STEFFEN v. COMMISSIONER , 84 T.C.M. 301 ( 2002 )

TERRI L. STEFFEN, Petitioner v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent

STEFFEN v. COMMISSIONER

No. 1296-92

United States Tax Court

T.C. Memo 2002-229; 2002 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 236; 84 T.C.M. (CCH) 301;

September 13, 2002, Filed

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Decision for the government will be entered under Rule 155.

B. Gray Gibbs, n* for petitioner.

Michael A. Pesavento, for respondent.

Ruwe, Robert P.

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RUWE

MEMORANDUM FINDINGS OF FACT AND OPINION

RUWE, Judge: Respondent determined additions to petitioner's ^{Additons to TaxSec. 6653(a)(1)(A)Sec. 6653(a)(1)(B)$ 100,23350% of the interestdue on $ 2,004,465}

After concessions, *237 additions to tax for negligence pursuant to section 6653(a)(1)(A)(B) for the taxable year 1986.

On September 11, 1998, respondent moved, pursuant to Rule 91(f), to compel petitioner to enter into a proposed stipulation of facts. We ordered petitioner to show cause why the matters covered by respondent's motion should not be deemed admitted for purposes of this case. Petitioner failed to respond to the order to show cause. We, therefore, granted respondent's motion and deemed the matters contained in the proposed stipulation to be facts for purposes of this case. Rule 91(f).

FINDINGS OF FACT

Petitioner resided in Tampa, Florida, at the time she filed her petition. Petitioner and Paul A. Bilzerian (Mr. Bilzerian) were married in 1978 and remained married at the time of trial.

Petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian both graduated from Stanford University. After graduating from Stanford, Mr. Bilzerian attended Harvard University and graduated in 1977 with a master's degree in business administration. After graduating from Harvard, Mr. Bilzerian worked in the real estate business. In 1982, Mr. Bilzerian began trading securities. Before 1987, Mr. Bilzerian either explored the possibility of taking over control, or attempted to take over control, of several publicly traded companies, including Hammermill Paper Co. (Hammermill), Armco, Cluett Peabody, H. H. Robertson, and Syntex Corp.

In 1986, Mr. Bilzerian and Earl and Billy Mack (the Macks) formed a partnership, Bilzerian & Mack Associates (Bilzerian & Mack), for the purpose of launching a takeover of Hammermill. Mr. Bilzerian was a general partner of Bilzerian & Mack, and he signed the partnership return for 1986 on March 23, 1987. Mack Asset Co. and Bilzerian Investors, two partnerships, were reported on Bilzerian & Mack's 1986 Form 1065, U.S. Partnership Return of Income, as other general partners. Mr. Bilzerian was involved in Bilzerian Investors and another partnership named Bilzerian Ventures. Although Hammermill was eventually acquired by International Paper Co. in August of 1986, Mr. Bilzerian realized substantial gains in 1986 through Bilzerian & Mack, Bilzerian Investors, and Bilzerian Ventures from the purchase and sale of Hammermill stock.

During 1986, Mr. Bilzerian also maintained interests in South Bay Fashion Center and South Bay Fashion One, two partnerships, and various other entities.

For the taxable year 1986, Mr. Bilzerian was involved in the preparation of Federal income tax returns for some of the entities in which he was involved. Additionally, a former accountant from Price Waterhouse worked full time in Mr. Bilzerian's office handling some of the returns. Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co., C.P.A.s (Peat Marwick), prepared partnership tax returns for Bilzerian & Mack, Bilzerian Investors, and Bilzerian Ventures. Another accountant and a tax attorney were involved in preparing tax returns for other entities in which Mr. Bilzerian was involved.

While Peat Marwick was not engaged by petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian to prepare or do any work on their 1986 individual income tax return, Peat Marwick did prepare a schedule, entitled "Paul Bilzerian's 1986 Tax Estimate". This schedule was prepared for the purpose of helping petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian make an estimated tax payment for 1986. The schedule reported the following gains from Mr. Bilzerian's stock dealings in Hammermill:

Item	Amount
Bilzerian & Mack	$ 1,840,003
Bilzerian Investors	10,216,579
Bilzerian Ventures	3,107
Personal Gain	4,170,093
Total	16,229,782

On June 15, 1987, petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian signed and filed a Form 4868, Application for Automatic Extension of Time to File U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, for the taxable year 1986, along with a payment of $ 5 million. Petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian were in possession of the schedule prepared by Peat Marwick at that time, and Mr. Bilzerian discussed their estimated tax liability payment with petitioner. On August 12, 1987, petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian filed a Form 2688, Application for Additional Extension of Time To File U.S. Individual Income Tax Return.

On October 15, 1987, petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian filed their 1986 Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return. On Schedule E, Supplemental Income and Loss, they reported the following net income from Mr. Bilzerian's stock dealings in Hammermill:

Item	Amount
Bilzerian & mack	$ 1,840,003
Bilzerian Investors	10,216,579
Bilzerian Ventures	3,107
Total	12,059,689

On their Schedule C, Profit or Loss From Business, petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian reported gross income of $ 8,063,277 from the sale of securities. *242 also prepared partnership tax returns for 1986 for South Bay Fashion Center and South Bay Fashion One. *243 In the fall of 1988, Mr. Norris was contacted by Mike Shaw (Mr. Shaw), an attorney representing Mr. Norris at the time, concerning an omission of income on petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian's 1986 return. As a result, Mr. Norris learned that petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian had failed to include $ 4,170,185 *244 respectively. The increase to income was described on the amended return as follows:

NET CHANGE TO INCOME	Federal
ADJUSTMENTS TO SCHEDULE C
INCOME FROM SALES	4170185
INTEREST EXPENSE	-161257
ADJUSTMENTS TO SCHEDULE B
INTEREST INCOME
ADD JEFFRIES & CO	91
LESS ON SCHEDULE C	-91
	4008928

On December 21, 1988, Mr. Bilzerian was indicted by a Federal grand jury on charges that he conspired to defraud the Internal Revenue Service and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with respect to several of his attempted corporate acquisitions which he engaged in during the 1980s. The charges related to transactions Mr. Bilzerian carried out between April 1985 and November 1986. The nine-count indictment charged Mr. Bilzerian with misrepresenting the source of funds used to purchase stock on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC (funds were not personal), accumulating stock in the name of nominees (parking securities), making numerous false statements, and creating false invoices to substantiate false deductions on his 1985 Federal income tax return. On September 27, 1989, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York entered a judgment of conviction on all the counts contained in the indictment, and the judgment was affirmed by the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. United States v. Bilzerian, 926 F.2d 1285">926 F.2d 1285 (2d Cir. 1991).

On October 21, 1991, respondent issued separate notices of deficiency to petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian for the taxable year 1986. In the notices of deficiency, respondent determined that petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian were liable for additions to tax for negligence due to the omission from their originally filed 1986 return of the approximately $ 4 million of taxable income from gains related to the purchase and sale of Hammermill stock. Petitioner filed a petition to this Court seeking a redetermination.

In 1992, Mr. Bilzerian sued Mr. Norris for malpractice for the omission of the $ 4 million of taxable income from the Bilzerians' originally filed 1986 return. In connection with the malpractice lawsuit, Mr. Norris denied any liability with respect to the preparation of petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian's 1986 tax return.

OPINION

In Bilzerian v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2001-187">T.C. Memo 2001-187, we sustained respondent's determination that Mr. Bilzerian was liable for the additions to tax for negligence under section 6653(a)(1)(A) and (B) for 1986. We found that Mr. Bilzerian failed to establish that he reasonably relied on his return preparer. Additionally, we found that Mr. Bilzerian failed to review the return adequately prior to signing and filing it.

Petitioner contends that the additions to tax for negligence for 1986 should be determined separately. Petitioner cites Reser v. Commissioner, 112 F.3d 1258">112 F.3d 1258 (5th Cir. 1997), affg. in part and revg. in part T.C. Memo 1995-572">T.C. Memo 1995-572, to support her contention. In that case, the Tax Court originally held that jointly filing taxpayers had not reasonably relied on their tax return preparers; thus, they were liable for the additions to tax for negligence. Reser v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1995-572">T.C. Memo 1995-572. The wife appealed; however, the husband did not. The Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit concluded that the wife had acted reasonably in relying on the return preparers and that she was not liable for the additions to tax for negligence. Reser v. Commissioner, 112 F.3d at 1271.

We find Reser v. Commissioner, supra, distinguishable because the husband in that case was not a party on appeal, and the Court of Appeals did not analyze whether the additions to tax for negligence should be determined separately in the case of spouses who file joint returns.

If a joint return is filed, the liability with respect to the tax is normally joint and several. Sec. 6013(d)(3); Gordon v. United States, 757 F.2d 1157">757 F.2d 1157, 1160 (11th Cir. 1985); Hedrick v. Commissioner, 63 T.C. 395">63 T.C. 395, 403-404 (1974). For 1986, the reference to "tax" included additions to tax, additional amounts, and penalties. Sec. 6662(a)(2). Thus, the additions to tax for negligence in this case apply jointly and severally because a joint return was filed. ^{Pesch v. Commissioner, 78 T.C. 100">78 T.C. 100, 128-129 (1982); Davenport v. Commissioner, 48 T.C. 921">48 T.C. 921, 926 (1967); Fleming v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1989-10">T.C. Memo 1989-10.}

Petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian filed a joint return for the taxable year 1986. Under these circumstances, a determination that one spouse is liable for additions to tax results in the other spouse's also being liable therefor. Estate of Sperling v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1963-260">T.C. Memo 1963-260, affd. 341 F.2d 201">341 F.2d 201 (2d Cir. 1965); see also Dillin v. Commissioner, 56 T.C. 228">56 T.C. 228, 248 (1971). Accordingly, we hold that petitioner is liable for the additions to tax for negligence for 1986.

Decision will be entered under Rule 155.

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Footnotes

• 1. Petitioner and her husband, Paul A. Bilzerian, filed a joint return for 1986. Separate notices of deficiency were sent to petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian, and separate petitions were filed. We addressed the liability of Mr. Bilzerian in a prior opinion. See Bilzerian v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2001-187">T.C. Memo 2001-187↩. This Memorandum Opinion addresses the liability of petitioner.

• 2. Petitioner concedes that she is not entitled to carry back a worthless stock loss of $ 23,366,705 from 1989 to 1986.↩

• 3. Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code in effect for the year in issue, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.↩

• 4. Petitioner and Mr. Bilzerian reported deductions of $ 14,101,394, resulting in a net loss of $ 6,038,117.↩

• 5. In 1982, Mr. Norris was a business partner with Mr. Bilzerian in South Bay Fashion One.↩

• 6. At the time of trial, Mr. Norris resided in California.↩

• 7. A Schedule K-1 is a schedule attached to a Form 1120S, U.S. Income Tax Return for an S Corporation, or a Form 1065, U.S. Partnership Return of Income, to report a shareholder's or a partner's share of income, credits, deductions, etc., from the S corporation or the partnership.↩

• 8. The total omission from income was reduced to $ 4,008,928, due to miscellaneous adjustments.↩

• 9. Petitioner has not raised entitlement to relief from joint liability under either sec. 6013 or sec. 6015, which replaced sec. 6013↩.