Cheryl Smith Graves v. Richard C. Graves, Sr. ( 2005 )


Menu:
  •                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
    AT KNOXVILLE
    May 12, 2005 Session
    CHERYL SMITH GRAVES v. RICHARD C. GRAVES, SR.
    Appeal from the Circuit Court for Cocke County
    No. 27-162-II    Richard R. Vance, Judge
    No. E2004-02141-COA-R3-CV - FILED JUNE 16, 2005
    The sole issue on this appeal is whether the trial court erred in holding that Cheryl Smith Graves
    (“Wife”) is not entitled to post-judgment interest on alimony due her under her judgment of divorce
    from Richard C. Graves, Sr. (“Husband”), which judgment was entered December 3, 2001, nunc pro
    tunc August 24, 2001. The trial court premised its judgment on its finding that “[Wife] ha[d] been
    obstructive in the conclusion of this matter.” We hold that Wife is entitled to interest on all alimony
    payments to the extent that those payments were not timely made. Accordingly, we reverse the
    judgment of the trial court.
    Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court
    Reversed; Case Remanded
    CHARLES D. SUSANO , JR., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which D. MICHAEL SWINEY and
    SHARON G. LEE, JJ., joined.
    Judith Fain, Johnson City, Tennessee, for the appellant, Cheryl Smith Graves.
    Richard C. Graves, Sr., Bybee, Tennessee, Pro Se.
    OPINION
    I.
    Based upon the agreement of the parties, the trial court dissolved their 19-year marriage at
    a hearing conducted on August 24, 2001. The divorce judgment addressed the parties’ extensive real
    estate holdings, alimony, and many other issues. Specifically, with respect to alimony, the judgment
    provides as follows:
    That beginning on October 1, 2001, and on the first day of each
    month hereafter, [Husband] shall pay to [Wife] Two Thousand
    Dollars ($2000.00) per month as alimony in solido for one hundred
    twenty (120) months. The first payment shall be made by October 1,
    2001, and subsequent payments shall be mailed by the first day of
    each month, provided this Final Decree has been signed and entered.
    If not, [Husband] shall pay retroactively to October 1, 2001, upon
    entry of this Final Decree of divorce.
    (Paragraph numbering in original omitted).
    Subsequent to the entry of the divorce judgment, disputes arose between the parties regarding
    the interpretation and execution of the judgment with respect to, inter alia, the division of their real
    and personal property. The trial court referred the matter to a special master, who held a hearing on
    November 21, 2002, and again on December 18, 2003. Each hearing resulted in a written report to
    the trial court, and each party took exceptions to both reports. The trial court rejected both parties’
    exceptions and adopted the special master’s reports in toto.
    On April 14, 2004, Wife filed a motion with the trial court stating that Husband had sent her
    a check “for the principal amount of the indebtedness for the alimony” and that Husband had noted
    on the check that “to cash the check would constitute payment in full.” Wife asserted that the check
    did not include interest, which had been accruing over the past 20 months. She asked the court to
    allow her to cash the check without prejudice to her claim for post-judgment interest.
    The trial court conducted a hearing on Wife’s motion on May 24, 2004. As there was no
    transcript of the hearing, Wife filed a statement of the evidence, which in substance is one page in
    length and states, in pertinent part, as follows:
    A hearing was held before the Honorable Richard R. Vance when
    Court was convened at the Jefferson County Courthouse in
    Dandridge, Tennessee on May 24, 2004. Present for the hearing were
    counsel for both parties and [Husband].
    The hearing was held pursuant to [Wife’s] Motion relating to a check
    she had received for back alimony payments because the check
    included notations by [Husband], who wrote the check, that the check
    constituted payment in full for all back alimony owed by [Husband]
    to [Wife]. [Wife] disagreed with the notations because the check did
    not cover the interest that had accrued on the alimony she had been
    awarded, . . . .
    The Court heard the arguments of counsel and ruled that [Wife] was
    not entitled to interest on the alimony that had not been paid to her in
    a timely manner and ordered that counsel for [Husband] prepare an
    order to that effect. The Court also ordered [Husband] to refrain from
    -2-
    writing comments on all future alimony checks. No testimony was
    taken.
    The trial court entered its final judgment on July 12, 2004, which states the following:
    That the wording placed upon the alimony check previously paid by
    [Husband] is of no consequence and the check should be negotiated
    by [Wife]. [Husband] shall refrain from placing any conditions upon
    his alimony payments in the future.
    That [Wife] has been obstructive in the conclusion of this matter and
    she shall forthwith execute the deed of partial release previously
    furnished to her counsel and return the same to counsel for [Husband]
    for delivery to [Husband].
    That [Wife] is not entitled to interest upon the agreed upon balance
    of alimony arrived at during the hearing of January 21, 2004 and
    embodied in the judgment entered on March 16, 2004.
    (Paragraph numbering in original omitted).
    From this judgment, Wife appeals.
    II.
    Because, in our judgment, this case presents only a question of law, we review the issue
    presented “under a pure de novo standard.” S. Constructors, Inc. v. Loudon County Bd. of Educ.,
    
    58 S.W.3d 706
    , 710 (Tenn. 2001). Therefore, we show no deference to the trial court’s conclusions
    with respect to the legal issues presented. Id.
    III.
    Post-judgment interest is mandatory. Vooys v. Turner, 
    49 S.W.3d 318
    , 322 (Tenn. Ct. App.
    2001). It is imposed by statute “on judgments.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-14-121 (2001). Tenn. Code
    Ann. § 47-14-122 (2001) provides that “[i]nterest shall be computed on every judgment . . . .”
    (Emphasis added). Once the amount of the judgment has been established, it bears interest at the
    statutory rate of 10% “except as may be otherwise provided or permitted by statute.” Tenn. Code
    Ann. § 47-14-121. If the exception does not apply – and it has no application to the facts before us
    – the statute makes the add-on of 10% interest mandatory; a court is without authority to relieve a
    debtor of his or her statutorily-mandated post-judgment interest obligation. Inman v. Inman, 
    840 S.W.2d 927
    , 932 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992); Bedwell v. Bedwell, 
    774 S.W.2d 953
    , 956 (Tenn. Ct. App.
    1989). Post-judgment interest accrues “from the date of the decree until paid.” Inman, 840 S.W.2d
    at 931.
    -3-
    A judgment awarding alimony is no different from any other money judgment; the party
    awarded alimony is entitled to receive interest on the total of the alimony arrearage. See Gleason
    v. Gleason, No. M2003-01580-COA-R3-CV, 
    2004 WL 1924030
    , at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. M.S., filed
    August 27, 2004), perm. app. denied, January 31, 2005; Pertew v. Pertew, No. 03A01-9711-CH-
    00505, 
    1999 WL 486917
    , at *9-11 (Tenn. Ct. App. E.S., filed July 13, 1999) (no Tenn. R. App. P.
    11 application filed).
    Husband does not cite any law, nor are we aware of any, authorizing a court to deny an award
    of post-judgment interest on unpaid alimony. Accordingly, under the controlling precedent as set
    forth above, we hold that Wife is entitled to interest at the rate of 10% on each delinquent monthly
    alimony payment from and after the due date of that payment, said interest to be computed to May
    24, 2004, the date of the hearing at which the trial court directed Wife to negotiate Husband’s check.
    While we do not think that the basis of the trial court’s decision to deny Wife interest on the
    untimely alimony payments has any support in law, we note in passing that the record is replete with
    references by the trial court and the special master to the confusion created by ambiguities in the
    divorce judgment and to the rancor on both sides of this case. At the conclusion of the January 21,
    2004, hearing on the parties’ exceptions to the reports of the special master, the trial court made the
    following remarks:
    While the [divorce judgment] may have not been as complete in
    detail with respect to a couple of points[,] the intent of the parties as
    found by [the special master] was that these matters were concluded.
    I think a great deal of difficulty that the parties have had has been the
    unwillingness to cooperate in good spirit, because of the animosity
    that has continued to exi[s]t.
    The divorce is over, you all are divorced. No reason to be mad at
    anybody. This is a matter of property and money, strictly and purely
    at this point in time. Anything else only hurts yourself by being angry
    or bitter.
    And again, that has nothing to do with the law, that’s simply an
    observation but it has affected the proceedings, it has affected the
    length of time that it has taken to hopefully lay some of these issues
    to rest.
    ***
    All in all it’s time to lay this aside. There’s merit on both sides and
    there’s arguments that can’t be supported on both sides.
    -4-
    The court is going to leave it where it is. The costs will be divided
    equally between the parties. . . .
    We find no factual basis for believing that Wife was more at fault than Husband with respect to the
    matters that caused so much post-divorce judgment activity and litigation in this case. In any event,
    we do not believe there is any legal basis to deny Wife the statutory interest to which she is entitled.
    IV.
    The judgment of the trial court is reversed. This case is remanded to the trial court for such
    proceedings, if any, as may be required, consistent with this opinion. Costs on appeal are taxed to
    the appellee, Richard C. Graves, Sr.
    _______________________________
    CHARLES D. SUSANO, JR., JUDGE
    -5-
    

Document Info

Docket Number: E2004-02141-COA-R3-CV

Judges: Judge Charles D. Susano, Jr.

Filed Date: 6/16/2005

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 4/17/2021