Schaff v. J. C. Famechon Co. , 42 S. Ct. 189 ( 1922 )

258 U.S. 76 (1922)

SCHAFF, AS RECEIVER OF THE MISSOURI, KANSAS & TEXAS RAILWAY COMPANY,
v.
J.C. FAMECHON COMPANY.

No. 91.

Supreme Court of United States.

Argued January 16, 1922. Decided February 27, 1922. ERROR TO THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA.

Mr. Charles W. Bunn for plaintiff in error.

Mr. Charles Burke Elliott, for defendant in error, submitted.

MR. JUSTICE DAY delivered the opinion of the court.

Plaintiff in error, as receiver of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, brought suit against J.C. Famechon Company, in the Municipal Court of the City of Minneapolis, to recover for charges for rental of refrigerator cars used in shipping potatoes in 1914 and 1915 from various points in Minnesota over connecting lines to points in Oklahoma and Texas. The initial carriers were the Northern Pacific and Great Northern Railways, and the terminal carrier the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, for which plaintiff in error was receiver. The terminal carrier received the potatoes, delivered them at their destinations, and collected from the shipper in excess of the regular line haul rate the sum of five dollars for the use of each refrigerator car in four shipments in 1915. Upon one refrigerator car, shipped in 1914, the excess was not collected. Famechon Company made claim against the railway company for an overcharge of five dollars on each of the four shipments so made in 1915. The railway company refunded twenty dollars to Famechon Company, for which sum the receiver brought suit, claiming the refund was made by mistake and through a misunderstanding of the tariff and schedules; he also brought suit to recover five dollars rental for the refrigerator car shipped in 1914.

Famechon Company, in its answer, put in issue the allegations of the complaint and pleaded a counterclaim for the rental paid on two cars shipped in 1916. In the Municipal Court of Minneapolis defendant in error had judgment for ten dollars with interest and costs, and the receiver for the railway company appealed to the Supreme Court of Minnesota, which affirmed the judgment. 145 Minn. 108. A writ of error was allowed bringing the case to this court.

From the facts found by the Supreme Court of Minnesota, and shown by evidence and stipulation, it appears that the established freight rate on potatoes in carloads from points of origin to points of destination, named in the pleadings, was contained in tariffs known as "Southwestern Lines' Tariffs". These tariffs were subject to the "Southwestern Lines' Classifications, Exceptions and Rules Circulars." Neither such circular nor the Southwestern Lines' Tariffs was on file or published at any of the stations of origin of shipment, but they were on file in certain designated offices of the Northern Pacific and Great Northern Railways in Minneapolis and St. Paul, and at various points in other States. At the time the shipments were made, Western Trunk Line Circular No. 12, specifically referred to in Southwestern Lines' Classifications, Exceptions and Rules, was on file at the points of origin of shipment and destination; and it was the only tariff issued by any of the carriers participating in the transportation of the shipments in question which contained a five-dollar rental provision for refrigerator cars; that circular was printed and filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission, and contained a rule to the effect that, when the shipper ordered a refrigerator or other insulated car to be heated by him or to move without heat, a charge of five dollars per car per trip would be made for use of car which would accrue to the owner thereof.

The Supreme Court of Minnesota recited the provisions of § 6 of the Interstate Commerce Act, 34 Stat. 586, requiring the filing of rates and charges with the Interstate Commerce Commission and the posting thereof at stations, and the rule of the Interstate Commerce Commission, adopted June 2, 1908, requiring the filing of rates and schedules, and held that the additional charges could not be collected under that statute and rule because neither the Southwestern Lines' Tariffs, nor the Southwestern Lines' Classification, Exceptions and Rules circulars making reference to Circular No. 12 were on file at the point of origin of shipment, and that there were no tariffs on file at such points to which shippers could refer to ascertain the rates of transportation.

The case is brought here by writ of error. We are of opinion that we cannot acquire jurisdiction by that method under § 237 of the Judicial Code as amended by the Act of September 6, 1916, c. 448, 39 Stat. 726. Counsel for plaintiff in error contends that a writ of error is the proper method of review because there was drawn in question the validity of an authority exercised under the United States, and that the effect of the State Supreme Court decision was to deny such validity. The argument is that the Interstate Commerce Act confers on carriers the right to receive the revenues defined in the tariffs, and is a command with penalties that carriers collect those revenues, and that, as the decision turns on the issue directly raised, and necessarily involved, whether the tariff was or was not valid, there was drawn in question the validity of an authority exercised under the United States; that the question really decided by the Supreme Court of Minnesota was not the interpretation of the tariff, nor the extent or nature of the rights claimed under it, but the validity of a tariff filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission. But we cannot accept this contention.

We have recently had occasion to consider the meaning of the phrase "validity of an authority" as used in § 237 of the Judicial Code as amended September 6, 1916. Jett Brothers Distilling Co. v. Carrollton, 252 U.S. 1, 6, and cases cited. We held that the validity of an authority was drawn in question when the power to create it is fairly open to denial, and is denied. In that case we cited with approval the same conclusion reached by this court in its opinion rendered by Mr. Chief Justice Fuller in Baltimore & Potomac R.R. Co. v. Hopkins, 130 U.S. 210. We see no occasion to depart from that definition of the phrase.

In the instant case the Supreme Court of Minnesota did not question the federal power to enact the statute as to rates with its requirements concerning the filing and posting thereof, nor the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission to make the rule quoted in its opinion. What the court did was to so interpret the statute and rule as to render essential the filing of the tariffs at stations at the points of origin of shipment. Such interpretation, whether right or wrong, did not involve the validity of an authority exercised under the United States, and the review in this court should have been sought by a petition for writ of certiorari.

The writ of error must be

Dismissed