State v. Danielle Walker ( 2000 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs December 13, 2000
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. DANIELLE L. WALKER
Appeal as of Right from the Circuit Court for Blount County
No. C-11938 D. Kelly Thomas, Jr., Judge
No. E2000-00578-CCA-R3-CD
March 29, 2001
The appellant, Danielle L. Walker, pled guilty in the Blount County Circuit Court to one count of
theft of property over $1000, a class D felony. The trial court sentenced the appellant as a standard
Range I offender to two years incarceration in the Tennessee Department of Correction. The trial
court ordered the appellant to serve twenty days of her sentence in periodic confinement and to serve
the balance of her sentence on supervised probation. The trial court also ordered the appellant to
make restitution to the victim in the amount of $2,928.56. On appeal, the appellant raises the
following issues for our review: (1) whether the trial court erred by refusing to grant the appellant
judicial diversion; and (2) whether the trial court erred by refusing to grant the appellant full
probation. Upon review of the record and the parties’ briefs, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court is Affirmed.
NORMA MCGEE OGLE , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID G. HAYES and JAMES
CURWOOD WITT, JR., JJ., joined.
Mack Garner, Maryville, Tennessee, and Julie A. Rice, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the appellant,
Danielle L.Walker.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter, Clinton J. Morgan, Counsel for the State, Mike
Flynn, District Attorney General, Kirk Andrews and Edward P. Bailey, Jr., Assistant District
Attorneys General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Factual Background
In March 1999, the appellant, Danielle L. Walker, began working as a sales clerk for
Sears department store at Foothills Mall in Maryville. Beginning on July 9, 1999, and continuing
through July 31, 1999, the appellant took money from Sears by entering fraudulent returns of
merchandise into the computer and then taking the cash refund for her personal use. In a series of
twenty-nine separate transactions, the appellant took a total of $3,328.56. The appellant stopped
taking money on July 31 after being caught in the act by Asset Protection Manager Ronald Browning
and Security Officer Peggy Patterson.
When confronted by Browning and Patterson, the appellant was contrite, and she
immediately returned the $400 that Browning and Patterson saw her take from the register. She
confessed to the thefts and assisted Browning in determining which computer transactions were
fraudulent. The appellant revealed to Browning that she committed the thefts by entering a
fabricated driver’s license number into the computer, noting a return of merchandise, and then taking
the cash from the transaction for her own use.
The appellant pled guilty in the Blount County Circuit Court to one count of theft of
property over $1000, a class D felony. At the sentencing hearing, the appellant confessed that she
had not taken the money from Sears in order to pay for necessities. Instead, the appellant used the
money to “live way out of [her] means.” The appellant stated that she used the money to buy
clothes, eat out at restaurants, pay bills, and for other nonessential items. Additionally, the appellant
admitted that, at age sixteen, she had been arrested for shoplifting at Proffitt’s department store. The
appellant expressed remorse for her crime and expressed a desire to make restitution to Sears. She
stated that her husband had obtained a $2,500 loan from a credit union, and they would immediately
pay that money to Sears.1 The appellant also asserted that she would continue to pay restitution until
the balance is paid. The appellant testified that she is currently employed at Applebee’s restaurant
and plans to attend Pellissippi State Community College to become an x-ray technician. She has
confessed her crimes to her church and sought forgiveness from her peers.
In sentencing the appellant, the trial court noted that the appellant had a previous
shoplifting conviction, for which she received probation and that the present offense resulted from
the appellant’s actions on twenty-nine separate occasions. At the conclusion of the sentencing
hearing, the trial court sentenced the nineteen-year-old appellant as a standard Range I offender to
two years incarceration in the Tennessee Department of Correction. The trial court ordered the
appellant to serve twenty days of her sentence in periodic confinement with the balance to be served
on supervised probation. The trial court also ordered the appellant to make restitution to Sears in
the amount of $2,928.56. On appeal, the appellant raises the following issues for our review: (1)
whether the trial court erred by refusing to grant the appellant judicial diversion; and (2) whether the
trial court erred by refusing to grant the appellant full probation.
II. Analysis
A. Judicial Diversion
The appellant claims that the trial court erred by denying her judicial diversion. With
respect to judicial diversion, Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-313(a)(1) (1997) provides:
If any person who has not previously been convicted of a felony or a
Class A misdemeanor is found guilty or pleads guilty to . . . a Class
1
The record re flects that the appellant did in fact tender a cashier’s check for $ 2500 to Sea rs.
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C, D or E felony, the court may, without entering a judgment of guilty
and with the consent of such person, defer further proceedings and
place the person on probation upon such reasonable conditions as it
may require, and for a period of time . . . not more than the period of
the maximum sentence of the felony with which [she] is charged.
As we have previously noted, “judicial diversion is similar in purpose to pretrial diversion and is
to be imposed within the discretion of the trial court subject only to the same constraints applicable
to prosecutors in applying pretrial diversion under [Tenn. Code Ann. §] 40-15-105.” State v.
Anderson, 857 S.W.2d 571, 572 (Tenn. Crim. App.1992). However, unlike pretrial diversion,
judicial diversion follows a determination of guilt and rests in the discretion of the trial court, not
the prosecutor. State v. Charles Chesteen, No. E1999-00910-CCA-R3-CD, 2000 WL 739458, at
*13 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Knoxville, June 8, 2000).
The appellant’s challenge to the trial court’s failure to grant judicial diversion is
subject to a different standard of review than a challenge to the sentence imposed. In reviewing the
issue of judicial diversion, this court will overturn the trial court’s determination only if the trial
court has abused its discretion. State v. Bonestel, 871 S.W.2d 163, 167 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1993),
overruled on other grounds by State v. Hooper, 29 S.W.3d 1, 9 (Tenn. 2000). In other words, we
will uphold the trial court’s decision if “‘any substantial evidence to support the refusal’ [to grant
judicial diversion] exists in the record.” Id. (citing State v. Hammersley, 650 S.W.2d 352, 356
(Tenn. 1983)). Moreover, “[t]he same guidelines are applicable in diversion cases as are applicable
in probation cases, but they are more stringently applied to those seeking diversion.” State v.
Bingham, 910 S.W.2d 448, 456 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995), overruled on other grounds by State v.
Hooper, 29 S.W.3d 1, 9 (Tenn. 2000).
The trial court must consider all of the following factors in determining whether to
grant the appellant judicial diversion:
(a) the accused’s amenability to correction, (b) the circumstances of
the offense, (c) the accused’s criminal record, (d) the accused’s social
history, (e) the status of the accused’s physical and mental health, and
(f) the deterrence value to the accused as well as others. The trial
court should also consider whether judicial diversion will serve the
ends of justice – the interests of the public as well as the accused.
State v. Lewis, 978 S.W.2d 558, 566 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997) (citation omitted). The trial court
may also consider the appellant’s “attitude, [her] behavior since arrest, [her] home environment,
current drug usage, emotional stability, past employment, general reputation, family responsibilities,
[as well as] the attitude of law enforcement.” Id. Furthermore, the record must reflect that the trial
court has taken all of the preceding factors into consideration. State v. Electroplating, Inc., 990
S.W.2d 211, 229 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998). Additionally, “[t]he court must explain on the record
why the [appellant] does not qualify under its analysis, and if the court has based its determination
on only some of the factors, it must explain why these factors outweigh the others.” Id.
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In the present case, the trial court did not specifically address judicial diversion but
instead blended his analysis on judicial diversion with a discussion on the denial of probation.
Regardless of this error, there is nonetheless sufficient evidence in the record to support the trial
court’s denial of judicial diversion. See Chesteen, No. E1999-00910-CCA-R3-CD, 2000 WL
739458, at *14.
The trial court appears to have denied the appellant judicial diversion because the
appellant had been convicted as a juvenile of shoplifting, for which she received probation, and also
because the appellant committed theft on twenty-nine separate occasions within a period of one
month. The trial court noted that the large number of offenses weighed heavily against the granting
of either judicial diversion or probation. The trial court stated that the appellant’s honesty was
appreciated, and her cooperation with Sears indicated that the appellant had good potential for
rehabilitation. However, the trial court felt that the appellant needed to understand that there were
consequences to her actions.
We agree with the trial court that the appellant’s cooperation and forthrightness with
the court and with Sears are commendable. However, we also agree that the trial court correctly
denied the appellant judicial diversion. We find the following language concerning the denial of
pre-trial diversion to be persuasive:
[T]he nature and circumstances of the offense may, standing alone,
constitute an appropriate basis for denial. These crimes were
committed in separate acts over a period of several [weeks]. This
indicates a sustained intent on the part of the [appellant] to violate the
law.
State v. George Cavalaris, No. 1284, 1990 WL 26779, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Knoxville, March
15, 1990); see also Chesteen, No. E1999-00910-CCA-R3-CD, 2000 WL 739458, at *14; State v.
David E. Smith, Jr., No. 01C01-9805-CR-00224, 1999 WL 373731, at *4 (Tenn. Crim. App. at
Nashville, June 9, 1999). We agree with the trial court that the repetitious nature of the appellant’s
crimes, indicating her sustained intent to violate the law, weighs against the grant of judicial
diversion.
Additionally, we note that the appellant abused a position of private trust by stealing
from her employer. See State v. Grissom, 956 S.W.2d 514, 518 n.5 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997); see
also State v. Kavious L. Newsom, No. 02C01-9806-CR-00166, 1999 WL 588155, at *5 (Tenn. Crim.
App. at Jackson, August 6, 1999), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. 2000). Accordingly, “other
potential employers had a clear interest in knowing that [the] Appellant had been convicted of this
offense.” State v. Patricia Bohnenstiehl, No. 03C01-9801-CC-00035, 1999 WL 39501, at *2 (Tenn.
Crim. App. at Knoxville, January 28, 1999). Thus, the interests of the public are better served by
denying the appellant judicial diversion. As a result, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse
its discretion in refusing to grant the appellant judicial diversion.
B. Full Probation
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This court reviews challenges to the manner of service of a sentence de novo. Tenn.
Code Ann. § 40-35-401(d) (1997). Moreover, if the record reflects that the trial court properly
considered the sentencing principles and the facts and circumstances surrounding the offense, we
will accord the trial court’s findings a presumption of correctness. Id.; State v. Ashby, 823 S.W.2d
166, 169 (Tenn. 1991). Initially, we note that, because there is no affirmative showing in the record
that the trial court considered the sentencing principles, we will not accord the trial court’s findings
a presumption of correctness. Regardless, the appellant bears the burden of demonstrating to this
court why the sentence imposed by the trial court is improper. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401,
Sentencing Commission Comments.
This court will consider the following factors in conducting its de novo review: (1)
the evidence, if any, received at the trial and the sentencing hearing; (2) the pre-sentence report; (3)
the principles of sentencing and arguments as to sentencing alternatives; (4) the nature and
characteristics of the criminal conduct involved; (5) evidence and information offered by the parties
on enhancement and mitigating factors; (6) any statement by the appellant in her own behalf; and
(7) the potential for rehabilitation or treatment. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-102,-103,-210 (1997). See
also Ashby, 823 S.W.2d at 168.
Because the appellant is a Range I standard offender convicted of a class D felony,
she is presumed to be a favorable candidate for alternative sentencing.. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-
102(5)-(6)(1997). The State failed to rebut this presumption at the sentencing hearing. See Grissom,
956 S.W.2d at 519. Accordingly, we note that the trial court correctly found that the appellant was
deserving of an alternative sentence of periodic confinement coupled with probation.
However, because of the differing burdens of proof, the determination whether the
appellant is entitled to alternative sentencing requires a different analysis from the determination
whether the appellant is entitled to full probation. Bingham, 910 S.W.2d at 455. Generally, once
an appellant is entitled to a statutory presumption of alternative sentencing, the State bears the
burden of overcoming that presumption. Id. However, when an appellant seeks full probation, she
bears the burden of establishing her suitability for full probation, even if she is entitled to the
statutory presumption of alternative sentencing. Id. The appellant must establish that granting her
full probation will ‘subserve the ends of justice and the best interest of both the public and the
[appellant].’ State v. Dykes, 803 S.W.2d 250, 259 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990), overruled on other
grounds by State v. Hooper, 29 S.W.3d 1, 9 (Tenn. 2000).
Again, the trial court did not differentiate between his reasoning for the denial of
judicial diversion and the denial of full probation. To recount, the trial court found that the appellant
committed the offense of theft twenty-nine times “demonstrat[ing] a sustained intent to violate the
law, [a] valid reason for denying [full] probation.” State v. Shelly S. Perry, No. 02C01-9707-CR-
00285, 1998 WL 422264, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Jackson, July 28, 1998); see also State v. David
Lewis, No. 02C01-9512-CR-00363, 1997 WL 414934, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Jackson, July 25,
1997). Additionally, the trial court stated that some incarceration was needed to avoid depreciating
the seriousness of the appellant’s offense of stealing money from her employer over a period of time
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while the appellant occupied a position of trust. See State v. Glen Justes, No.03C01-9610-CR-
00368, 1997 WL 600067, at *3 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Knoxville, September 30, 1997). Furthermore,
we note that the appellant had previously been found guilty of shoplifting and had received probation
for that offense; yet, the appellant was not rehabilitated at the time of the instant offenses. See State
v. M. Steven Lilly, No. 03C01-9505-CR-00143, 1996 WL 87441, at *4 (Tenn. Crim. App. at
Knoxville, March 1, 1996). Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err in ordering the
appellant to serve her sentence in periodic confinement coupled with probation instead of granting
the appellant full probation.
III. Conclusion
Based upon the foregoing, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
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NORMA McGEE OGLE, JUDGE
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