Charles Orlando Fields v. Henry Steward, Warden ( 2009 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
CHARLES ORLANDO FIELDS v. HENRY STEWARD, WARDEN
Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lauderdale County
No. 6258 Joseph H. Walker, III, Judge
No. W2008-02509-CCA-R3-HC - Filed April 23, 2009
The petitioner, Charles Orlando Fields, appeals the summary dismissal of his petition for habeas
corpus relief by the Lauderdale County Circuit Court. In his appeal, he contends that the indictment
was void because: (1) it did not include all the essential elements for the offense for which he was
convicted; (2) his sentencing range was illegal; and (3) the trial court did not have subject matter
jurisdiction to sentence him. After careful review, we conclude the petitioner has not established
that he is entitled to habeas corpus relief. The judgment of the habeas corpus court is affirmed in
accordance with Rule 20 of the Rules of the Court of Criminal Appeals.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed Pursuant
to Rule 20, Court of Criminal Appeals
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ALAN E. GLENN and J.C.
MCLIN , JJ., joined.
Charles Orlando Fields, Henning, Tennessee, Pro Se.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; and Sophia S. Lee, Assistant Attorney
General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The pro se petitioner appeals from the habeas corpus court’s summary dismissal of his
petition for habeas corpus relief. The State has filed a motion requesting that this court affirm the
order pursuant to Rule 20 of the Rules of the Court of Criminal Appeals.
The petitioner was convicted of one count of selling 0.5 grams or more of cocaine within
1000 feet of a school and one count of distributing 0.5 grams or more of cocaine within 1000 feet
of a school, both Class A felonies. The trial court merged both convictions and sentenced the
petitioner as a multiple offender to thirty-three years in confinement. This court affirmed the
petitioner’s convictions on direct appeal. State v. Charles Orlando Fields, No. W2001-00124-CCA-
R3-CD, 2002 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 20, at *22 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Jackson, Jan 2, 2002). On
September 3, 2008, the petitioner filed a writ of habeas corpus relief in Lauderdale County Circuit
Court. On September 18, 2008, the habeas court summarily dismissed the petition. On September
29, 2008, the petitioner filed a timely notice of appeal.
The petitioner raised seventeen issues in his initial petition but has limited his appeal to the
following three issues: (1) the indictments were void because they failed to include the elements of
Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-17-432, the Drug-Free School Zone Act, and mention the
name of the school; (2) the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to convict and sentence him
in that the capias warrant did not charge him with violating the Drug-Free School Zone Act; and (3)
the trial court erred in sentencing him as a multiple offender. The State contends that the habeas
court properly dismissed the petition because the petitioner failed to raise an appropriate claim for
habeas corpus relief.
In Tennessee, “[a]ny person imprisoned or restrained of his liberty, under any pretense
whatsoever . . . may prosecute a writ of habeas corpus to inquire into the cause of such
imprisonment.” T.C.A. § 29-21-101. It is well established that the remedy of habeas corpus is
limited in scope and relief. See Potts v. State, 833 S.W.2d 60, 62 (Tenn. 1992). Habeas corpus relief
is available in Tennessee only when it appears upon the face of the judgment or the record of the
proceedings upon which the judgment is rendered that a convicting court was without jurisdiction
or authority to sentence a defendant or that a defendant’s sentence of imprisonment or other restraint
has expired. Archer v. State, 851 S.W.2d 157, 164 (Tenn. 1993). The purpose of the habeas corpus
petition is to challenge judgments that are void and not simply voidable. See Archer, 851 S.W.2d
at 164; Taylor v. State, 995 S.W.2d 78, 83 (Tenn. 1999). A void judgment is one in which the
judgment is facially invalid because the court did not have the statutory authority to render such a
judgment. A voidable judgment is one which is facially valid and requires proof beyond the face
of the record or judgment to demonstrate its voidableness. See Archer, 851 S.W.2d at 161; see also
Dykes v. Compton, 978 S.W.2d 528, 529 (Tenn. 1998).
The petitioner has the burden of establishing that a judgment is void or a term of
imprisonment has expired by a preponderance of the evidence. See State v. Davenport, 980 S.W.2d
407, 409 (Tenn. 1998). Whether habeas corpus relief should be granted is a question of law;
therefore, review is de novo with no presumption of correctness. See Hart v. State, 21 S.W.3d 901,
903 (Tenn. 2000). A habeas court is not required, as a matter of law, to grant the writ or conduct an
inquiry into the allegations contained in the petition. See T.C.A. § 29-21-109. If the petition fails
on its face to state a cognizable claim, it may be summarily dismissed by the habeas court without
an evidentiary hearing and without the appointment of counsel. See Hickman v. State, 153 S.W.3d
16, 20 (Tenn. 2004); State ex. rel Byrd v. Bomar, 381 S.W.2d 280, 283 (Tenn. 1964); T.C.A. § 29-
21-109. “If from the showing of the petitioner, the plaintiff would not be entitled to any relief, the
writ may be refused.” T.C.A. § 29-21-109.
In his first issue, the petitioner argues that the indictment was void for failing to mention the
name of the school. He specifically argues that the name of the school was an essential element of
the offense and that it should have been mentioned in the indictment. The State contends that the
authority cited by the petitioner does not support his argument. The case cited by the petitioner,
State v. Marshall, 870 S.W.2d 532, 537 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1993), is a drug case, but it is not a Drug-
Free School Zone Act case. The sufficiency of the indictment in that case is unrelated to the
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underlying indictment in the instant case. The language of an indictment satisfies Tennessee Code
Annotated section 40-13-202 if it provides adequate notice to both the petitioner and the trial court
of the offense alleged. Here, the indictment charged the petitioner with selling and delivering over
0.5 grams of cocaine within 1000 feet of a school. The indictment was sufficient to place the
petitioner on notice of the charged offenses. Therefore, he is not entitled to relief on this claim.
Next, the petitioner contends that the trial court did not have subject matter jurisdiction to
sentence him under the Drug-Free School Zone Act because the capias failed to charge him with a
school zone offense. The State contends that a capias does not confer jurisdiction on a trial court.
Jurisdiction is created by the constitution and statutes. Osborn v. Marr, 127 S.W.3d 737, 739 (Tenn.
2004); Kane v. Kane, 547 S.W.2d 559, 560 (Tenn. 1977). Jurisdiction is conferred on the trial court
by the sovereign authority that organizes the courts. See Landers v. Jones, 872 S.W.2d 674, 675
(Tenn. 1994). Because the underlying indictment met constitutional and statutory requirements, the
trial court was properly vested with jurisdiction.
Next, the petitioner argues that the trial court sentenced him illegally in the wrong range. He
contends that he should have been sentenced as a Range I, standard offender rather than a Range II,
multiple offender. Any error in classifying the petitioner as a multiple offender for purposes of
sentencing would render the resulting judgments voidable, not void; therefore, it is not an
appropriate ground for habeas corpus relief. Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-401(a)
provides, in part, that “[t]here is no appellate review of the sentence in a post-conviction or habeas
corpus proceeding.” See also Jasper Lee Vick v. State, No. W2006-02172-CCA-R3-HC, 2008 Tenn.
Crim. App. LEXIS 10, at *7 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Jackson, Jan. 8, 2008). The petitioner’s sentence
has not expired, and there is nothing on the face of the judgments to indicate that the trial court was
without jurisdiction to convict and sentence him.
Upon due consideration of the pleadings, the record, and the applicable law, the court
concludes that the petitioner has not established that he is entitled to habeas corpus relief.
Accordingly, the State’s motion is granted. The judgment of the habeas corpus court is affirmed in
accordance with Rule 20, Court of Criminal Appeals.
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JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, JUDGE
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