United States v. Vigil , 19 L. Ed. 954 ( 1870 )

77 U.S. 423 (1870) 10 Wall. 423

UNITED STATES
v.
VIGIL.

Supreme Court of United States.

Messrs. Watts and Ewing, Jr., in support of the motion.

Mr. Akerman, Attorney-General, and Mr. C.H. Hill, Assistant Attorney-General, contra.

Mr. Justice NELSON delivered the opinion of the court.

The action of the court below, granting the application made to it by the new district attorney, and ordering that an entry be made nunc pro tunc of an appeal in the cause, asked for at the January Term, 1867, and that the same be granted, completed the appeal, and we think it was well sustained by the proofs before the court.

The practice relied on for the present motion for dismissal, may be admitted,^[*] but there are exceptions to the rule. The United States v. Gomez^[*] is an instance. There the proceedings on the appeal had been suspended for the purpose of a motion in the court below to set it aside, and the clerk also had refused to return and file the transcript. These facts were regarded as a sufficient excuse for the delay in filing the record in this court at a subsequent term. The United States v. Booth^[†] had already established an exception. That was the case of a writ of error and the clerk had refused to return or file the transcript, which occasioned the delay.

The same principle was adopted in the case of Alviso v. The United States.^[‡] The case had been dismissed at the December Term, 1866, for want of a citation. A motion was made at the succeeding term to reinstate it upon the docket on the production of proof that a citation had been signed by the judge and served on the United States district attorney in due time. Objection was taken that the proof came too late, as, according to the settled practice of the court, the motion to reinstate must be made at the same term at which the motion to dismiss was granted. But it appearing from the proofs that the clerk's office, where the records were kept, had been partially destroyed by fire in July, 1866, which occasioned great confusion and some loss of the papers, the court regarded the facts as affording a sufficient excuse for the delay.

Now in the case before us the fault of the clerk in not entering the prayer for the appeal has mainly occasioned the delay in perfecting it. It is true the vigilance of the United States district attorney might have corrected the error, but unfortunately he labored under the conviction that the appeal had been prayed for, and allowed, at the time the judgment was rendered, and that nothing was left to be done but the return and filing of the transcript by the clerk, and was not undeceived till his attention was called to the case by his successor.

This neglect of duty by the clerk and inattention of the district attorney led to the necessity of a motion to the court to amend the record, so as to make it appear thereon that the proper steps had been taken in due time to secure an appeal on the part of the government. The prayer for an appeal in due time, although not granted then by the court, secures this right, and no delay by the court in its allowance can impair it. The order nunc pro tunc contains the allowance. It is true some considerable delay has taken place in perfecting this appeal, but the court is of opinion that it has been sufficiently accounted for from the facts and circumstances appearing on the face of the record. The government is obliged to trust the conduct of cases, in remote parts of the country, to subordinate agents, and the distance in the present instance is so great from the seat of government that a very considerable lapse of time is required to communicate with the head of the department. In such cases some indulgence must be extended to the officers thus engaged, and this difficulty of communication should be taken into consideration in determining the question of delay in conducting the legal proceedings of the government.

The want of a citation was mentioned on the argument as another ground of dismissal, but the answer is, the appeal was taken in open court at the term in which the judgment was rendered. In such cases no citation is necessary.

MOTION DENIED.

NOTES

[*] Castro v. United States, 3 Wallace, 46; Edmonson v. Bloomshire, 7 Id. 306.

[*] 3 Wallace, 762.

[†] 21 Howard, 512.

[‡] 6 Wallace, 457.