Hempel v. Commissioner , 11 T.C.M. 1070 ( 1952 )

Frieda Hempel v. Commissioner.

Hempel v. Commissioner

Docket No. 30724.

United States Tax Court

1952 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 48; 11 T.C.M. (CCH) 1070; T.C.M. (RIA) 52315;

October 30, 1952

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John R. Olsen, Esq., for the petitioner. Francis J. Butler, Esq., for the respondent.

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OPPER

Memorandum Findings of Fact and Opinion

OPPER, Judge: Respondent determined deficiencies in income tax against petitioner as follows:

Year	Deficiency
1939	$ 171.90
1940	643.70
1941	751.21
1943	2,900.51
1944	1,397.32
1945	1,665.51

At the hearing petitioner conceded the correctness of respondent's determination of deficiencies for the years 1939, 1940, 1941, and for 1943 in so far as it affects 1942, *49 1937 and 1938 was determined in a prior Memorandum Opinion, Docket No. 7993, entered June 23, 1947.

Petitioner was for many years a leading coloratura singer in Germany and at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. During the years in question, she was engaged in the business of a concert singer and singing teacher. She took the latter up some time after becoming a concert singer.

The following schedule shows the amount of petitioner's professional income, business expenses claimed and net loss claimed for the years in question.

	Professional	Business
Year	Income	Expenses	Net Loss
1943	$3,995.75	$16,862.57	$12,866.82
1944	3,890.57	18,123.43	14,232.86
1945	4,146.86	15,676.33	11,529.47

In each of the above years petitioner used the amount of net business loss as an offset against her other income which included $15,000 annually received in each of the years in question from the August Heckscher Trust.

During the years in question, petitioner had the following items of professional income:

1943
Fees for teaching and coaching	$2,200.00
Fred F. Finklehoffe and Paul Small
Big Time Co. for services as vocalist
in "Big Time"	1,500.00
Receipts from Town Hall concert	245.75
Blue Network, Inc.	50.00
Total	$3,995.75
1944
Vocal lessons	$2,010.00
Town Hall recital	630.57
Peekskill concert	250.00
Chautauqua concert	500.00
New Orleans & Baton Rouge concerts	500.00
Total	$3,890.57
1945
Vocal lessons	$3,000.00
Royalties from records	312.19
Town Hall concert	798.67
OWI	36.00
Total	$4,146.86

The following schedule shows the amount of business expenses claimed, the amount allowed and the amount disallowed:

	Business
	Expenses	Amount	Amount
Year	Claimed	Allowed	Disallowed
1943	$16,862.57	$10,712.67	$6,149.90
1944	18,123.43	13,093.81	5,029.62
1945	15,676.33	10,498.13	5,178.20

Petitioner spent the following amounts on clothes and personal appearance:

1943
Make-up and hair dresser	$ 273.19
Shoes, gloves, accessories	339.90
Costumes, headpieces, shoes, etc.	1,198.38
Total	$1,811.47
1944
Afternoon and evening dresses	$ 550.00
Sportswear	35.25
Pink crepe coat	56.06
Shoes, jewelry, etc.	142.21
Accessories	502.43
Gold coat and scarf	161.60
Hat and headpieces	273.53
Gown	289.81
Hats and accessories	136.96
Gowns	446.56
Accessories	137.42
Hat	34.59
Storage of coat	25.00
Total	$2,791.42
1945
Gowns, shoes, gloves, underwear, bras-
sieres, headdresses, stockings, jew-
elry, accessories and alterations	$1,383.56
Cleaning wearing apparel	128.90
Black wool coat	388.85
Afternoon dresses	249.62
Alteration of gowns	72.52
Bags, gloves	122.75
Gloves, headpieces, make-up	74.25
Storing and relining mink coat	75.00
Hats	173.22
Dresses, headdresses, jewelry, shoes
and accessories	324.45
Shoes, stockings, scarf, etc.	211.49
Total	$3,204.61

Petitioner also spent the following amounts in 1944 and 1945:

1944
Food	$ 694.13
Food	827.65
Restaurants	71.76
Caterer	286.86
Liquor	271.50
Cash for maid	162.29
Butlers	26.00
Flowers	83.57
Total	$2,423.76
1945
Cash for maid	271.92
Gratuities	16.67
Food	832.93
Food	713.66
Flowers	120.18
Candy, nuts, butlers	175.80
Hotels & restaurants	498.84
Total	$2,630.00

In 1943 and 1944, opera tickets were purchased for use by petitioner's students.

A maid was employed in 1943 and 1944 to whom payments of wages were made in cash in accordance with the maid's insistence and as required by the New York State Labor Law. The maid cleaned the studio in which petitioner transacted some of her business.

In 1943, petitioner employed J. Flanagan, Clara Wachter, L. Lilly, and Sherman & Amsden in secretarial work and paid them $580.13.

When petitioner gave concerts during the years in question, she paid all the expenses, including the salary of a manager. It is sometimes possible to arrange a concert where someone else guarantees the expenses but petitioner did not do that. The only person who stood to lose anything if the concerts were unsuccessful was petitioner.

The vocal lessons were given at 271 Central Park West which is the apartment petitioner lives in. The apartment has about six rooms with three bathrooms. Petitioner often gave lessons for nothing to pupils who were talented but poor. Those who could afford to pay were charged $10 and $15 a lesson. Any poor girl who had talent could get free lessons and music from petitioner. Petitioner looked upon her work of helping poor girls sing as charity.

Petitioner entertained managers and other people with professional contracts at her studio apartment. She paid for the catering, food, drinks and flowers and sometimes she invited as many as 75 people to her apartment. In 1944 and 1945, petitioner had total meat bills of $827.65 and $832.93, respectively, and total grocery bills of $694.13 and $713.66, respectively. Where it would be cheaper or more convenient, she sometimes entertained people at hotels and restaurants. Petitioner also gave gratuities to colleagues who had done favors for her.

For use on the stage, petitioner bought gowns, shoes, gloves, hats, headpieces, jewelry and other accessories. Such things often required cleaning. At least some of the clothes and accessories the cost of which petitioner deducted were adaptable for general usage.

Some of the expenses incurred by petitioner were personal expenses.

Some of the furniture which petitioner has in the apartment in which she gave singing instruction was acquired seven to ten years previously. Some of the other furniture dates back to 1916, 1917 and 1918. The piano she uses was acquired in 1912 or 1913. The total cost figure used by petitioner in claiming depreciation in the amount of $1,250 included the cost of alterations made in the dining room set seven or eight years previously, the cost of transporting to the United States her piano which she bought in Europe, the cost of studio drapes and the cost of a record cabinet.

In her 1943 and 1945 returns, petitioner claimed deductions of $275 and $334, respectively, as charitable contributions. These figures were reduced by respondent by $100 and $150, respectively.

In 1945, petitioner gave five to ten dollars to each of the following: the Red Cross, the Saint Paul's Protestant Church, the Lutheran Church, and the A.S.P.C.A. She also gave $15 to a Mrs. Closs for an organization, the name of which she did not recall, and unspecified amounts to the poor box in Saint Patrick's Church, the Brooklyn Lutheran Church, the Sisters, and a hospital.

Petitioner contributed $175 and $184 during the years 1943 and 1945, respectively, for charitable purposes.

Petitioner's medical expense deductions in her 1943 and 1944 returns were disallowed as not substantiated in excess of five per cent of the net income or adjusted gross income, respectively, as corrected by respondent. The deduction in petitioner's 1945 return was reduced solely to reflect respondent's correction of adjusted gross income.

Opinion

Although this proceeding deals almost entirely with deductions of amounts claimed to have been expended for business purposes, it varies fundamentally from . There respondent allowed nothing for claimed business expenses on the sole ground that the precise amount had not been adequately proved. Here, as our findings show, respondent allowed some 67 per cent of the total deductions. See , appeal dismissed, (C.A. 9) .

The present difficulty is of a quite different character. Except for such items as secretarial salaries, *56 Again, while we have no doubt that some part of the expenditures had a business purpose, it strains the credulity to assume that for the seven years presently involved petitioner would year after year spend more than the amount of her professional income for business purposes, sometimes over four times as much. In fact, for each of the years in dispute, respondent allowed an amount of business expenses over three times the income produced by the same expenditures. There is nothing in this record to convince us that any larger amounts than those already allowed by respondent were in fact expended for business purposes by petitioner.

Nor are we satisfied that the expenditure for "opera tickets" was a business expense. There is no showing that the tickets were not purchased for those of petitioner's pupils who could not afford to pay for lessons. If so, worthy as the object may have been, donating the opera tickets like the lessons themselves was a charitable act on petitioner's part of a personal and not a business nature.

Petitioner also claimed depreciation on her furniture which, according to her contention, was used for business purposes. Omitting the necessity of allocating such a deduction between business and personal use since petitioner's apartment was also her personal residence, there has been a complete failure to establish the proper basis for the property. If, on the one hand, it was used for business purposes from its original acquisition dating as far back as 1912 and 1916 to 1918, the amount allowed, or at least allowable, for depreciation in prior years may well have exhausted any basis that the property originally had. . If, on the other hand, its use for business purposes was more recent, then the basis is not its original cost, which is all that appears from petitioner's testimony, but its value at the time it was converted from personal to business use, a figure as to which the record is entirely silent. .

We accordingly conclude that petitioner has not sustained her burden of proving that the total amount allowed as business expense by respondent does not adequately cover petitioner's expenditures for business purposes as distinguished from those for her personal use.

The deduction for charity is a pure question of fact which has been disposed of in our findings. Giving full effect to petitioner's testimony, no more need have been expended in 1945 for allowable charitable purposes than the amount permitted as a deduction by respondent and there is no evidence whatever as to 1943.

No effort was made to introduce evidence on the medical deductions for 1943 and 1944. For 1945, it follows automatically from the properly determined adjusted gross income. The deficiency must likewise be sustained in these respects.

Decision will be entered for the respondent.

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Footnotes

• 1. No deficiency was determined for 1942 due to the forgiveness feature of the Tax Payment Act of 1943.↩

• 2. The disallowance was set up as to specific items but on the whole amount claimed. ↩

• 3. According to statements of petitioner's counsel, disputed items are:

  ↩

  	Amounts	Claimed in	Returns
  	1943	1944	1945
  Opera tickets	$ 127.90	$ 216.70
  Studio cleaning (maid)	572.00	476.00
  Secretaries	2,100.00
  House entertainment	2,054.55	1,245.92	$ 1,928.20
  Wardrobe & wardrobe maintenance	2,085.14	2,957.82	2,964.64
  Depreciation	1,250.00	1,250.00	1,250.00
  	$ 8,189.59	$ 6,146.44	$ 6,142.84
  Total amount of business expenses allowed by
  respondent	$10,712.67	$13,093.81	$10,498.13