Bernardo Lane v. State of Tennessee ( 2009 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs July 14, 2009
BERNARDO LANE v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County
Nos. 94-11344-49, P-24886 James M. Lammey, Jr., Judge
No. W2008-02504-CCA-R3-CO - Filed December 11, 2009
The petitioner, Bernardo Lane, appeals the denial of relief from his petition for writ of error coram
nobis. He was convicted of first degree felony murder, first degree premeditated murder, and four
counts of aggravated robbery. On appeal, he argues that he has received newly discovered evidence
in the form of an affidavit signed by a codefendant, which purports to exonerate the petitioner from
all wrongdoing. After careful review, we affirm the denial of error coram nobis relief.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which NORMA MCGEE OGLE and
ALAN E. GLENN , JJ., joined.
Robert Brooks, Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellant, Bernardo Lane.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Lacy Wilber, Assistant Attorney General;
William L. Gibbons, District Attorney General; and David Zak, Assistant District Attorney General,
for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
This court summarized the following facts on direct appeal:
The facts in this case reveal that on December 27, 1993, there was a home invasion
at 6858 Birch Run Lane in Memphis, Tennessee, during which four individuals were
robbed. The four victims were Billy Mosley, his wife Artis Mosley, their daughter
Danyale Davis, and their son Kenneth Mosley. During the robbery, Kenneth Mosley
was shot once in the back and killed. Police developed the following four suspects
in the crimes: Defendant Hanna, Defendant Lane, Andre Hamilton, and Derrick
Coleman.
....
The facts presented at trial revealed that in December 1993, Billy Mosley lived with
his wife Artis Mosley, his son Kenneth Mosley, and his stepdaughter Danyale Davis
at 6858 Birch Run Lane in Memphis, Tennessee. On the evening of December 27,
1993, he and Ms. Mosley had gone to bed and Kenneth Mosley had gone out bowling
and/or to a wrestling match. Kenneth returned home between 10:00 and 10:30 p.m.
Shortly thereafter, Billy Mosley heard a loud “bump” and then he heard screaming
in the house. Billy Mosley got out of bed, and as he opened his bedroom door, a man
put a gun in his face and told him to get back in the bedroom. Kenneth Mosley also
told his dad to return to his bedroom. During this time, Billy Mosley heard someone
yelling to Kenneth Mosley, “Where’s the money, where’s the damn dope.” Billy
Mosley and his wife retreated to the bathroom off of their bedroom. They then heard
a single gunshot and Mrs. Mosley ran out of the room. Billy Mosley heard someone
yell at his wife to get down on the floor. Shortly thereafter, he heard someone say,
“We’ve been in this house too long, let’s get out of here.” Billy Mosley emerged a
short time later to find Kenneth Mosley lying on the floor face down, having been
shot in the back. He also noticed that his front door had been broken down.
Billy Mosley discovered that his wallet and pager, which had been on the dresser in
his bedroom, were missing. He testified that Kenneth Mosley looked as if he had
been searched because his clothes were “open,” and his pants pockets were turned
inside out. Mosley was unable to find the jewelry which Kenneth Mosley normally
wore. A gallon jug of coins that had been on the floor at the front door was also
missing. Mr. Mosley testified that he had once overheard an argument between
Kenneth Mosley and an individual called “Nardo.” Although Billy Mosley was not
very familiar with Nardo, he testified that Nardo had once come to the house and left
a note for Kenneth. However, he could not remember the exact date of Nardo’s visit.
The note, which was admitted at trial, stated the following:
Say ma[ ]n you need to call me soon as possible because I don’t know
what you pulling. [I] told you I was on my way and you said you was
not going no w[h]ere. I’m not asking you no more. It’s been a
straight month and this is last time. Don’t take this as a [threat]. You
just need [to] stop playing. I’m not playing no more. [phone number]
On cross-examination, Billy Mosley stated that he only caught a glimpse of the man
who put a gun in his face. That man had nothing covering his face. Mosley also
testified that he was not harmed during the incident. He said that the gunshot came
after the intruders had been in the house approximately five minutes.
Artis Mosley, Kenneth’s mother, testified to much of the same events as her husband.
She said that she heard her daughter say, “Please don’t hurt me,” and that she then
ran out of the bathroom and bedroom to the living room. A man then put a gun in
her face and instructed her to lie down on the floor. One of the intruders had a towel
-2-
covering his face. She observed her son lying on the floor. She saw another man
with a gun ransacking an adjacent bedroom. The man with a towel over his face took
Mrs. Mosley’s rings from her fingers. Mrs. Mosley testified further that Nardo had
called their house on several occasions. She said that the voice of the man with a
towel over his face sounded like that of Nardo.
Danyale Davis, Kenneth’s stepsister, testified that she had discovered she was
pregnant earlier on the day of the home invasion. She stated that she was on the
telephone in her bedroom when she heard the loud crash that night. She went to her
bedroom door and as she reached it, the door was thrown open and she saw a man
with a towel over his face holding a gun. The man took money from her purse and
proceeded to move her about the house, instructing her to “find the dope money.”
Ms. Davis asked the man not to hurt her because she was pregnant, and the man
replied, “well, find the dope money.” They proceeded through the house looking for
money, and as they did so, Ms. Davis saw Kenneth Mosley lying on the floor with
a man standing over him holding a gun.
Following the shooting, Ms. Davis was shown two photo arrays by Sergeant
Richardson. She identified Defendant Hanna in one of the arrays and Defendant
Lane in the other one. She further identified both Defendants in court as the
perpetrators. However, Ms. Davis was unable to say who actually shot Kenneth
Mosley. Ms. Davis also identified Kenneth Mosley’s address book at trial. That
address book had a listing for Nardo and phone number next to his name. That
number matched the telephone number on the note left with Billy Mosley for
Kenneth Mosley.
Sergeant Richardson testified that he learned that the telephone number listed beside
the name Nardo in Kenneth Mosley’s address book and on the note left for Kenneth
Mosley, belonged to a pager registered to Defendant Lane. While at Defendant
Lane’s home, the police called the number and observed a pager come vibrating out
from under a chest of drawers. Defendant Lane admitted that the pager was his.
Sergeant Richardson also explained that he took statements from Defendant Hanna
and Andre Hamilton. Hamilton indicated that it was Hanna and Lane who entered
the Mosley home. He also indicated the purpose of going to the Mosley home was
to get money. After waiting in the car for a time, Hamilton and Derrick Coleman
approached the home. As they did so, they heard a gunshot. Hamilton then returned
back to the vehicle. Defendant Hanna’s statement indicated that Hanna was indeed
inside the Mosley home. According to Defendant Hanna, he was in a back room
when he heard a gunshot. Defendant Hanna admitted that they were all going to split
the money, but stated that he did not find any money.
Sergeant Richardson also retrieved live .380 caliber Winchester ammunition from
-3-
Defendant Hanna’s residence. During the course of an interview with Derrick
Coleman, Sergeant Richardson learned that a .380 handgun was missing from the
Coleman household. Coleman’s mother gave Sergeant Richardson ammunition from
the spare clip to the gun. Sergeant Richardson sent this ammunition to the Tennessee
Bureau of Investigation for testing against the bullet recovered from Kenneth
Mosley’s body and the spent shell recovered from the Mosley home. Defendant
Hanna admitted to having possessed a .380 handgun on the night of the shooting.
Sergeant Richardson also testified that a towel matching the description of the one
worn by one of the intruders was recovered from the vehicle driven by Andre
Hamilton on the night of the shooting.
Robert Royse, a forensic scientist with the TBI, testified concerning firearms
identification testing. Royse testified that the bullet recovered from Kenneth Mosley
was a .380 auto bullet[] and that the spent shell casing recovered from the Mosley
home was a .380 auto Winchester shell. Royse further testified that two live rounds
of ammunition also went to him for testing and that they were .380 auto Winchester.
Dr. Jerry Francisco testified that Kenneth Mosley died from a single gunshot wound
to the back which tore through his major organs and severed his aorta. Dr. Francisco
stated that he found no drugs or alcohol in Kenneth Mosley’s system. The distance
of the gunshot was greater than two feet from Kenneth Mosley’s body.
Defendant Hanna offered no proof at trial. Defendant Lane offered only the
testimony of Paul Dalhauser, a genetic testing expert. Dalhauser testified that he
attempted to perform DNA testing on the towel recovered from Andre Hamilton’s
vehicle. However, the towel did not contain enough DNA for analysis, so the test was
inconclusive.
State v. Redonna T. Hanna and Bernardo C. Lane, No. 02C01-9806-CR-00165, 1999 Tenn. Crim.
App. LEXIS 909, at **4, 7-13 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Jackson, Sept. 7, 1999).
In his petition for writ of error coram nobis, the petitioner alleged that he had received newly
discovered evidence that was not available at the time of his trial. Specifically, he argues that his
codefendant, Redonna Hanna, executed an affidavit on May 24, 2007, which stated that the petitioner
was not responsible for the wrongdoing identified in the judgments. The petitioner did not attach
an actual copy of the affidavit in his petition for relief but, rather, handwrote the language of the
affidavit. According to the petitioner, codefendant Hanna stated in the alleged affidavit that he
conspired with other codefendants to blame the petitioner for the murder.
The State responded to the petition and filed a motion to dismiss on July 29, 2008. The State
raised the affirmative defense that the petition was untimely and argued that the testimony of
codefendant Hanna was “neither the sole or primary reason that the petitioner was found guilty by
the jury in the case.”
-4-
The trial court denied the petition on October 22, 2008, finding that the petition was time-
barred because the statute of limitations had passed. However, the court analyzed whether due
process required a tolling of the statute. The court stated:
Even assuming that the new statement is true, this court is not reasonably satisfied
that the jury would have reached a different verdict had they been aware of the
statement. The jury had much more evidence sufficient to support the convictions,
such as Danyale Davis identifying [the] Petitioner, in a photo line-up and at trial, as
one of the perpetrators.
Thus, the court concluded that the petitioner had failed to meet his burden of establishing that the
newly discovered evidence, if presented, would have resulted in a different verdict.
Analysis
Trial courts may grant a criminal defendant a new trial following a judgment of conviction,
under limited circumstances, through the extraordinary remedy offered by a writ of error coram
nobis. T.C.A. § 40-26-105 (2006); State v. Mixon, 983 S.W.2d 661, 666 (Tenn. 1999). The writ
of error coram nobis is an “extraordinary procedural remedy,” filling only a “slight gap into which
few cases fall.” Mixon, 983 S.W.2d at 672. A writ of error coram nobis may be granted where the
defendant establishes the existence of newly-discovered evidence relating to matters litigated at trial
if the defendant shows he was without fault in failing to present the evidence at the proper time and
if the judge determines the evidence may have resulted in a different judgment had it been presented
to the jury. T.C.A. § 40-26-105; Mixon, 983 S.W.2d at 668. A petition for writ of error coram
nobis must relate: (1) the grounds and the nature of the newly discovered evidence; (2) why the
admissibility of the newly-discovered evidence may have resulted in a different judgment had the
evidence been admitted at the previous trial; (3) that the petitioner was without fault in failing to
present the newly-discovered evidence at the appropriate time; and (4) the relief sought by the
petitioner. Freshwater v. State, 160 S.W.3d 548, 553 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2004). The Tennessee
Supreme Court has recently held that for a petition for a writ of error coram nobis to be successful,
“the standard to be applied is whether the new evidence, if presented to the jury, may have resulted
in a different outcome. . . .” State v. Vasques, 221 S.W.3d 514, 526 (Tenn. 2007).
It has been determined that, for purposes of coram nobis relief, a judgment becomes final
thirty days after the entry of the judgment in the trial court, if no post-trial motion is filed or upon
entry of an order disposing of a timely filed post-trial motion. Freshwater, 160 S.W.3d at 553. The
one-year statute of limitations applicable to the writ of error coram nobis is an affirmative defense
which must be specifically pled by the State, or it is deemed waived. Harris v. State, 102 S.W.3d
587, 593 (Tenn. 2003); Newsome v. State, 995 S.W.2d 129, 133 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998). The trial
court, however, may consider an untimely petition if applying the statute of limitations would deny
the petitioner due process. Workman v. State, 41 S.W.3d 100, 103 (Tenn. 2001); Burford v. State,
845 S.W.2d 204, 209-10 (Tenn. 1992).
-5-
To determine if due process requires tolling of the statute of limitations, a court must weigh
the petitioner’s interest in having an opportunity to present his claims in a meaningful time and
manner against the State’s interest in preventing the litigation of stale and fraudulent claims.
Burford, 845 S.W.2d at 208. More specifically, a court should utilize the following analysis: (1)
determine when the limitations period would normally have begun to run; (2) determine whether the
grounds for relief actually arose after the limitations period would have normally commenced; and
(3) if the grounds are later-arising, determine if, under the facts of the case, a strict application of the
limitations period would effectively deny the petitioner a reasonable opportunity to present the claim.
Sands v. State, 903 S.W.2d 297, 301 (Tenn. 1995).
Here, the petitioner acknowledged that his petition was untimely but argues that due process
should toll the statute of limitations. The petitioner specifically points to the opinion in Workman,
in which the Tennessee Supreme Court permitted the petitioner to proceed with an untimely coram
nobis petition. However, we conclude that, in the instant case, the trial court properly found that the
petition was untimely and that due process did not require a tolling of the statute of limitations. The
petitioner’s judgment became final on June 4, 1998. The purported affidavit of the codefendant was
allegedly executed on May 24, 2007. The petitioner did not file his petition for writ of coram nobis
until May 22, 2008. The petitioner does not explain his almost one-year delay other than to state that
it is comparable to other Tennessee cases where the statute of limitations was tolled.
In the present case, the one-year statute of limitations period expired in 1999, so we concur
that the petition was clearly not timely. Thus, the claim for a writ of error coram nobis is barred
unless the petitioner was not afforded a reasonable opportunity to present the claim before the
limitations period ran. After careful review, we also agree that the trial court properly concluded that
due process did not require a tolling of the statute of limitations because the petitioner failed to set
forth a cognizable claim for coram nobis relief. The trial court found that the codefendant’s
statement to police was not the primary factor behind his convictions, and, therefore, the new alleged
affidavit would not have been likely to prevent his convictions. According to the trial court, the jury
that convicted the petitioner had “much more evidence sufficient to support the convictions, such
as Danyale Davis identifying [the] Petitioner, in a photo line-up and at trial, as one of the
perpetrators.”
The petitioner also argues that the trial court erred when it failed to grant an evidentiary
hearing. However, this court has previously held that coram nobis evidentiary hearings are not
mandated by statute in every case. State v. Johnny L. McGowan, No. M2007-02681-CCA-R3-CO,
2008 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 675, at *7 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Aug. 5, 2008) (quoting
Richard Hale Austin v. State, No. W2005-02591-CCA-R3-CO, 2006 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 970,
at **14-15 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Jackson, Dec. 13, 2006). A petition for coram nobis may be
dismissed without a hearing and without the appointment of counsel for a hearing if the petition does
not allege facts showing that the petitioner was entitled to relief. Id. (quoting State ex rel.
Edmondson v. Henderson, 421 S.W.2d 635, 636 (Tenn. 1967)).
-6-
Conclusion
Based on the foregoing and the record as a whole, we conclude that the trial court did not
abuse its discretion in denying the petition for writ of error coram nobis. The new evidence, in the
form of an affidavit by a codefendant which purported to exonerate the petitioner, would not have
been likely to result in a different outcome at trial if presented to the jury.
___________________________________
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, JUDGE
-7-