State of Tennessee v. James Howard Theus, III ( 2021 )

01/08/2021
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs November 10, 2020
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. JAMES HOWARD THEUS, III
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County
No. 19-496 Donald H. Allen, Judge
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No. W2020-00160-CCA-R3-CD
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James Howard Theus, III, Defendant, was indicted for four counts of violating the sex
offender registry. He pled guilty to the charges as stated in the indictment with an agreed
upon sentence of three years with the manner of service of the sentence to be determined
by the trial court after a sentencing hearing. The trial court denied alternative sentencing,
ordering Defendant to serve his sentence in incarceration. Defendant appeals, arguing
that the trial court abused its discretion. After a review, we determine that the trial court
did not abuse its discretion.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
TIMOTHY L. EASTER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN EVERETT
WILLIAMS, P.J. and NORMA MCGEE OGLE, J., joined.
George Morton Googe, District Public Defender; Greg Gookin, Assistant Public
Defender, for the appellant, James Howard Theus, III.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Ronald L. Coleman, Assistant
Attorney General; Jody S. Pickens, District Attorney General; and Matthew Floyd,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
Defendant was indicted by the Madison County Grand Jury in June of 2019 in
Counts 1 and 2 for violating the sex offender registry. The indictment also charged
Defendant in Counts 3 and 4 with violating the sex offender registry after previously
having been convicted of the same offense. Defendant entered into a negotiated plea
agreement with the State. The plea agreement specified that Defendant would enter a
guilty plea to the offenses as stated in the indictment in exchange for a three-year
sentence. The trial court was to determine the manner of service of the sentence after a
sentencing hearing.
At the guilty plea hearing, counsel for the State noted that, if the case had gone to
trial, the proof would have shown:
[Defendant] is required to report to the sex offender registry due to a
conviction for facilitating rape of a child in Docket No. 00-905 out of
Madison County, Tennessee. Your Honor, on December the 10th, 2018,
[Defendant] reported to Investigator Mark Headen who oversees the sex
offender registry with Jackson Police Department. At that time, Your
Honor, he reported that his address for his primary residence was 390 Berry
Street. He did sign a form acknowledging that that was his primary
residence. On February the 27th of 2019, Your Honor, Jackson Police
Department conducted a compliance check with over 100 different sex
offenders who are registered with the Jackson Police Department. One of
those was [Defendant]. Officer Washburn and Lieutenant Harris went to
390 Berry Street to determine if [Defendant] was in compliance. When
they arrived at that address they made contact with a Rose Parrish who is
here today in the courtroom. They spoke with Ms. Parrish. Ms. Parrish
informed them that she has lived there for several years and that
[Defendant] has never resided at that residence. I believe her exact words
in her statement were “He has never crossed my front porch.” She does
know [Defendant], [Defendant’s] father is friends with Ms. Parrish. He sits
with her I think and brings her food and drives her around places. So, she
is familiar with [Defendant], but she stated that he did not live there and has
never lived there. So, Your Honor, the fact that he reported his primary
residence as 390 Berry Street but according to Ms. Parrish he’s never
resided there that is the basis for the falsifying information on a TBI
registration form. Your Honor, again because he’s never lived at 390 Berry
Street, he did not report within 48 hours of establishing a change in primary
or secondary residence. He’s never updated that. Your Honor, he did this
while having a prior conviction for violation of sex offender registry in
Docket No. 11-77 out of Madison County, Tennessee. That conviction was
on September 12th, 2011.
Defendant agreed that the State’s recitation of the facts was “substantially
correct.” The trial court accepted the guilty plea.
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At a sentencing hearing, the State introduced the presentence report, which listed
19 prior convictions, including two felony convictions and several convictions for
possession of marijuana. The State pointed out Defendant’s prior conviction for violating
the sex offender registry after residing with a minor in violation of the registry. The
presentence report also detailed Defendant’s extensive and long-standing marijuana use
of at least one time per month from the age of 21 to the age of 48. Defendant claimed
that he stopped using marijuana at the age of 49 because “it kept getting him into legal
trouble.” Defendant offered to undergo drug testing if he was placed on probation.
Defendant acknowledged that he was on probation for another offense at the time
he committed the offenses for which he pled guilty. Defendant admitted that he did not
live at the Berry Street address but that he had the option to stay there and received mail
at that location. Defendant explained that he was educated, with two college degrees.
The trial court stated that it considered the evidence received at the time of the
guilty plea, the pre-sentence report, the principles of sentencing and the arguments about
alternative sentencing, the nature and characteristics of the criminal conduct involved,
applicable enhancement and mitigating factors, and Defendant’s potential for
rehabilitation. The trial court noted that Defendant had 17 prior offenses, at least nine of
which involved drug convictions. Defendant committed the offense of possession of
marijuana while he was on bond for the present offenses. The trial court gave “great
weight” to Defendant’s prior criminal history and prior criminal behavior involving
illegal drug usage. The trial court also noted that Defendant had failed to comply with
the conditions of a sentence involving release into the community, pointing to “four or
perhaps five different occasions while he was on probation of some sort [where] he’s
gone out and committed new offenses.” In other words, Defendant did not follow the
rules of alternative sentences so the trial court also gave “great weight” to this factor.
The trial court did not find significant mitigating factors. He noted that Defendant was
“smart” with a college degree and that Defendant knew how to follow the rules but had
“chosen not to follow the rules.” The trial court determined that Defendant “would not
abide by any type of rules of probation” because he showed a consistent pattern of
violating those rules. As a result, the trial court denied alternative sentencing and ordered
Defendant to serve the three-year sentence in incarceration. The trial court also ordered
Defendant to serve those sentences consecutively to the sentences for which Defendant
was on probation in case numbers 17-288 and 15-317 and the cases from Jackson City
Court, 2019M-1690 and 2017M-4046.
Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal.
Analysis
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On appeal, Defendant argues that the trial court abused its discretion by ordering
him to serve his entire sentence in incarceration. Defendant points to his college
education and argues that if he were ordered to serve the minimum he would be
“adequately punished for his crimes, but would still have the opportunity to demonstrate
that he was capable of being rehabilitated and obeying the rules of probation and the sex
offender registry.” The State disagrees.
When a defendant challenges the length or manner of service of a within-range
sentence, this Court reviews the trial court’s sentencing decision under an abuse of
discretion standard with a presumption of reasonableness. State v. Caudle, 388 S.W.3d
273, 278-79 (Tenn. 2012); State v. Bise, 380 S.W.3d 682, 708 (Tenn. 2012). This
presumption applies to “within-range sentencing decisions that reflect a proper
application of the purposes and principles of the Sentencing Act.” Bise, 380 S.W.3d at
707. A trial court abuses its discretion in sentencing when it “applie[s] an incorrect legal
standard, or reache[s] a decision which is against logic or reasoning that cause[s] an
injustice to the party complaining.” State v. Shuck, 953 S.W.2d 662, 669 (Tenn. 1997)
(citing Ballard v. Herzke, 924 S.W.2d 652, 661 (Tenn. 1996)). This deferential standard
does not permit an appellate court to substitute its judgment for that of the trial court.
Myint v. Allstate Ins. Co., 970 S.W.2d 920, 927 (Tenn. 1998). The defendant bears the
burden of proving that the sentence is improper. T.C.A. § 40-35-101, Sentencing
Comm’n Cmts.
A defendant is eligible for alternative sentencing if the sentence actually imposed
is ten years or less. See T.C.A. § 40-35-303(a). Moreover, a defendant who is an
especially mitigated or standard offender convicted of a Class C, D, or E felony should be
considered a favorable candidate for alternative sentencing absent evidence to the
contrary. See T.C.A. § 40-35-102(6). In this case, Defendant was eligible, but not
considered a favorable candidate for alternative sentencing because he was sentenced to
ten years or less but was not an especially mitigated or standard offender.
Although the trial court is required to automatically consider probation as a
sentencing option, see Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-303(b), no criminal
defendant is automatically entitled to probation as a matter of law, see State v. Davis, 940
S.W.2d 558, 559 (Tenn. 1997). It is the defendant’s burden to establish his or her
suitability for full probation. State v. Carter, 254 S.W.3d 334, 347 (Tenn. 2008) (citing
T.C.A. § 40-35-303(b)). The defendant must demonstrate that probation will “subserve
the ends of justice and the best interests of both the public and the defendant.” Hooper v.
State, 297 S.W.2d 78, 81 (Tenn. 1956), overruled on other grounds, State v. Hooper, 29
S.W.3d 1, 9-10 (Tenn. 2000). Among the factors applicable to probation consideration
are the circumstances of the offense; the defendant’s criminal record, social history, and
present condition; the deterrent effect upon the defendant; and the best interests of the
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defendant and the public. State v. Grear, 568 S.W.2d 285, 286 (Tenn. 1978). Tennessee
Code Annotated section 40-35-103(1) sets forth the following sentencing considerations,
which are utilized in determining the appropriateness of alternative sentencing:
(A) Confinement is necessary to protect society by restraining a defendant
who has a long history of criminal conduct;
(B) Confinement is necessary to avoid depreciating the seriousness of the
offense or confinement is particularly suited to provide an effective
deterrence to others likely to commit similar offenses; or
(C) Measures less restrictive than confinement have frequently or recently
been applied unsuccessfully to the defendant.
See also State v. Zeolia, 928 S.W.2d 457, 461 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996). Additionally,
“[t]he potential or lack of potential for the rehabilitation or treatment of the defendant
should be considered in determining the sentence alternative or length of a term to be
imposed.” T.C.A. § 40-35-103(5). A defendant with a long history of criminal conduct
and “evincing failure of past efforts at rehabilitation” is presumed unsuitable for
alternative sentencing. T.C.A. § 40-35-102(5). Our supreme court has specifically held
that the abuse of discretion standard, with a presumption of reasonableness, also applies
to a review of a denial of alternative sentencing. Caudle, 388 S.W.3d at 278-79.
The trial court found Defendant had many prior offenses and several violations of
probation. The record reflects that the trial court engaged in a careful consideration of
the facts and the law. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying an alternative
sentence. Defendant is not entitled to relief.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the judgments of the trial court are affirmed.
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TIMOTHY L. EASTER, JUDGE
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