State v. Shane Pillow ( 2010 )


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  •            IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
    AT JACKSON
    FEBRUARY 1998 SESSION
    STATE OF TENNESSEE,        )
    )      NO. 02C01-9707-CC-00243
    Appellee,       )
    )      GIBSON COUNTY
    VS.                        )
    )      HON. DICK JERMAN, JR.,
    SHANE PILLOW,              )      JUDGE
    )
    Appellant.      )      (Second-Degree Murder and
    )       Aggravated Assault)
    FOR THE APPELLANT:                FOR THE APPELLEE:
    JERALD M. CAMPBELL, JR.           JOHN KNOX WALKUP
    -and-                      Attorney General & Reporter
    L. L. HARRELL, JR.                425 Fifth Ave., North
    N.W. Court Sq.                    Nashville, TN 37243-0497
    Trenton, TN 38382
    ELIZABETH T. RYAN
    Asst. Attorney General
    425 Fifth Ave., North
    Nashville, TN 37243-0493
    CLAYBURN L. PEEPLES
    District Attorney General
    110 College St., Suite 200
    Trenton, TN 38382-1841
    GARRY G. BROWN
    Asst. District Attorney General
    110 College St., Suite 200
    Trenton, TN 38382-1841
    OPINION FILED: ______________________________
    AFFIRMED
    JOHN H. PEAY,
    Judge
    OPINION
    The defendant was convicted of second-degree murder and aggravated
    assault. The trial court sentenced him to twenty-three years confinement for second-
    degree murder and five years confinement for aggravated assault, to run concurrently.
    In this appeal as of right, the defendant presents the following issues for review:
    I. whether the evidence contained in the record is insufficient, as a matter
    of law, to support his convictions;
    II. whether the trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress
    statements made to law enforcement officers;
    III. whether the trial court abused its discretion by permitting the State to
    reopen its case-in-chief to identify the victim’s body;
    IV. whether the sentence imposed by the trial court is excessive; and
    V. “whether any other reversible error was committed by the trial court.”
    Finding no merit in the defendant’s contentions, we affirm.
    According to the record, the defendant, Brian Dunn (co-defendant), and the
    two victims, Robert Reynolds and Donnie Box, had attended school together. The
    defendant described Dunn, Reynolds, and Box as his closest friends. According to the
    defendant, he had frequently smoked marijuana and “huffed paint”1 with them.
    On March 21, 1996, the defendant, Dunn, Reynolds, and Box had contact
    with each other several times during the day. Around 9 a.m., the defendant went to
    Reynolds’ home and tried to get him to go somewhere with him, but Reynolds declined.
    Later that day, the defendant tried to track down Reynolds at a friend’s house. When
    Reynolds returned the defendant’s call, they discussed a set of drums they jointly owned.
    Although the drums were at the defendant’s house, the defendant told Reynolds he had
    sold them and had Reynolds’ share of the profit. Reynolds told the defendant he and Box
    1
    “Huffing paint” was described as spraying gold spray paint into a bag and inhaling the vapors in order
    to “get high .”
    2
    would be at the defendant’s house in a few minutes to pick up the money. The defendant
    told Reynolds he might not be home when Reynolds and Box arrived, but Reynolds
    replied he was coming to his house anyway. When Reynolds and Box arrived, the
    defendant would not answer the door. Reynolds and Box drove down the road, only to
    return a few minutes later to find the defendant driving out of his driveway. The
    defendant promised Reynolds that if he followed him, he would give him his share of the
    profit. Reynolds followed him to Dunn’s house, but when he demanded his money, the
    defendant refused. Reynolds then left.
    When Reynolds later learned the defendant had not sold the drums, he and
    Box began searching for him.      When they found him and Dunn, Reynolds again
    demanded his money. The defendant told Reynolds and Box to follow him to his house.
    On the way there, the defendant pulled to the side of the road and tried to get Reynolds
    to get in his car. Reynolds would not and instead continued to drive with Box towards the
    defendant’s house. When the defendant flashed his lights, Reynolds and Box pulled to
    the side of the road. Telling Reynolds he had some money with him, the defendant
    enticed Reynolds to get in his car. Meanwhile, Dunn exited the defendant’s car and
    began talking with Box. After Reynolds entered the defendant’s car, the defendant
    stabbed him in the abdomen, penetrating his liver and bile duct. Reynolds then pinned
    the defendant behind the steering wheel, used his elbow to blow the car horn, escaped
    from the defendant’s car, and ran to Box’s car. The car horn had alerted Box, who began
    walking towards the defendant’s car, even though Reynolds warned against it. The
    defendant exited his vehicle and stabbed Box in the middle of his chest. Box turned and
    ran away. When Box failed to return, Reynolds drove to a relative’s home where he could
    get help.
    Meanwhile, the defendant and Dunn had found Box, who was still breathing.
    They placed Box in the trunk of the defendant’s car, took him to a bridge spanning the
    3
    Rutherford Fork of the Obion River, and pushed him into the river. The defendant and
    Dunn then fled the state of Tennessee. The next day, they surrendered themselves to
    law enforcement officers in Indianola, Mississippi, who contacted the Gibson County
    Sheriff’s Department in Tennessee.         Deputies from the Gibson County Sheriff’s
    Department traveled to Indianola with the defendant’s and Dunn’s fathers.
    When the Gibson County deputies arrived in Indianola, they examined the
    defendant’s car. They found the murder weapon and a larger knife on the front seat of
    the car. Blood was found on the back bumper and on a plastic tarpaulin in the trunk. The
    defendant gave several statements to Lt. Jimmy Hand of the Gibson County Sheriff’s
    Department. He told him that he had stabbed Reynolds. He also admitted stabbing Box,
    even though Box did nothing to threaten him. He said that he and Dunn chased Box after
    he ran away, and when they found him, he was still breathing. He then identified the
    bridge where they pushed Box into the river. Box’s body was later found in the Obion
    River near the bridge the defendant identified. The autopsy of Box’s body revealed he
    was alive when he was pushed into the river, even though the stab wound penetrated his
    heart. The cause of death, however, was attributed to the stab wound, not to drowning.
    I.
    The defendant first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence with regards
    to his conviction for second-degree murder. When an accused challenges the sufficiency
    of the convicting evidence, this Court must review the record to determine if the evidence
    adduced at trial is sufficient "to support the finding by the trier of fact of guilt beyond a
    reasonable doubt." T.R.A.P. 13(e). This Court may not reweigh or reevaluate the
    evidence or substitute its inferences for those drawn from circumstantial evidence by the
    trier of fact. State v. Matthews, 
    805 S.W.2d 776
    , 779 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990). To the
    contrary, this Court is required to afford the State the strongest legitimate view of the
    evidence contained in the record as well as all reasonable and legitimate inferences
    4
    which may be drawn from the evidence. State v. Cabbage, 
    571 S.W.2d 832
    , 835 (Tenn.
    1978).
    Questions concerning the credibility of the witnesses, the weight and value
    to be given the evidence, and the factual issues raised by the evidence are resolved by
    the trier of fact, not this Court. 
    Id.
     "A guilty verdict by the jury, approved by the trial
    judge, accredits the testimony of the witnesses for the State and resolves all conflicts in
    favor of the theory of the State." State v. Grace, 
    493 S.W.2d 474
    , 476 (Tenn. 1973).
    Since a verdict of guilt removes the presumption of innocence and replaces it with a
    presumption of guilt, the accused, as the appellant, has the burden of illustrating to this
    Court why the evidence is insufficient to support the verdict. State v. Tuggle, 
    639 S.W.2d 913
    , 914 (Tenn. 1982). This Court will not disturb a verdict of guilt on a sufficiency
    challenge unless the facts in the record are insufficient, as a matter of law, for a rational
    trier of fact to find the accused guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. 
    Id.
    Under the facts of the instant case, the State had to prove beyond a
    reasonable doubt that the defendant knowingly killed Box. T.C.A. § 39-13-210. Reynolds
    testified that Box and the defendant had met between the two cars. He did not see the
    defendant stab Box, but he heard Box exclaim, “Oh, s---, Shane,” and he saw Box run
    from the defendant. The defendant admitted in his confession that he had stabbed Box,
    even though Box had not threatened or attempted to harm him. The autopsy revealed
    the stab wound was in the middle of Box’s chest and the knife penetrated his heart.
    Although Box was thrown into the river while he was still alive, the cause of death was the
    stab wound.
    To contrast, the defendant testified during the trial his confessions were
    false and that he and Dunn had agreed to tell three different stories. He also testified
    Dunn killed Box. The jury obviously rejected this testimony, which was their prerogative
    5
    in evaluating each witness’s credibility. See Cabbage, 
    571 S.W.2d at 835
    . The evidence
    was sufficient beyond a reasonable doubt to support the jury’s verdict that the defendant
    knowingly killed Box.      T.R.A.P. 13(e); Jackson v. Virginia, 
    443 U.S. 307
     (1979).
    Therefore, the defendant’s argument is without merit.
    II.
    Next, the defendant contends the trial court reversibly erred by denying his
    motion to suppress three statements made to Gibson County deputy sheriffs. He
    predicates his argument upon Tennessee Rules of Juvenile Procedure 7 and 30. He also
    argues he did not knowingly and voluntarily waive the rights afforded by Miranda v.
    Arizona, 
    384 U.S. 436
     (1966). The State counters that the Tennessee Rules of Juvenile
    Procedure are inapplicable here because the defendant was tried as an adult. The State
    also contends the defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived his Miranda rights.
    The defendant’s reliance upon the Rules of Juvenile Procedure is
    misplaced. The Rules of Juvenile Procedure apply to judicial proceedings in a juvenile
    court and have no applicability where, as here, the juvenile is transferred to a court of
    original jurisdiction with criminal jurisdiction for trial as an adult. See State v. Lundy, 
    808 S.W.2d 444
    , 446 (Tenn. 1991); Colyer v. State, 
    577 S.W.2d 460
    , 462 (Tenn. 1979); State
    v. Turnmire, 
    762 S.W.2d 893
    , 896 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1988). Thus, the defendant’s
    reliance on the Rules of Juvenile Procedure will not afford him relief on appeal.
    Moreover, the record is clear that the defendant knowingly and voluntarily
    waived his Miranda rights prior to giving his statements to the police. When determining
    whether an accused has voluntarily and knowingly waived the Miranda rights, this Court
    must consider the totality of the circumstances existing when the accused waived these
    rights. State v. Middlebrooks, 
    840 S.W.2d 317
    , 326 (Tenn. 1992); Lundy, 
    808 S.W.2d at 446
    . This includes the defendant’s age, education, mental competence and ability,
    6
    and the facts surrounding the waiver of these rights. Benton, 
    759 S.W.2d 427
    , 431-32
    (Tenn. Crim. App. 1988). No single factor is conclusive; rather, it is the cumulative effect
    of these factors that is significant in determining whether the accused voluntarily waived
    his rights. 
    Id. at 431
    .
    Here, the day after the incident, Lt. Hand interviewed the defendant in the
    sheriff’s department in Indianola. The interview lasted just over two hours, beginning at
    9:30 p.m. and ending at 11:35 p.m. Deputy Norvell and the defendant’s father were
    present during every interview with the defendant. Lt. Hand advised the defendant of his
    Miranda rights. The defendant told Lt. Hand he understood these rights and was willing
    to waive them. The defendant and his father signed a waiver of rights form. On several
    occasions, Lt. Hand told the defendant he was entitled to a lawyer and that he could stop
    answering questions at any time, but the defendant repeatedly stated he did not want to
    confer with a lawyer or have a lawyer present. Lt. Hand took a recorded statement from
    the defendant and then told the defendant to give a written statement of what occurred.
    The defendant complied. Not believing the defendant’s statement, Lt. Hand asked the
    defendant if he would give him a third statement. Again, the defendant complied, stating
    he would give a truthful statement.
    Prior to trial, the defendant moved to suppress these statements. In
    denying the defendant’s motion, the trial court noted that the totality of the circumstances
    indicated the defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived his constitutional rights and
    freely and voluntarily gave these three statements to the police. During trial, the State
    introduced these three statements into evidence.
    Based on the totality of these circumstances, we agree with the trial court
    that the defendant was fully advised of his Miranda rights before he knowingly and
    voluntarily chose to waive those rights. See State v. Van Tran, 
    864 S.W.2d 465
    , 472
    7
    (Tenn. 1993); Middlebrooks, 
    840 S.W.2d at 326
    ; State v. Gordon, 
    642 S.W.2d 742
    , 745
    (Tenn. Crim. App. 1982). Accordingly, the defendant’s argument that the trial court
    should have granted his motion to suppress must fail.
    The defendant also argues that the trial court erred in allowing a fourth
    statement given to Deputy Currie to be used to impeach his trial testimony. We treat this
    argument as waived, however, by the defendant’s failure to cite any supporting authority.
    T.R.A.P. 27(a)(7); Rules of the Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee 10(b); State v.
    Killebrew, 
    760 S.W.2d 228
    , 231 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1988).
    III.
    Next, the defendant contends the trial court committed reversible error by
    permitting the State to reopen its case-in-chief to identify the body recovered from the
    river as Donnie Box’s body. When the State rested its case-in-chief, the defendant
    moved for judgment of acquittal on the ground the State failed to prove Box was in fact
    dead. The defendant argued a body was found in the Rutherford Fork of the Obion River,
    but it was never identified as Box’s body. The district attorney general stated he had an
    agreement with defense counsel that the identity of the body was not required and that
    the entire evidence of the chain of custody of the body, including identification of the body
    by Box’s father, would be stipulated. On the other hand, defense counsel stated he
    believed it was only the testimony of the ambulance personnel who took Box’s body to
    the coroner in Memphis that would be stipulated. The trial court found there was an
    agreement, but that counsel misunderstood the scope of the argument. The court
    granted the district attorney general’s motion to reopen the State’s case-in-chief in order
    to establish the body recovered from the river was that of Box. The State did so.
    While “[t]here must be an end of the calling of witnesses at some time,”
    Hughes v. State, 
    126 Tenn. 40
    , 78, 
    148 S.W. 543
    , 552 (1912), the State may be granted
    8
    permission to reopen its case immediately after it has rested, State v. Harrington, 
    627 S.W.2d 345
    , 348 (Tenn. 1981); White v. State, 
    497 S.W.2d 751
    , 754 (Tenn. Crim. App.
    1973). For instance, on occasion, the State may need to reopen its case-in-chief
    because the district attorney general failed to prove an essential element or introduce
    relevant evidence due to an oversight. See, e.g., Harrington, 
    627 S.W.2d at 348
    ; White,
    
    497 S.W.2d at 754
    . The State’s motion to reopen its case-in-chief for the purpose of
    introducing additional evidence addresses itself to the sound discretion of the trial court.
    Harrington, 
    627 S.W.2d at 348
    ; Hughes, 126 Tenn. at 74-75, 148 S.W. at 552; State v.
    Tuttle, 
    914 S.W.2d 926
    , 931 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995); White, 
    497 S.W.2d at 754
    . An
    appellate court will not interfere with the exercise of this discretion unless clear abuse
    appears on the face of the record. Tuttle, 
    914 S.W.2d at 931
    ; State v. Bell, 
    690 S.W.2d 879
    , 882 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1985); White, 
    497 S.W.2d at 754
    .
    Here, the record clearly reflects the district attorney general and defense
    counsel entered into an agreement, but that there was an honest disagreement regarding
    the scope of the agreement. A miscarriage of justice would have resulted if the State’s
    motion to reopen its case-in-chief had been denied. For these reasons, the trial court did
    not abuse its discretion by permitting the State to reopen its case-in-chief in order to
    prove the victim’s identity.
    IV.
    The defendant contends the sentences imposed by the trial court are
    excessive. He argues the trial court erred by using certain enhancement factors and
    refusing to apply certain mitigating factors.
    The trial court applied six enhancement factors in determining the length
    of the defendant’s sentences: (a) the offense involved more than one victim, T.C.A.
    § 40-35-114(3); (b) the defendant treated or allowed the victim to be treated with extreme
    9
    cruelty, T.C.A. § 40-35-114(5); (c) the defendant has a previous history of an
    unwillingness to comply with the conditions of a sentence involving release into the
    community, T.C.A. § 40-35-114(8); (d) the defendant had no hesitation about committing
    a crime when the risk to human life was high, T.C.A. § 40-35-114(10); (e) the defendant
    was on probation for a former felony conviction, T.C.A. § 40-35-114(13); and (f) the
    defendant was adjudicated to have committed a delinquent act or acts as a juvenile which
    would have constituted a felony if committed by an adult, T.C.A. § 40-35-114(20).
    The defendant contends the trial court should not have used enhancement
    factor (5), the defendant treated or allowed the victim to be treated with extreme cruelty.
    T.C.A. § 40-35-114(5). This enhancement factor is not an element of either second-
    degree murder or aggravated assault. Moreover, the record reflects the defendant and
    Dunn put Box in the trunk of the defendant’s car and transported him to the bridge
    spanning the Rutherford Fork of the Obion River. Box was near death and should have
    been taken to a hospital. Although both the defendant and Dunn were aware Box was
    still alive, they pushed him into the river and then fled the jurisdiction. This conduct was
    extremely cruel. This subissue is without merit.
    Next, the defendant contends the trial court erroneously applied
    enhancement factor (8), the defendant has a previous history of an unwillingness to
    comply with the conditions of a sentence involving release into the community. T.C.A.
    § 40-35-114(8). When sentencing the defendant, the trial court stated on the record that
    it was relying upon the presentence report. However, the record on appeal does not
    contain the presentence report, which makes it impossible for this Court to conduct an
    appropriate de novo review of this issue pursuant to T.C.A. § 40-35-401(d) or determine
    whether the trial court erred. State v. Hayes, 
    894 S.W.2d 298
     (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994).
    Instead, this Court must conclusively presume that the trial court correctly used this
    enhancement factor to enhance the defendant’s sentences. State v. Coolidge, 915
    
    10 S.W.2d 820
    , 826-27 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995); State v. Embry, 
    915 S.W.2d 451
     (Tenn.
    Crim. App. 1995); State v. Locust, 
    914 S.W.2d 554
    , 557 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995).
    Next, the defendant contends the trial court erroneously applied
    enhancement factor (10), the defendant had no hesitation about committing a crime when
    the risk to human life was high. T.C.A. § 40-35-114(10). This Court has previously held
    this factor is not applicable in second-degree murder cases, State v. Butler, 
    900 S.W.2d 305
    , 313-14 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994), or aggravated assault cases, State v. Hill, 
    885 S.W.2d 357
    , 363 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994). Thus, the trial court erred in using this factor
    to increase the defendant’s sentences.
    ``            Although the defendant does not challenge the use of enhancement factor
    (3), the offense involved more than one (1) victim, T.C.A. § 40-35-114(3), the State
    correctly states in its brief this factor may not be used to enhance the defendant’s
    sentences. In this case there were two victims, but the defendant was convicted of
    committing a crime against each victim. The appellate courts have consistently held
    enhancement factor (3) may not be used to enhance a sentence under these
    circumstances. State v. Freeman, 
    943 S.W.2d 25
    , 31 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996); State
    v. Williamson, 
    919 S.W.2d 69
    , 82 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995); State v. Clabo, 
    905 S.W.2d 197
    , 206 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995). Thus, the trial court erred in using this factor to
    increase the defendant’s sentences.
    The defendant also does not challenge the use of enhancement factor (13),
    that the felonies here were committed while the defendant was on probation from a prior
    felony conviction. T.C.A. § 40-35-114(13)(C). It appears clear from the record that the
    defendant was on probation for a juvenile offense, not a felony conviction, when he
    committed the instant crimes, thus rendering enhancement factor (13) inapplicable.
    Thus, the trial court also erred in using enhancement factor (13) to increase the
    11
    defendant’s sentences.
    There are certain enhancement factors that the trial court did not apply,
    even though they are supported by the record. The defendant testified he smoked
    marijuana frequently and sold drugs on occasion. Each time the defendant possessed
    or sold drugs constituted criminal behavior.2 See State v. Keel, 
    882 S.W.2d 410
    , 419
    (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994). Thus, the trial court should have applied enhancement factor
    (1), the defendant had a previous history of criminal convictions or criminal behavior.
    T.C.A. § 40-35-114(1). Additionally, the defendant used a deadly weapon, a knife, to kill
    Box. Since the use of a deadly weapon is not an element of second-degree murder, the
    defendant’s sentence for second-degree murder should have been enhanced pursuant
    to enhancement factor (9), the defendant possessed a deadly weapon during the
    commission of the crime. T.C.A. § 40-35-114(9); Butler, 
    900 S.W.2d at 312-13
    ; Sills v.
    State, 
    884 S.W.2d 139
    , 145 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994).
    The trial court applied one mitigating factor, finding that the defendant
    lacked substantial judgment in committing the offenses due to his young age, which was
    seventeen. T.C.A. § 40-35-113(6). The defendant argues the trial court should have also
    considered the following mitigating factors: (a) he acted under strong provocation, T.C.A.
    § 40-35-113(2); (b) substantial grounds existed which tended to excuse or justify the
    defendant’s criminal conduct although it failed to establish a defense, T.C.A.
    § 40-35-113(3); and (c) he committed the offenses under such unusual circumstances
    that it is unlikely there was a substantial intent to violate the law which motivated his
    conduct. T.C.A. § 40-35-113(11). We disagree.
    This entire matter began when the defendant lied to Reynolds by telling him
    2
    Apparently, the defendant also had several convictions as a juvenile. However, this Court cannot
    consider these convictions since the presentence report has not been inc luded in the record. Embry , 915
    S.W.2d at 451.
    12
    he had sold the drum set. The defendant then antagonized Reynolds by repeatedly
    refusing to give him his share of profits from the “sale.” The defendant continued to
    provoke Reynolds by arguing with him about profits from a sale that did not even occur.
    Moreover, there is no question the defendant was always the aggressor. He attempted
    to get Reynolds to go somewhere with him early that morning, and later, he tried to get
    Reynolds to ride with him in his car. Reynolds refused to do so. The defendant flashed
    his lights to entice Reynolds and Box to pull to the side of the road. The defendant
    stabbed both Reynolds and Box for no apparent reason. Given these circumstances, the
    trial court properly refused to apply the three mitigating factors advanced by the
    defendant.
    In sum, while there were some enhancement factors the trial court should
    not have used to enhance the defendant’s sentences, there were other factors the trial
    court should have used to enhance his sentences. Further, the trial court properly
    applied the only mitigating factor it could under the circumstances of this case, i.e., that
    the defendant lacked substantial judgment in committing the offenses due to his young
    age. See T.C.A. § 40-35-113(6). Thus, we find no error with the sentences imposed by
    the trial court.
    V.
    The defendant has presented an issue captioned “[w]hether any other
    reversible error was committed by the trial court,” under which he presents five separate
    arguments. Although this Court does not favor the lumping of several unrelated issues
    within a single issue, see State v. Williams, 
    914 S.W.2d 940
    , 947-48 (Tenn. Crim. App.
    1995), each argument will be addressed in turn.
    A.
    The defendant sought to introduce two photographs.         One photograph
    13
    depicted a confederate flag and the other photograph depicted a Nazi swastika. The
    defendant contended that Dunn had painted these insignias on the bridge where Box was
    pushed into the Obion River. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in ruling the
    photographs should be excluded as evidence. See State v. Bowers, 
    744 S.W.2d 588
    ,
    590 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1987). This evidence was not relevant to any issue to be resolved
    by the jury, and the prejudicial effect of admitting this evidence would far outweigh the
    probative value, if any, of the photographs. See State v. Banks, 
    564 S.W.2d 947
    , 951
    (Tenn. 1978). Furthermore, this argument has been waived, as the defendant has failed
    to cite any supporting authority. T.R.A.P. 27(a)(7); Rules of the Court of Criminal Appeals
    of Tennessee 10(b).
    B.
    The defendant contends the trial court erred by denying “his pre-trial motion
    for funds for a [private] clinical psychologist.” We find no reversible error because the
    defendant failed to comply with State v. Barnett, 
    909 S.W.2d 423
     (Tenn. 1995).
    Moreover, this argument has been waived for failure to cite authority. T.R.A.P. 27(a)(7);
    Rules of the Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee 10(b).
    C.
    The defendant contends the trial court erred by denying his motions for a
    judgment of acquittal on the first-degree murder charge and by instructing the jury on the
    offense of first-degree murder. This issue is moot because the jury returned a verdict of
    second-degree murder. See State v. Robert E. Sanderson, No. 01C01-9308-CR-00269,
    Davidson County (Tenn. Crim. App. filed September 27, 1995, at Nashville). Additionally,
    this argument has been waived for failure to cite authority. T.R.A.P. 27(a)(7); Rules of
    the Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee 10(b).
    14
    D.
    The defendant contends the trial court erred in denying two motions for
    continuance. Whether a continuance should be granted rests within the sound discretion
    of the trial court. Mandina v. State, 
    749 S.W.2d 472
    , 473 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1985); State
    v. Lambert, 
    741 S.W.2d 127
    , 131 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1987). This Court will not interfere
    with the exercise of this discretion absent clear abuse appearing on the face of the
    record. Moorehead v. State, 
    219 Tenn. 271
    , 
    409 S.W.2d 357
    , 358 (1966). Here, the
    defendant has failed to show clear abuse of discretion.
    E.
    Finally, the defendant contends that under T.C.A. § 37-1-133(b), the trial
    court erroneously allowed the assistant district attorney general to question him during
    the sentencing hearing about his prior juvenile court proceedings and that the trial court
    improperly used this evidence to enhance his sentence. The defendant’s reliance upon
    § 37-1-133(b) is misplaced. Section 37-1-133(b) states, “The disposition of a child and
    evidence adduced in a hearing in juvenile court may not be used against such child in any
    proceeding in any court other than a juvenile court, whether before or after reaching
    majority, except in dispositional proceedings after conviction of a felony for the purposes
    of a pre-sentence investigation and report.”       However, while evidence of juvenile
    convictions is not admissible during the guilt phase of a criminal case, State v. Davis, 
    741 S.W.2d 120
    , 123 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1987), this Court has held that “a juvenile record of
    criminal conduct may properly be considered in assessing a suitable sentence upon a
    felony conviction by an adult.” State v. Stockton, 
    733 S.W.2d 111
    , 112-13 (Tenn. Crim.
    App. 1986). The defendant’s argument lacks merit.
    CONCLUSION
    Each issue raised by the defendant is without merit. The judgment of the
    trial court is affirmed.
    _______________________________
    JOHN H. PEAY, Judge
    15
    CONCUR:
    (Not participating)*
    JOE B. JONES, Judge
    ______________________________________
    THOMAS T. W OODALL, Judge
    *Judge Joe B. Jones died May 1, 1998, and did not participate in this opinion.
    We acknowledge his faithful
    service to this Court, both as a member of the Court and as its Presiding Judge.
    16