State of Tennessee v. Charles M. Thomas ( 2002 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
December 11, 2001 Session
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. CHARLES M. THOMAS
Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Davidson County
No. 99-A-194 Steve R. Dozier, Judge
No. M2000-02576-CCA-R3-CD - Filed January 23, 2002
The defendant, Charles M. Thomas, appeals his conviction for possession of greater than .5 grams
of cocaine with the intent to sell and the trial court’s order requiring his resulting ten-year sentence
to be served consecutively to prior sentences. This case presents three issues for our determination:
(1) whether evidence against the defendant was the fruit of an illegal detention and search; (2)
whether the evidence was sufficient to support the defendant’s conviction; and (3) whether the trial
court erred by ordering the defendant’s sentence to be served consecutively to his prior sentences.
For the reasons set forth below, we conclude there is no reversible error; therefore, we affirm the
judgment of the trial court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed
JOE G. RILEY, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JAMES CURWOOD WITT, JR. and JOHN
EVERETT WILLIAMS, JJ., joined.
V. Michael Fox, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Charles M. Thomas.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Angele M. Gregory, Assistant Attorney General;
Victor S. Johnson, III, District Attorney General; and Derrick L. Scretchen, Assistant District
Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
On September 24, 1998, Officer Brian Elsten was assisting other police officers who were
conducting undercover drug operations. It was Officer Elsten’s responsibility to chase any suspect
who fled. The defendant was sitting on the porch of his grandmother’s house when a suspect fleeing
from Officer Elsten ran within eight feet of where the defendant was seated.
After the suspect was apprehended, Officer Elsten retraced the suspect’s steps in an effort
to locate any contraband the suspect may have discarded during the chase. Elsten testified fleeing
suspects often throw contraband, which is picked up and hidden by other persons in an effort to
protect the suspects. Elsten approached the defendant and asked him if he had any drugs. When the
defendant denied having drugs, Elsten asked if he could search the defendant. The defendant
acceded to this request, and Elsten found a baggie containing ten rocks of cocaine weighing 1.1
grams in the defendant’s sock. The defendant also had $151 cash in his pocket and a beeper in his
waistband. Elsten testified the defendant indicated after his arrest that he was not employed.
Following a bench trial, the trial court convicted the defendant of possession of cocaine with
intent to sell. The defendant was sentenced to ten years in the Department of Correction with the
sentence to be served consecutively to prior sentences.
SUPPRESSION OF EVIDENCE
The defendant maintains the evidence found in his sock should have been suppressed,
arguing Officer Elsten lacked reasonable suspicion to detain him and his resulting consent to a search
was involuntary. No motion to suppress is included in the record. The defendant posed no objection
to the evidence during trial. The record does not contain any pre-trial proceedings or argument by
defense counsel contesting the search. The only reference in the record to a motion to suppress was
made by the trial judge just prior to announcing his verdict. The trial judge stated that three motions
to suppress had been filed earlier, but defense counsel had not pursued them. Nevertheless, the trial
judge indicated the motion to suppress would have been overruled based upon the evidence
presented during trial.
We conclude the defendant failed to pursue a motion to suppress prior to trial as required by
Tenn. R. Crim. P. 12(b)(3), thereby waiving this issue. State v. Aucoin, 756 S.W.2d 705, 709 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1988). In fact, nowhere in the record does the defendant challenge this evidence.
Furthermore, he failed to include a motion to suppress in the record. It is the duty of the accused to
provide a record which conveys a fair, accurate and complete account of what transpired with regard
to the issues which form the basis of the appeal. Tenn. R. App. P. 24(b); State v. Taylor, 992 S.W.2d
941, 944 (Tenn. 1999). Therefore, this issue is waived.
SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
The defendant further argues the state failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he
possessed cocaine with the intent to sell it, as required by Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-417(a)(4). We
disagree.
Where sufficiency of the evidence is challenged, the relevant question for an appellate court
is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier
of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Tenn. R.
App. P. 13(e); Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560(1979); State v. Abrams, 935 S.W.2d 399, 401 (Tenn. 1996). The weight and credibility of the
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witnesses' testimony are matters entrusted exclusively to the trier of fact. State v. Sheffield, 676
S.W.2d 542, 547 (Tenn. 1984); State v. Brewer, 932 S.W.2d 1, 19 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996).
The trier of fact may infer from the amount of cocaine, along with relevant facts surrounding
the arrest, that the cocaine was possessed for the purpose of selling it. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-
419. Officer Elsten testified he found ten rocks of cocaine, valued between $200 and $400, in a
single baggie in the defendant’s sock. He stated the drugs were divided into rocks worth $10, $20
or $40, which indicated they were for resale. The defendant also carried $151 in cash and a beeper.
The defendant’s responses to Officer Elsten’s questions indicated the defendant was not employed.
Officer Elsten testified the defendant was not carrying any drug paraphernalia associated with the
use of crack cocaine, such as a crack pipe, rolling papers, lighters, or matches. He testified the
defendant did not behave as if he had been using cocaine; did not exhibit the typical signs of having
smoked crack cocaine; nor did he smell as if he had been smoking crack cocaine. Elsten stated he
had never observed a crack cocaine user, or junkie, who carried more than one or two cocaine rocks.
He explained a junkie usually smokes crack as soon as he or she obtains it. He further said junkies
seldom carry large amounts of cash. For all of these reasons, we conclude there was sufficient proof
for the trial judge, as the trier of fact, to infer that the defendant possessed the cocaine with the intent
to sell it rather than use it. This issue is without merit.
CONSECUTIVE SENTENCING
The defendant further argues the trial court erred in ordering his ten-year sentence to be
served consecutively to his prior sentences. We disagree.
Specific findings that an extended sentence is necessary to protect society and is reasonably
related to the severity of the offenses are prerequisites to consecutive sentencing under the
“dangerous offender” category in Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(4). State v. Wilkerson, 905
S.W.2d 933, 939 (Tenn. 1995). However, such specific factual findings are not required for the other
categories of Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b). State v. Lane, 3 S.W.3d 456, 461 (Tenn. 1999).
Nevertheless, the general principles of sentencing require that the length of sentence be “justly
deserved in relation to the seriousness of the offense” and “be no greater than that deserved for the
offense committed.” Id. at 460 (citing Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 40-35-102(1) and 103(2)).
At the time of the offense, the defendant was serving seven years on community corrections
for three felony drug offenses. The 24-year-old defendant testified he had sold drugs since he
dropped out of high school at the age of fifteen. According to the defendant, he was adjudicated as
a juvenile for an attempted burglary and as an accessory to a shooting. His adult criminal record
includes the three prior felony drug convictions, an additional felony conviction for the sale of drugs,
six misdemeanors, and nine traffic offenses. The presentence report indicated the defendant’s
employment history was sparse. He was employed for approximately four months prior to his arrest
and held only two previous jobs for short periods of time.
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The trial court found the defendant was a professional criminal and had an extensive record
of criminal activity. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(1), (2). It also found the present offense
was committed while the defendant was on community corrections, thereby justifying consecutive
sentencing. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(6).
Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-115(b)(6) allows the court to impose consecutive
sentences where a defendant is on probation at the time a subsequent offense is committed.
However, our state supreme court has held this factor cannot be used to order consecutive sentencing
where a defendant was serving a sentence on community corrections because community corrections
is not the equivalent of probation. State v. Pettus, 986 S.W.2d 540, 544-545 (Tenn. 1999).
Therefore, the trial court erred in applying Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(6).
However, the trial court properly found other consecutive sentencing factors were applicable.
The proof at sentencing established the defendant had four prior felonies, numerous misdemeanor
convictions, and two juvenile adjudications. This history of prior criminal convictions and activities
supports the trial court’s finding that the defendant had an extensive history of criminal acts and its
application of Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(2). See State v. Palmer, 10 S.W.3d 638, 648-49
(Tenn. Crim. App. 1999). Further, the proof established the defendant’s work history was meager,
and he sold drugs since he dropped out of high school as a teenager, which supports the trial court’s
finding that the defendant was a professional criminal under Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(1).
We also conclude the aggregate sentence was justly deserved in relation to the seriousness of the
offenses and was not greater than that deserved. See Lane, 3 S.W.3d at 460. Thus, we decline to
disturb the order for consecutive sentencing.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
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JOE G. RILEY, JUDGE
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