State of Tennessee v. Tony Samuel ( 2015 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs July 07, 2015
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. TONY SAMUEL
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lauderdale County
No. 7691 Joe H. Walker, III, Judge
No. W2014-02085-CCA-R3-CD - Filed July 21, 2015
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The petitioner, Tony Samuel, filed an untimely notice of appeal of the trial court‟s denial
of his motion to correct an illegal sentence. Following our review, we conclude that the
interest of justice does not warrant a waiver of the notice requirement because the
petitioner failed to state a colorable claim for relief. Therefore, we dismiss this appeal as
untimely.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Appeal Dismissed
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which THOMAS T.
WOODALL, P.J., and D. KELLY THOMAS, JR., J., joined.
Tony Samuel, Whiteville, Tennessee, pro se.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; and Jonathan H. Wardle, Assistant
Attorney General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
The petitioner was convicted of one count of aggravated rape, a Class A felony,
and one count of aggravated kidnapping, a Class B felony. On direct appeal, this court
affirmed the petitioner‟s convictions and effective thirty-five-year sentence. State v.
Samuel, 243 S.W.3d 592, 595 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2007). Recognizing that neither the
petitioner nor the State had raised the issue of substantive due process in regard to the
petitioner‟s aggravated kidnapping conviction, this court sua sponte noted that the
petitioner‟s due process rights under State v. Anthony were not affected so as to
necessitate plain error review. Id. at 603 n.2. The petitioner subsequently filed a petition
for post-conviction relief, alleging that the trial court did not have subject matter
jurisdiction over the case and that trial counsel was ineffective. Tony Samuel v. State,
No. W2008-02346-CCA-R3-PC, 2009 WL 3832695 (Tenn. Crim. App. Nov. 16, 2009).
On appeal, this court affirmed the denial of the petition. Id. at *1.
On July 1, 2014, the petitioner filed a “Motion for Correction of Clerical Errors
and Motion to Correct Illegal Sentence.” The motion raised a litany of claims, including
that he did not receive pretrial jail credit; that his sentence was excessive; that his
sentence was illegal under Blakely v. Washington because a jury did not find the
applicable enhancement factors; and numerous claims of ineffective assistance of
counsel. The petitioner also filed several “Judicial Notice[s] of Law,” including a July 7,
2014 notice that he would later copy and submit as his appellate brief.
The trial court denied the motion without appointing counsel or conducting a
hearing after finding that the petitioner failed to state a colorable claim for relief. The
petitioner‟s sentences were to be served consecutively to a prior sentence, and the trial
court found that pretrial jail credits were properly applied to the prior sentence. The trial
court found that the issue of the petitioner‟s sentence was addressed on appeal and that he
failed to state a colorable claim. The court also found that the petitioner had a post-
conviction hearing in which trial counsel was found to be effective and that this finding
was affirmed on appeal. The order denying the motion was entered on August 15, 2014.
On October 22, 2014, the petitioner filed a “Motion to File Delayed Notice of
Appeal and Notice of Appeal.” In the motion, the petitioner contended that he mailed his
motion for permission to appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeals on September 15, 2014.
He wrote a letter to the clerk of this court on October 1, 2014, inquiring about the status
of his appeal. This letter is included in the record and was file stamped by the trial court
clerk on October 8, 2014. The petitioner stated that this court returned his notice of
appeal to the trial court. He claimed that the trial court then notified him on October 15,
2014, that it received the notice of appeal and informed him that he needed to file his
notice in the trial court. He requested that he be permitted to file a delayed appeal. The
petitioner attached a document titled “Permission to Appeal” to his motion, and that
document has a handwritten date of September 15, 2014.
On February 24, 2015, the petitioner filed a “Judicial Notice of Law” as his
appellate brief. On February 25, 2015, the petitioner filed a motion to waive the timely
filing of his notice of appeal. He contended that he erroneously filed his “original
appeal” before filing his notice of appeal in the trial court. He requested that this court
accept his appeal as filed. He also attached a memorandum from the warden at the
Hardeman County Correctional Facility that addressed the “Lockdown Status” of the
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facility. The memorandum is dated February 12, 2015, and contains a handwritten
notation next to the words “Lockdown Status” that reads “Still Effective 2/14/2015.” It
appears that the petitioner intended this memorandum to explain why his brief, which
was due February 16, 2015, was not submitted until February 24, 2015. This court
deferred consideration of the motion because the petitioner had already filed his appellate
brief.
The petitioner filed several motions “for Court to Take Judicial Notice” in this
court. This court issued an order stating that it would “take judicial notice of the law in
accordance with Rule 202 of the Tennessee Rules of Evidence.”
ANALYSIS
It appears that the petitioner argues that his sentence is illegal, in addition to a host
of other claims. The State contends that the appeal should be dismissed for a failure to
timely file a notice of appeal and that the petitioner‟s claims of an illegal sentence are
without merit.
Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a) states that the notice of appeal “shall
be filed with and received by the clerk of the trial court within 30 days after the date of
entry of the judgment appealed from.” Here, the trial court issued its order on August 15,
2014, and the petitioner‟s notice of appeal was file stamped October 22, 2014, over two
months after the trial court‟s entry of judgment. Therefore, his notice of appeal was
untimely. However, in a criminal case, “the „notice of appeal‟ document is not
jurisdictional and the filing of such document may be waived in the interest of justice.”
Id. “In determining whether waiver is appropriate this Court shall consider the nature of
the issues for review, the reasons for the delay in seeking relief, and other relevant factors
presented in each case.” Michelle Pierre Hill v. State, No. 01C01-9506-CC-00175, 1996
WL 63950, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. Feb. 13, 1996). “Waiver is not automatic and should
occur only when „the interest of justice‟ mandates waiver.” State v. Rockwell, 280
S.W.3d 212, 214 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2007).
As the reason for the delay, the petitioner contends that he timely but incorrectly
sent his notice of appeal to this court instead of the trial court. Although there is no
postmark indicating that his notice was received or returned by this court, the document
contains a handwritten date of September 15, 2014, which would have made the notice
timely.
Turning to the issues for review, it is not clear precisely which issues the petitioner
wishes to or attempts to raise on appeal. Although the record reflects that the petitioner‟s
appellate brief was submitted on February 24, 2015, there are several documents that
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could be construed as appellate briefs. The first is the February 24, 2015 “Judicial Notice
of Law.” Although the document did not satisfy any of the requirements for the content
and format of an appellate brief as enumerated in Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure
27, it is the only document with a file stamp date of February 24, 2015. In this document,
the petitioner appears to assert that he is entitled to reopen post-conviction proceedings
and that his claims are not procedurally defaulted, and he cites to a variety of United
States Supreme Court cases. He also argues that he would not have been convicted in
light of the Tennessee Supreme Court‟s decision in State v. White, 352 S.W.3d 559
(Tenn. 2012). However, these arguments are not a challenge to the legality of the
petitioner‟s sentence; instead, the claims amount to an attack on his convictions. Rule
36.1 is intended “to provide an avenue for correcting allegedly illegal sentences. The
Rule does not provide an avenue for seeking the reversal of convictions.” State v. Jimmy
Wayne Wilson, No. E2013-02354-CCA-R3-CD, 2014 WL 1285622, at *2 (Tenn. Crim.
App. Mar. 31, 2014), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Nov. 19, 2014). Therefore, this document
contains no colorable claim for relief pursuant to Rule 36.1.
The second document most resembling a brief is the petitioner‟s “Notice of
Appeal,” file stamped October 22, 2014. In this document, he raises numerous claims,
including a White claim, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, and an argument that
his claims are not procedurally defaulted, that in reality are challenges to his convictions.
Such challenges are not within the ambit of Rule 36.1, and we do not address these
claims in considering the denial of his 36.1 motion. In regards to his sentence, he argues
that it is illegal in light of Blakely v. Washington because he was entitled to have a jury
find applicable enhancement factors and that the trial court erroneously applied several
enhancement factors. However, an alleged Blakely violation operates only to make a
judgment voidable, not void. See Timothy R. Bowles v. State, No. M2006-01685-CCA-
R3-HC, 2007 WL 1266594, at *2-3 (Tenn. Crim. App. May 1, 2007). Thus, “[b]ecause a
Blakely violation does not meet the Rule 36.1 definition of an illegal sentence and does
not establish a void or otherwise illegal judgment,” the petitioner fails to state a colorable
claim for relief. State v. Rafael Antonio Bush, No. M2014-01193-CCA-R3-CD, 2014
WL 7204637, at *4 (Tenn. Crim. App. Dec. 18, 2014), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Mar. 12,
2015). Further, this court addressed the issue of the petitioner‟s sentence on direct appeal
and concluded that his sentence was proper. Samuel, 243 S.W.3d at 605-608. The
petitioner was sentenced as a Range II offender and received within-range sentences of
thirty-five years for aggravated rape and eighteen years for aggravated kidnapping. Id. at
605. There is nothing illegal about the petitioner‟s sentence.
None of the issues raised by the petitioner in either document state a colorable
claim that his sentence is illegal. Therefore, we conclude that the interest of justice does
not mandate waiver of the timely notice of appeal in this case. As a result, we dismiss the
appeal as untimely. The petitioner is not entitled to relief.
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CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing, the petitioner‟s appeal is dismissed as untimely.
_________________________________
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, JUDGE
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