State of Tennessee v. Darrell Davon King ( 2004 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs November 18, 2003
STATE OF TENNESSEE V. DARRELL DAVON KING
Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Davidson County
No. 2002-B-643 Seth Norman, Judge
No. M2003-00196-CCA-R3-CD - Filed March 9, 2004
After being indicted on two counts of rape by force, two counts of rape, two counts of incest, and
one count of sexual battery, the appellant, Darrell Davon King, pled guilty to two counts of rape, for
which he received two, concurrent eight-year sentences at 100% service. The manner of the service
of the sentences was left open. The trial court subsequently ordered the appellant to serve the
sentences in incarceration. On appeal, the appellant argues that the trial court erred in denying him
probation or community corrections. Upon review of the record and the parties’ briefs, we conclude
that the trial court erred in failing to state on the record its reasons for denying probation and/or a
community corrections sentence. As a result we REVERSE the trial court’s sentencing order and
REMAND with directions that the trial court make specific findings of fact with respect to its
sentencing determinations
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Trial Court is Reversed and
Remanded.
JERRY L. SMITH , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOSEPH M. TIPTON , and ROBERT W.
WEDEMEYER, JJ., joined.
Theodora A. Pappas, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Darrell Davon King.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General & Reporter; Braden H. Boucek, Assistant Attorney General;
Victor S. Johnson, District Attorney General; and Bernard McEvoy, Assistant District Attorney
General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
Factual Background
In April of 2001, the appellant was living with his mother. The victim, the appellant’s
fourteen-year-old niece, was also staying at the home during her Easter break from Tennessee
Preparatory School. One night while the appellant’s mother was at work, the appellant agreed to stay
at the house with the victim and her younger brother. While the victim was asleep in her bed, she
claimed that the appellant entered the room, pulled down her shorts and panties and physically
restrained her while he digitally penetrated her vagina and performed oral sex on her. The appellant
did not deny penetrating the victim’s vagina with his tongue or finger, but claimed that he was under
the influence of cocaine, ecstasy, and alcohol at the time of the incident.
The appellant was indicted by the Davidson County Grand Jury on two counts of rape by
force, two counts of rape, two counts of incest, and one count of sexual battery. He pled guilty to
two counts of rape for which he received two concurrent, eight-year sentences at 100%. At a
sentencing hearing, the trial court heard testimony from the appellant and accepted the pre-sentence
report and a psychosexual evaluation into evidence.1
The appellant testified that, at the time of the sentencing hearing, he was forty-one years of
age with a ninth-grade education. The appellant was in the national guard for five years, after which
he received an honorable discharge. He claimed that prior to his arrest, he was employed at Wingate
or Windfield Nursing Home for four to five months. The preparer of the pre-sentence report was
unable to verify the appellant’s employment at Windfield Retirement Home. Prior to that, the
appellant was employed through a temporary service. At the time of the appellant’s arrest, he was
living with his mother. The victim stayed at the same home on and off during this time period. The
appellant admitted that he had a “number of misdemeanors on [his] record” and that he has a severe
problem with alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, and pills. He testified that he started using drugs
approximately five years ago, but that he began abusing alcohol when he was approximately nineteen
or twenty years of age. The appellant expressed remorse for the offenses, but ultimately blamed his
behavior on the effects of drugs and alcohol.
The pre-sentence report indicates that the appellant had two prior arrests for driving under
the influence, as well as arrests for shoplifting, larceny, malicious destruction of property, and two
1
Although the pre-sentence report and a psychosexual evaluation were admitted into evidence at the sentencing
hearing, the pre-sentence report and psychosexual evaluation submitted to this Court as part of the record on appeal do
not bear any notations by the trial court, i.e., they are not numbered or marked filed by the clerk of the trial court.
However, neither party contests the validity of these documents and each party relies on the contents of these documents
in their briefs on appeal. Accordingly, any issue as to lack of authenticity is waived. See Tenn. R. App. P. 13(b); see
also State v. Jerry Blaylock, No. 02C01-9602-CC-00069, 1997 W L 475163 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Jackson, Aug. 21,
1997) perm. to appeal denied (Tenn. Apr. 20, 1998).
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arrests for violation of probation. The appellant admitted he committed the D.U.I. offenses. The
appellant also admitted to using alcohol and illegal drugs. However, the pre-sentence report reflects
that his other arrests either did not result in a conviction or the disposition of the charges is unknown.
At the conclusion of the evidence, the trial court determined that probation was not
warranted, stating:
Well, again, unfortunately there is no place that I know of that can help him, help .
. . [the appellant] out. I say intensive treatment and things of that nature, but I have
no suggestion, remedy or anything of that nature and frankly I’m not aware of
anybody that would provide it. I sentence him to serve eight years in the Department
of Corrections at a hundred percent. I’ll run them concurrent, one with the other.
On appeal, the appellant argues that the trial court erred in not granting him probation or
community corrections because it failed to consider the relevant sentencing principles and did not
affirmatively articulate on the record the reasons for the denial of these alternatives to incarceration.
The State counters that because the appellant is not presumptively entitled to an alternative sentence,
has an extensive criminal history, committed a serious offense, and refused to shoulder responsibility
for his actions, full incarceration is warranted even though the record lacks proof that the trial court
considered applicable sentencing principles.
Analysis
When there is a challenge to the length, range, or manner of service of a sentence, it is the
duty of this court to conduct a de novo review of the record with a presumption that the
determinations made by the trial court are correct. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401(d). “However,
the presumption of correctness which accompanies the trial court’s action is conditioned upon the
affirmative showing in the record that the trial court considered the sentencing principles and all
relevant facts and circumstances.” State v. Ashby, 823 S.W.2d 166, 169 (Tenn. 1991). In
conducting our review, we must consider the defendant’s potential for rehabilitation, the trial and
sentencing hearing evidence, the pre-sentence report, the sentencing principles, sentencing
alternative arguments, the nature and character of the offense, the enhancing and mitigating factors,
and the defendant’s statements. Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 40-35-103(5), -210(b); Ashby, 823 S.W.2d at
169. We are to also recognize that the defendant bears “the burden of demonstrating that the
sentence is improper.” Ashby, 823 S.W.2d at 169.
A defendant who “is an especially mitigated or standard offender convicted of a Class C, D,
or E felony is presumed to be a favorable candidate for alternative sentencing options in the absence
of evidence to the contrary.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-102(6). The appellant in this case stands
convicted of two Class B felonies. Based upon the B felony convictions, the appellant receives no
presumption in favor of alternative sentencing. Thus, the State has no burden to justify an
incarcerative sentence via the considerations upon which incarceration must be premised. See State
v. Joshua L. Webster, No. E1999-02203-CCA-R3-CD, 2000 WL 1772518 (Tenn. Crim. App. at
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Knoxville, Dec. 4, 2000); see also Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35- 103(1); State v. Zeolia, 928 S.W.2d
457, 461 (Tenn. Crim. App.1996) (holding that when presumption of favorable candidacy for
alternative sentencing options applies, the State must justify confinement by showing “evidence to
the contrary” of the presumption).
The appellant’s convictions of two felonies against the person rendered him ineligible for
Community Corrections placement unless he demonstrated that he had a special need that could best
be dealt with by community placement. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-36-106(a)(2), (c). Although
there is evidence that the appellant has a significant substance abuse problem, there is no evidence
that this problem could be better dealt with in the community, as opposed to an incarcerative setting.
In any event, the trial judge made no findings on the appellant’s suitability for a community
corrections sentence under Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-36-106(a)(2).
The trial court failed to specify on the record whether it applied or considered any
enhancement or mitigating factors when imposing the incarerative sentence and failed to specify with
any particularity why it denied probation or a placement in a community corrections program. The
record of a sentencing hearing is part of the record of the case and “shall include specific findings
of fact upon which application of the sentencing principles was based.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-
209(c). The purpose of recording the court’s reasoning is to guarantee the preparation of a proper
record for appellate review. State v. Ervin, 939 S.W.2d 581, 584 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996).
Conclusion
The trial court’s failure to make specific findings of fact as to the reasons for denial of
probation and community corrections in this matter requires this Court to vacate the trial court’s
sentencing order and remand the case for specific findings of fact made on the record as to the
appellant’s suitability or lack thereof for probation or community corrections.
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JERRY L. SMITH, JUDGE
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