsuccessful suppression motion, we essentially would have
tipped our hand, not only to * * * the prosecutor, but, more
importantly, to the police officers who would be testifying, not
only at the suppression hearing, but then at the trial.”
As for their decision not to mount a third-party perpetrator defense, both attorneys
testified that this defense was not supported by either the discovery or their own investigation of
the case. Smith and Verdecchia both noted that Rivera was the only person who had been
identified as the shooter, and both attorneys testified that Rivera did not suggest to them that
another person had been the shooter. On cross-examination, Verdecchia confirmed that
“[Rivera’s] case was reviewed in intimate detail, and also in consultation with [Rivera], and,
based on those two factors, we decided to proceed with what we thought was the most effective
defense * * *.” In response to an inquiry from the hearing justice, Verdecchia testified that he
and Smith had discussed strategic decisions with Rivera and that Rivera “was inclined to agree
[with those decisions] after [they were] explained to him.”
Withee also provided testimony relating to Rivera’s claim that his attorneys should have
pursued a third-party perpetrator defense. He testified that he and Vasquez were both at the
Weiner Palace on the night Wilson was murdered. Withee either saw or heard the altercation
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that led to Wilson’s death. 5 He then “decided to get out of the area * * *.” As he left, he heard
gunshots; Withee then ran away from the scene. He testified that Vasquez was by his side at this
point and that there was no way that Vasquez could have fired the bullet that killed Wilson.
iii
The Hearing Justice’s Decision
After both parties had rested, the hearing justice rendered a bench decision in which he
denied Rivera’s application for postconviction relief. The hearing justice addressed and, in turn,
rejected each of Rivera’s arguments underlying his allegation of ineffective assistance of
counsel. As for Rivera’s contention that his trial counsel were ineffective in failing to pursue a
motion to suppress, the hearing justice noted that there was “nothing suggestive” about the photo
arrays that were introduced into evidence at trial. Crediting Smith’s and Verdecchia’s testimony,
the hearing justice concluded that trial counsel had made a prudent tactical decision not to pursue
the motion to suppress. He noted that Rivera’s attorneys were “rather successful[ ]” in exposing
irregularities with the photo arrays at trial and that the Woonsocket police probably were
“somewhat embarrassed” as a result.
As to Rivera’s assertion that his attorneys were ineffective in failing to pursue a third-
party perpetrator defense, the hearing justice stated that Smith and Verdecchia “rightly decided
that it was not a viable theory of defense.” The hearing justice noted that it was Rivera, not
Vasquez, who had a physical altercation with Wilson. He also found that no one ever identified
Vasquez as the person who shot the victim and that Rivera was the only person who was so
identified. Under these facts, the hearing justice characterized Smith’s and Verdecchia’s
decision concerning a third-party perpetrator defense as “sound.”
5
Withee provided conflicting testimony as to whether he saw or merely heard the altercation.
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Finally, as to Rivera’s argument that his attorneys were ineffective because they were
conflicted in their representation of him, the hearing justice found that Rivera’s attorneys neither
struggled to serve two clients nor actively represented conflicting interests. Concluding his
remarks from the bench, the hearing justice observed that Rivera’s conviction was not the result
of his attorneys’ performance, but rather of the weight of the credible evidence against him. The
hearing justice accordingly denied Rivera’s application for postconviction relief, and an order to
that effect was entered on February 18, 2011. Thereafter, Rivera timely appealed to this Court.
II
Issues on Appeal
On appeal, Rivera contends that the hearing justice erred in rejecting his argument that
he was denied the effective assistance of counsel. Reiterating the arguments his counsel
advanced at the postconviction-relief hearing, Rivera argues that he was deprived of his
constitutional right to the effective assistance of counsel because his trial attorneys had (1)
represented him while laboring under a conflict of interest; (2) failed to pursue a motion to
suppress; and (3) failed to mount a third-party perpetrator defense.
In his verified complaint supporting his application, Rivera set forth several additional
grounds of alleged ineffective assistance of counsel. Only the three grounds noted above have
been properly preserved for our review, and we deem the following grounds of appeal to be
waived: (1) the adequacy of his attorneys’ pretrial investigation and preparation; (2) their failure
to move for a speedy trial; and (3) their failure to preserve certain issues for appeal. 6 See
Wilkinson v. State Crime Laboratory Commission, 788 A.2d 1129, 1131 n.1 (R.I. 2002)
6
At the postconviction-relief hearing, Rivera adduced testimony relevant to the adequacy of his
attorneys’ pretrial investigation and preparation. He did not, however, raise this issue during
closing arguments at the hearing, and he did not object when the hearing justice did not discuss
this issue when he rendered his bench decision. Accordingly, we deem that issue to be waived.
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(“Simply stating an issue for appellate review, without a meaningful discussion thereof or legal
briefing of the issues, does not assist the Court in focusing on the legal questions raised, and
therefore constitutes a waiver of that issue.”).
III
Standard of Review
Rhode Island’s statutory postconviction remedy is set forth in G.L. 1956 chapter 9.1 of
title 10. Section 10-9.1-1 enumerates the circumstances in which “one who has been convicted
of a crime may seek collateral review of that conviction * * *.” See Anderson v. State, 45 A.3d
594, 601 (R.I. 2012) (quoting Rice v. State, 38 A.3d 9, 16 (R.I. 2012)). In reviewing an
application for postconviction relief, “[t]his Court will not impinge upon the fact-finding
function of a hearing justice * * * ‘absent clear error or a showing that the [hearing] justice
overlooked or misconceived material evidence in arriving at those findings.’” Id. (quoting
Chapdelaine v. State, 32 A.3d 937, 941 (R.I. 2011)).
We employ a de novo standard of review with regard to “questions of fact or mixed
questions of law and fact pertaining to an alleged violation of an applicant’s constitutional rights
* * *.” Anderson, 45 A.3d at 601 (quoting State v. Laurence, 18 A.3d 512, 521 (R.I. 2011)).
Even when applying the de novo standard of review to such issues, however, “we still accord a
hearing justice’s findings of historical fact, and inferences drawn from those facts, great
deference in conducting our review.” Id. (quoting Rice, 38 A.3d at 16). “An applicant who files
an application for postconviction relief bears the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the
evidence, that such relief is warranted.” Id. (quoting Mattatall v. State, 947 A.2d 896, 901 n.7
(R.I. 2008)).
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IV
Discussion
Criminal defendants have the right to the effective assistance of counsel under both the
United States Constitution and the Rhode Island Constitution. See State v. Laurence, 848 A.2d
238, 252 (R.I. 2004). When evaluating claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, this Court
employs the test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984).
See Chapdelaine, 32 A.3d at 941. In Pelletier v. State, 966 A.2d 1237 (R.I. 2009), we
summarized that test as follows:
“First, the defendant must show that counsel's performance was
deficient. This requires showing that counsel made errors so
serious that counsel was not functioning as the ‘counsel’
guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment. Second, the
defendant must show that the deficient performance prejudiced the
defense. This requires showing that counsel's errors were so
serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose
result is reliable. Unless a defendant makes both showings, it
cannot be said that the conviction * * * resulted from a breakdown
in the adversary process that renders the result unreliable.”
Pelletier, 966 A.2d at 1241 (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687).
As we have previously recognized, the United States Supreme Court has “cautioned that
the Strickland standard should not be applied overbroadly * * *.” Larngar v. Wall, 918 A.2d
850, 864 (R.I. 2007) (citing Nix v. Whiteside, 475 U.S. 157, 165 (1986)). “[W]hen determining
whether an attorney’s conduct amount[s] to ineffective assistance of counsel, ‘a court must be
careful not to narrow the wide range of conduct acceptable * * * so restrictively as to
constitutionalize particular standards of professional conduct * * *.’” Id. (quoting Nix, 475 U.S.
at 165). There is “a strong presumption * * * that an attorney’s performance falls within the
range of reasonable professional assistance and sound strategy * * *.” Rice, 38 A.3d at 17(quoting Ouimette v. State, 785 A.2d 1132, 1138-39 (R.I. 2001)). Keeping this presumption in
mind, we now address each of Rivera’s purported grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel.
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A
Conflict of Interest
A defendant cannot prevail on an allegation of ineffective assistance of counsel merely
by showing that his attorney had a potential conflict of interest during the representation.
Chapdelaine, 32 A.3d at 946. “[I]n order to demonstrate a violation of his [or her] Sixth
Amendment rights, a defendant must establish that an actual conflict of interest adversely
affected his [or her] lawyer’s performance.” State v. Pineda, 13 A.3d 623, 636 (R.I. 2011)
(quoting Cuyler v. Sullivan, 446 U.S. 335, 350 (1980)). The defendant must show “that the
attorney ‘struggle[d] to serve two masters’ meaning that ‘[his or her] actions [or inactions] were
motivated by divided loyalties’ and ‘lacked a sound strategic basis.’” Id. at 637 (quoting
Simpson v. State, 769 A.2d 1257, 1267 (R.I. 2001)). In addition, the defendant must establish
that his or her attorney’s actual conflict of interest harmed or impaired the defense, “although
‘prejudice’ need not be demonstrated.” Id. (quoting Simpson, 769 A.2d at 1267).
Here, the hearing justice found that neither Smith nor Verdecchia “struggle[d] to serve
two clients” or “actively represent[ed] conflicting interests.” He noted that “[a]ny prior
representation of Vazquez [sic] had concluded * * * long before [Rivera’s] trial, in excess of a
year.” Furthermore, the hearing justice observed that “Hector Vasquez was never a viable target
to assign guilt in this case as a so-called third-party culprit * * *.” Furthermore, as we conclude
in part IV-B, infra, Smith’s and Verdecchia’s actions had a sound strategic basis. It is significant
that Vasquez, in his statement to the police, indicated that he did not see Rivera shoot Wilson.
This suggests that Vasquez was an ally of Rivera’s rather than a potential source of conflict.
Our precedent requires us to presume that Smith and Verdecchia were capable of
correctly analyzing whether a conflict might result from their representation of both Rivera and
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Vasquez. See Rice, 38 A.3d at 17. Affording the hearing justice’s findings deference, as we
must, we cannot say that he erred in concluding that Rivera had not carried his burden of proof in
this regard.
B
Tactical Decisions
Rivera also contends that his attorneys were ineffective in failing to pursue a motion to
suppress evidence and in failing to mount a third-party perpetrator defense. Both of these
alleged grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel center on tactical decisions made by Smith
and Verdecchia. “[I]t is well established that tactical decisions by trial counsel, even if ill-
advised, do not by themselves constitute ineffective assistance of counsel.” Rice, 38 A.3d at 18(quoting Vorgvongsa v. State, 785 A.2d 542, 549 (R.I. 2001)). “This Court ‘will not
meticulously scrutinize an attorney’s reasoned judgment or strategic maneuver in the context of a
claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.’” Id. at 17 (quoting Brennan v. Vose, 764 A.2d 168,
173 (R.I. 2001)).
Mindful of the deference we must afford to the hearing justice’s findings of historical
fact, we conclude that neither of these tactical decisions made by trial counsel constituted
constitutionally deficient representation. First, concerning the motion to suppress, we discern no
error in the hearing justice’s finding that there was “nothing suggestive” about the photo arrays.
Furthermore, the hearing justice credited the testimony of Smith and Verdecchia, who explained
that they had made a strategic choice to expose irregularities with the photo arrays as they were
presented at trial rather than at a suppression hearing. The hearing justice found that “the first
prong of Strickland clearly [was] not violated, and there [had] been an utter failure to carry the
burden of proof with regard to that claim.” We agree, and therefore hold that Rivera’s attorneys
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did not render ineffective assistance of counsel in choosing not to pursue a motion to suppress
evidence.
Similarly, we must defer to the hearing justice’s findings of historical fact regarding trial
counsels’ decision not to mount a third-party perpetrator defense. In the context of an allegation
of ineffective assistance of counsel, the issue is not whether the trial justice properly admitted or
excluded evidence supporting a third-party perpetrator defense, but whether trial counsel should
have pursued such a defense. 7 Although this Court has previously considered on direct appeal
whether a trial justice properly excluded evidence relating to a third-party perpetrator defense,
we have never before considered on collateral review whether an attorney’s failure to mount a
third-party perpetrator defense deprived a defendant of his or her right to the effective assistance
of counsel. We are guided in our resolution of this issue by Bryant v. Commissioner of
Correction, 964 A.2d 1186 (Conn. 2009). In that case, the Connecticut Supreme Court held that
“[i]t is not ineffective assistance of counsel * * * to decline to pursue a third party culpability
defense when there is insufficient evidence to support that defense.” Id. at 1195. See also
Brown v. State, 32 A.3d 901, 913 n.24 (R.I. 2011) (no claim of ineffective assistance of counsel
could lie where counsel failed to raise a meritless defense).
Here, both attorneys testified—and the hearing justice agreed—that a third-party
perpetrator defense was not supported by either discovery or their own investigation of the case.
The hearing justice found that “[a]t best, all [Smith and Verdecchia] had with respect to Hector
7
As the hearing justice noted, our precedent requires a defendant who wishes to present a
defense that implicates a third party to make a “reasonably specific” offer of proof. State v.
Gomes, 881 A.2d 97, 111 (R.I. 2005). Such an offer of proof must include “evidence of another
person's motive to commit the crime with which a defendant is charged * * * in conjunction with
other evidence tending to show the third person's opportunity to commit the crime and a
proximate connection between that person and the actual commission of the crime.” Id. at 111(quoting State v. Gazerro, 420 A.2d 816, 825 (R.I 1980)).
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Vasquez was his mere presence. * * * [T]hat, of course, was insufficient to mount [a] third-party
culprit defense.” He also found that “Rivera himself * * * never even suggested that Vazquez
[sic] should be blamed for [the murder].” We discern no error with the hearing justice’s findings
on this issue, and therefore hold that Rivera’s attorneys did not render ineffective assistance of
counsel by choosing not to mount a third-party perpetrator defense.
V
Conclusion
For the reasons set forth in this opinion, we affirm the judgment of the Superior Court, to
which we remand the record in this case.
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RHODE ISLAND SUPREME COURT CLERK’S OFFICE
Clerk’s Office Order/Opinion Cover Sheet
TITLE OF CASE: Firlando Rivera v. State of Rhode Island.
CASE NO: No. 2011-322-Appeal.
(PM 04-1056)
COURT: Supreme Court
DATE OPINION FILED: January 14, 2013
JUSTICES: Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and Indeglia JJ.
WRITTEN BY: Associate Justice Gilbert V. Indeglia
SOURCE OF APPEAL: Providence County Superior Court
JUDGE FROM LOWER COURT:
Associate Justice Robert D. Krause
ATTORNEYS ON APPEAL:
For Applicant: Richard K. Corley, Esq.
For State of Rhode Island: Aaron L. Weisman
Department of Attorney General