State of Tennessee v. Matthew Melton Jackson ( 2017 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs February 15, 2017
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. MATTHEW MELTON JACKSON
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Robertson County
Nos. 01-0022, 01-0086 Jill Bartee Ayers, Judge
No. M2016-01559-CCA-R3-CD – Filed February 22, 2017
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The Defendant, Matthew Melton Jackson, pleaded guilty to one count of aggravated
kidnapping, one count of aggravated robbery, one count of theft of property valued over
$500, and two counts of aggravated rape, and the trial court sentenced him to an effective
sentence of twenty-five years, to be served at 100%. This Court affirmed the Defendant’s
sentence on appeal. State v. Matthew Melton Jackson, No. M2001-01999-CCA-R3-CD,
2003 WL 288432, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville, Feb. 7, 2003), perm. app.
denied (Tenn. May 12, 2003). The Defendant then unsuccessfully filed two petitions for
post-conviction relief and two petitions for writs of habeas corpus, and this Court
affirmed the lower courts’ denial of relief in each regard. The Defendant then filed a
Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 36.1 motion to correct his allegedly illegal
sentence, which the trial court summarily dismissed. We affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
Tenn. R. App. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which THOMAS T.
WOODALL, P.J., and TIMOTHY L. EASTER, J., joined.
Matthew Melton Jackson, Tiptonville, Tennessee, Pro Se.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Leslie E. Price, Senior Counsel;
John W. Carney, Jr., District Attorney General; and Jason White, Assistant District
Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Facts
This case arises from events that took place after two women, D.H. and S.H.1 were
leaving work at a Blockbuster Video Store at the end of 2000. When reviewing the
Defendant’s sentence on direct appeal, this Court briefly summarized the facts as follows:
The victims, D.H. and S.H., were leaving work at a Blockbuster
Video Store when the Defendant, dressed in black and wearing a “black
hood,” approached the women and pointed a chrome Lorcin .380 semi-
automatic pistol at them. . . . The pistol was unloaded, although the victims
were not aware of this until their ordeal was over. Defendant ordered the
women to open the safe, and Defendant put some money into a bag. He
then motioned both women into the ladies’ restroom but changed his mind
and ordered S.H. to accompany him. Defendant warned D.H. to stay in the
restroom. Defendant took S.H. to the southeast side of the store where he
made her undress at gunpoint.
Defendant inserted the barrel of the pistol into S.H.’s vagina and
raped her with the gun. He then went to the front of the store and retrieved
a small plastic bag usually provided customers when they rented video
tapes. After he constructed a make-shift condom, Defendant began to rape
S.H. a second time. During this assault, Sergeant Ricky Morris of the
Springfield Police Department drove into the store’s parking lot on a
routine inspection of the storefront. The Defendant saw the police car and
fled the store through a back door.
The police officers, accompanied by a K-9 unit, searched the
immediate area and apprehended Defendant when he ran from his hiding
spot behind the video store. At the time of his capture, the police officers
discovered a pistol, ski mask, prescription glasses and $746.26 in cash.
Jackson, 2003 WL 288432, at *3. Based upon these facts, the trial court accepted the
Defendant’s plea of guilty to one count of aggravated kidnapping, one count of
aggravated robbery, one count of theft of property valued over $500, and two counts of
aggravated rape. Id. at *1. The trial court then sentenced the Defendant to: twenty-five
years, at 100%, for each of the aggravated rape convictions; twelve years, at 100%, for
the aggravated kidnapping conviction; ten years, at 30%, for the aggravated robbery; and
two years, at 30%, for the theft of property conviction. Id. It ordered that all the
sentences run concurrently, for a total effective sentence of twenty-five years in prison.
Id.
1 To protect the privacy of the victims, we will refer to them by their initials only.
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The Defendant appealed the length of his sentence, arguing that the trial court
erroneously applied two enhancement factors and that it failed to consider that his actions
did not cause serious bodily injury. Id. at *2. This Court, after noting that the guilty plea
transcript was not included in the record and that the record was limited, concluded that
the trial court did not err when it sentenced the Defendant. Id. at *5.
In a procedural history spanning more than ten years, the Defendant filed two
post-conviction petitions and two habeas corpus petitions. The first post-conviction
petition alleged that he had received the ineffective assistance of counsel, in part because
his counsel failed to include the guilty plea transcript. Matthew Melton Jackson v. State,
No. M2004-01342-CCA-R3-PC, 2005 WL 1220242, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at
Nashville, May 18, 2015), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Oct. 31, 2005). This Court agreed
that the failure to include the transcript constituted deficient performance but held that the
Defendant had not proven that he was prejudiced by counsel’s actions. Id. at *9.
The Defendant filed a petition for habeas corpus relief in which he alleged that his
sentences were imposed in violation of Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004), and
its progeny, which held that enhancement factors must be found by a jury. The habeas
corpus court denied the writ, and this Court affirmed, holding that our Supreme Court had
held that Blakely and its progeny did not apply retroactively and therefore did not apply
to the Defendant’s 2001 sentences. See Matthew Melton Jackson v. State, No. W2008-
023338-CCA-R3-HC, 2009 WL 1492212, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Jackson, May 28,
2009), no Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed.
The Defendant filed a second petition for a writ of habeas corpus, again alleging
that his sentences were illegal pursuant to Blakely and its progeny. The habeas corpus
court dismissed the petition, and this Court affirmed on the basis that this issue had
previously been adjudicated. Matthew Melton Jackson v. State, No. W2011-00583-CCA-
R3-HC, 2011 WL 3849558, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Jackson, Aug. 31, 2011), no.
Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed.
The Defendant filed a petition for post-conviction DNA analysis. The post-
conviction court denied this petition, and this Court affirmed holding that the results of
any analysis would not create a reasonable probability that the Defendant would not have
been prosecuted or convicted, as required by the statute. Matthew Melton Jackson v.
State, No. M2012-01759-CCA-R3-PC, 2013 WL 1385011, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at
Nashville, Apr. 5, 2013), no Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed.
We note that the Defendant, in his filing with the lower court, alleged that he filed
two other habeas corpus petitions, one in 2013 and one in 2016. He asserted that the
2013 petition addressed the issue of mandatory registration as a sexual offender and the
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community supervision for life issues, which he asserted the trial court failed to address.
He stated that the 2016 petition alleged the same issues as his previous convictions and
that it was denied.
In June 2016, the Defendant filed a motion to correct an illegal sentence pursuant
to Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 36.1. The Defendant asked that the trial court
reduce his sentence to twenty years “at most less mitigating factors to 15 (FIFTEEN)
years.” In support of his motion, the Defendant alleged that: (1) his sentence violated ex
post facto protections; (2) his sentence was illegal and jurisdictionally defective; (3) his
sentence was invalid because the trial court considered inappropriate enhancement
factors; (4) his sentence were entered improperly and in contravention of the criminal
sentencing reform act; (5) he received a certain type of punishment that the law now
forbids; (6) he was sentenced without undergoing a type of procedure that the law now
requires; and (7) his right to due process was violated when the trial court accepted his
guilty pleas.
The trial court summarily dismissed the Defendant’s Rule 36.1 motion. It stated
that all of the issues raised in the motion had been adjudicated, appealed, and affirmed on
appeal. It is from this judgment that the Defendant now appeals.
II. Analysis
On appeal, the Defendant contends that the trial court erred when it found that he
had not asserted a colorable claim for relief because his sentence is illegal. He explains
that his sentence is illegal because the trial court erred when it increased his sentence
above the presumptive minimum by finding enhancement factors without submitting it to
a jury to find beyond a reasonable doubt. He further asserts that his sentence is illegal
despite this Court’s previous findings in his habeas corpus petitions. Finally, the
Defendant states that ex post facto and “manifest injustice rights” warrant consideration
of the issues he raises. He asks this Court to review the issues he presents in the interest
of justice because his sentence is both illegal and “[u]nduly harsh.” The State counters
that all the issues raised have either been adjudicated or are not colorable claims for Rule
36.1 relief. We agree with the State.
Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 36.1 provides in pertinent part that:
(a) Either the defendant or the state may, at any time, seek the correction of
an illegal sentence by filing a motion to correct an illegal sentence in the
trial court in which the judgment of conviction was entered. For purposes
of this rule, an illegal sentence is one that is not authorized by the
applicable statutes or that directly contravenes an applicable statute.
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(b) Notice of any motion filed pursuant to this rule shall be promptly
provided to the adverse party. If the motion states a colorable claim that the
sentence is illegal, and if the defendant is indigent and is not already
represented by counsel, the trial court shall appoint counsel to represent the
defendant. The adverse party shall have thirty days within which to file a
written response to the motion, after which the court shall hold a hearing on
the motion, unless all parties waive the hearing.
Tenn. R. Crim. P. 36.1(a), (b) (2014).
A “colorable claim” within the language of Rule 36.1 is defined as “a claim that, if
taken as true and viewed in a light most favorable to the moving party, would entitle the
moving party to relief under Rule 36.1.” State v. Brown, 479 S.W.3d 200, 213 (Tenn.
2015) (citing State v. Wooden, 478 S.W.3d 585, 595-96 (Tenn. 2015)).
As stated, an “illegal sentence,” as defined by this statute, is one that is “not
authorized by the applicable statutes or that directly contravenes the applicable statute.”
The Defendant’s contentions are first that the trial court erred when it sentenced him in
contravention of Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004). The trial court sentenced
the Defendant on July 20, 2001, and the Supreme Court issued the opinion in Blakely in
2004. Our Supreme Court held that Blakely and its progeny did not establish a new rule
of constitutional law which was entitled to retroactive application on collateral review.
See Travis J. Woods v. State, No. E2007-02379-CCA-R3-PC, 2009 WL 723522 at *14-
15 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Knoxville, Mar. 18, 2009), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Aug. 17,
2009); Ira Ishamael Muhammad v. State, No. E2007-00748-CCA-R3-PC, 2009 WL
400633, at *5 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Knoxville, Feb. 18, 2009), perm. app. denied (Tenn.
Aug. 17, 2009); Ortega Wiltz v. State, No. M2006-02740-CCA-R3-PC, 2008 WL
1850796, at *9 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville, Apr. 25, 2008), perm. app. denied (Tenn.
Oct. 27, 2008); Timothy R. Bowles v. State, No. M2006-01685-CCA-R3-HC, 2007 WL
1266594, at *3 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville, May 1, 2007). Further, in the case under
submission and on the Defendant’s previous appeal, this Court has held that Blakely and
its progeny do not retroactively apply to the Defendant’s sentence. Jackson, 2009 WL
1492212, at *2. This Court also held that a Blakely violation does not meet the definition
of an “illegal sentence” in Rule 36.1. State v. Rafeal Antonio Bush, No. M2014-01193-
CCA-R3-CD, 2014 WL 7204637, at *4 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville, Dec. 18, 2014).
We conclude that the Defendant’s other issues, namely that his guilty plea was not
knowingly and voluntarily entered, that the trial court improperly enhanced his sentence,
and that resentencing him under the 2005 amendments would violate the prohibition
against ex post facto laws, are not proper grounds for Rule 36.1 relief. Accordingly, we
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conclude that the trial court did not err when it summarily dismissed the Defendant’s
Rule 36.1 motion, and he is not entitled to relief.
III. Conclusion
In accordance with the foregoing reasoning and authorities, we affirm the trial
court’s judgment.
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ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE
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