Roland David Sheppard v. Wanda Elizabeth Sheppard ( 2010 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
November 5, 2009 Session
ROLAND DAVID SHEPPARD v. WANDA ELIZABETH SHEPPARD
Appeal from the Chancery Court for Montgomery County
No. MC-CH-D1-07-489 Laurence M. McMillan, Chancellor
No. M2009-00254-COA-R3-CV - Filed September 27, 2010
The trial court granted the husband a divorce after a marriage of twenty-two years on the
ground of the wife’s inappropriate marital conduct. The court also divided the marital
property and awarded the wife transitional alimony of $150 per month for 24 months. The
wife argues on appeal that the trial court should have awarded her alimony in futuro of
$2,240 per month. The husband argues that it was an error to award the wife any alimony
at all. We affirm the award of transitional alimony, but modify it by increasing it to $350 per
month.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court
Affirmed as Modified
P ATRICIA J. C OTTRELL, P.J., M.S., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which A NDY D.
B ENNETT and R ICHARD H. D INKINS, JJ., joined.
Carrie W. Gasaway, Clarksville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Wanda Elizabeth Sheppard.
Mark Allen Rassas, Julia Palasek North, Clarksville, Tennessee, for the appellee, Roland
David Sheppard.
OPINION
I. M ARRIAGE AND D IVORCE
Roland D. Sheppard (“Husband”) and Wanda E. Sheppard (“Wife”) married on May
5, 1987. Their marriage produced one child, a son, born on August 7, 1990.1 On December
1
He reached his majority during the time of the proceedings herein, so child support is not an issue
(continued...)
1, 2006, Husband left the marital home. He testified that he left because of the improper
conduct of Wife, which allegedly included constant hostility, arguments, physical
confrontations and the throwing of dishes. About two months later, the parties’ child also
left the marital residence and moved in with Husband. After he left, Husband continued to
pay the first and second mortgages on the marital home, as well as Wife’s health insurance,
automobile insurance, and credit card payments.2
On July 6, 2007, Husband filed a complaint for divorce in the Chancery Court of
Montgomery County. The grounds alleged were irreconcilable differences and inappropriate
marital conduct. Wife filed an answer and counterclaim for divorce. She admitted that there
were irreconcilable differences between the parties, but she denied any inappropriate marital
conduct on her part and alleged that Husband himself was guilty of inappropriate marital
conduct. Wife asked the court to award her pendente lite spousal support, to name her as the
primary residential parent of the parties’ then seventeen year old child, and to award her
pendente lite child support. Contemporaneously with her answer, Wife filed a motion for a
more definite statement.
On December 26, 2007, Husband filed a motion to amend his complaint to allege that
Wife had been guilty of adultery. Husband’s motion to amend was granted through an
agreed order. Husband’s counsel subsequently took the deposition of the man Wife was
alleged to have had an affair with. Wife allegedly admitted to an affair in her response to
interrogatories. During her testimony at trial she admitted to one affair, but denied having
sexual relations with the man whom Husband deposed.3
On January 11, 2008, Husband filed an income and expense statement with the court.
The statement reported gross monthly income of $5,450 from Husband’s job as a technician
at Bosch Corporation, a manufacturer of automobile parts. His net take home pay was
reported as $3,867.42, with monthly expenses of $4,041.66 (which included $350 rent for
his current residence and $1,305 for mortgage payments on the marital residence). For her
part, Wife’s income and expense statement listed gross income of $1,941 a month from her
1
(...continued)
in this appeal.
2
The record shows that Husband initially gave Wife the money for the mortgage and other household
obligations. He subsequently learned that she had missed several months of mortgage payments, and he
notified Wife through her counsel that he would no longer give her any money, but would pay the mortgage,
credit card, and insurance premiums directly.
3
Neither the deposition of Wife’s alleged paramour nor her interrogatory responses are found in the
technical record.
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part-time position managing the distribution of the Army Times newspaper in the
Clarksville/Fort Campbell area, with net income of $1,099.84 a month.
After the failure of court-ordered mediation, the court conducted the divorce hearing
on June 4, 2008. The parties’ counsel announced at the outset that the parties had agreed to
divide the marital property equally and that the primary issue for the court’s decision would
be alimony. Aside from Husband and Wife, the only witnesses to testify were Hilda Davis,
who helps Wife with the delivery of Army Times, and Judy Armstrong, the owner of a
catering business for which Wife worked part-time in 2005. Both Ms. Davis and Ms.
Armstrong are members of the church that Husband and Wife attend.
During questioning of Husband, his counsel started asking him about Wife’s alleged
adultery. The trial court cut the questioning short, stating “I’ve got the gist of the fault part,
let’s get into the financials.” Husband was questioned about a new income and expense
statement that he had filed on the day of trial, which recited a gross monthly income of
$3,463.20, much less than was reflected in his statement of January 11, 2008. On the stand,
he was asked about his most recent paychecks:
Q. . . . now you actually get paid by the week so you have to kind of
accumulate this out through the month; is that right?
A. That’s correct.
Q. But with the taxes, insurance – actually your paycheck shows less than
$2556.70 per month; is that correct?
A. That is correct.
Husband also testified that his earlier income and expense statement was based on his
2006 earnings, which included a great deal of overtime and that Bosch was cutting back as
the economy declined.
Wife testified extensively about her medical conditions. She testified that she suffers
from a degenerative back condition for which she underwent a spinal fusion, as well as a
bladder problem which also required surgery. She testified that she rides along with Hilda
Davis during the weekly distribution of the Army Times, but that she is unable to do any of
the required lifting, so Ms. Davis actually does most of the work. She further testified that
her gross income had dropped to about $1,300 per month because the deployment of troops
from Fort Campbell had reduced the circulation of the Army Times and because she paid Ms.
Davis $75 per week for her work. However, Ms. Davis testified that Wife had stopped
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paying her after Christmas of 2007 because “she can’t afford it.”
Wife stated that she would eventually have to give up her contract with the Army
Times and turn it over to Ms. Davis. Because she was aware that she would need to find
another line of work, Wife began a two-year program in the computer field at Miller-Motte
Technical College in 2006. She received an Associates Degree in Network Administration
in 2008 and has applied for several positions in that field. She testified, however, that her
medical limitations closed many potential doors of employment to her and that she did not
believe she would be able to pay all her expenses, even with a job. She accordingly asked
the court to award her $2,000 per month in alimony.
At the conclusion of proof and of closing arguments, the trial court announced its
decision from the bench. The court awarded Husband an absolute divorce on the ground of
inappropriate marital conduct. Since neither party wanted to keep the marital home and be
responsible for its upkeep, the court ordered it sold, with the proceeds used to pay off the first
and second mortgage and the bank credit card debt of about $5,000, with the remaining
proceedings to be divided equally between the parties.4 The court also ordered that
Husband’s 401(k) with a balance of about $20,000, and his IRA with a balance of about
$55,000, be equally divided between the parties through Qualified Domestic Relations
Orders.
The court then turned to the question of alimony:
The Court finds taking into account the statutory factors obtained in Tenn.
Code Ann. § 36-5-121 an award of long-term alimony is not appropriate for
reasons of the fault [for] the break up of the marriage. The fact that the last 17
months Mr. Sheppard has been paying approximately $1,600 a month and
expenses. Has borne the cost of his son and some of the most expensive times
of that child going through graduation, proms, automobiles, automobile
insurance. Mrs. Sheppard does have a degree and although she has a need, Mr.
Sheppard has not been demonstrated to me that he has the ability to pay.
The court’s decision was memorialized in a Final Decree of Divorce, which was
entered July 9, 2008.
4
The court ordered that the marital home be sold at an auction conducted by a Special Master.
Husband had testified that the appraisal value of the house was $182,000, which would leave net equity of
about $70,000 to be equally divided between the parties. However, the home actually sold for only $132,000,
leaving each party with only $5,556.22 in net equity.
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II. P OST-T RIAL P ROCEEDINGS
On August 7, 2008, Wife filed a motion for new trial or for an amendment of the
judgment on the matter of alimony only. After a hearing, the motion was denied. Wife then
retained new counsel, who filed a Rule 60.02 motion for relief from the final judgment of the
court on August 29, 2008. Once again, the relief requested was a new trial on the issue of
alimony only, or an award of alimony “in accordance with her need and the plaintiff’s ability
to pay, based upon his 2007 income.”
Wife alleged that Husband had perpetrated a fraud upon the court by testifying falsely
about his income. In support of her motion, she attached a copy of Husband’s W-2 form for
2007, which showed gross earnings of $62,745. She pointed out that such an annual income
amounts to $5,228.75 per month, quite a bit more than the $3,463.20 per month that Husband
had testified to and set out in his most recent income and expense statement.5 In an order
dated October 3, 2008, the trial court granted Wife’s Rule 60.02 motion, declaring that it
would reopen the proof on the issue of alimony and “conduct an evidentiary hearing
regarding the allegation that the Plaintiff was less than candid with the court regarding his
income.”
The hearing was conducted on November 12, 2008. Husband’s weekly pay statements
for the weeks between May 4, 2008 and June 22, 2008, were entered into the record. Each
statement set out his regular hours, his overtime hours, his hourly rate of pay, his gross pay,
his deductions of all types, his net pay for each week in question, and the cumulative yearly
total for each category. They clearly indicate that Husband continued to work a substantial
amount of overtime each week, and that he was actually earning more in 2008 than he had
earned in 2007 and 2006.6
At the conclusion of the proof, the court again announced its decision in a very brief
statement from the bench.
5
Husband’s pay statements reflect a regular rate of pay of $19.80 per hour. Overtime is paid at the
rate of time-and-a-half, or $29.97 per hour. If husband were to work forty hours per week with no overtime,
his gross annual income would be $41,184 per year, or $3,432 per month. Extrapolating his actual income,
including overtime, from January 1, 2008 to June 22, 2008, would result in gross annual income of $72,282
of about $6,023 per month.
6
The final pay statement, which was for the pay period ending June 22, 2008, indicated total gross
income up to that date of $34,751.24.
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All right. Based on the – based on the proof presented today, the court will
grant the 60.02 motion and modify the alimony award. Mrs. Sheppard will be
awarded transitional alimony in the amount of $150 per month for 24 months,
retroactive to July 2008 which is the month of the decree.
The trial court’s decision was memorialized in a final order dated January 8, 2009.
This appeal followed.
III. A NALYSIS
A. The Rule 60 Motion
Rule 60 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure allows the trial court to relieve a
party from a final judgment “upon such terms as are just” for a limited number of reasons.
These include “fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic),
misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party.” Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(2). A
motion for relief under Rule 60 addresses itself to the sound discretion of the trial court, and
the scope of review on appeal is whether the trial court abused that discretion. Toney v.
Mueller, 810 S.W.2d 145, 147 (Tenn. 1991); Day v. Day, 931 S.W.2d 936, 939 (Tenn. Ct.
App. 1996).
Husband argues that there was no fraud or misrepresentation in this case, and thus that
the court’s alimony award should be vacated, and the Final Decree of Divorce with its
specific denial of alimony be fully reinstated. He asserts that he furnished Wife’s attorney
with a copy of his 2007 income tax return prior to the hearing of June 4, 2008, and that he
testified truthfully during that hearing when he was asked about the net income that was
reflected on recent pay stubs.
Wife’s attorney questioned Husband to determine if he had deliberately refused to
work overtime during the weeks leading up to the final divorce hearing of June 4, 2008, in
order to be able to testify to a lower net income and thus to reduce his potential alimony
obligation. Husband denied any such action or intention.
Even if Husband’s actions did not amount to intentional misrepresentation, however,
Rule 60 also authorizes the trial court to relieve a party from a final judgment by reason of
“mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect.” Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(1). In the
present case, the trial court initially found that Wife had a need for alimony, but that Husband
did not have the ability to pay. Wife raised allegations and submitted proof with her Rule 60
Motion sufficient to suggest that Husband’s statements of his income were mistaken, and that
Husband did indeed have the ability to pay alimony. Thus, the trial court did not abuse its
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discretion in granting Wife’s Rule 60 Motion and in awarding alimony to her.
B. The Type of Alimony Awarded
Wife argues that the award of $150 per month of alimony for 24 months was
inadequate, not even amounting to enough to pay her attorney and that, as a disadvantaged
spouse in a marriage of long duration, the trial court should have awarded her a much larger
monthly allowance, in the form of alimony in futuro.
Wife relies heavily on this court’s opinion in the case of Cunningham v. Cunningham,
No. M2002-01659-COA-R3-CV, 2003 WL 22994291 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 22, 2003) (no
Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed). She has included a lengthy excerpt from that opinion
in her brief on appeal. The wife in that case began to suffer back and neck problems in the
first year of the parties’ marriage, and those problems rendered her unable to work. The trial
court more or less equally divided the marital estate, which had a net value of about
$284,000, but declined to award the wife any alimony at all, reasoning that because of its
division of marital property she was no longer economically disadvantaged relative to the
husband.
This court disagreed, noting that the wife’s sole income was her monthly disability
check of $584, while the husband retained the ability to earn about $65,000 a year from his
job at Lowe’s. Further, the wife received very little in the way of liquid assets from the
property division. Because theirs was a marriage of short duration (seven years) and wife
contributed little or nothing to the marital estate, we held that she was not entitled to receive
lifetime support in the form of alimony in futuro. We did, however, order the husband to pay
the wife $24,000 as alimony in solido, in sixty monthly installments.
In this case, Wife argues that our reasoning in Cunningham indicates that because of
the twenty-two year duration of her marriage, the trial court should have awarded her
alimony in futuro. We disagree. As Husband points out, it was undisputed that the wife in
Cunningham was 100% disabled and could not even engage in the normal activities of daily
living, while Wife in this case has been managing to earn a monthly income despite the
medical problems she testified to, and she has made herself qualified for a job in the
computer field.7
7
Another distinction between Cunningham and the present case is that in Cunningham the trial court
granted the divorce to the wife because of the greater fault of the husband for the collapse of the marriage,
while in the present case the trial court granted the divorce to Husband because it found Wife’s fault to be
greater.
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The proof shows that Wife has been earning about $24,000 a year from her job with
the Army Times, which requires no more than about twelve hours of work per week. Wife
has testified that she can no longer do the physical work that the job requires and that she will
eventually have to turn it over to Ms. Davis, who has been doing the work in her place for
little or no compensation.
In anticipation of this change, Wife went back to school and earned a degree in
Network Administration. She proved to be an excellent student, and despite her medical
problems, she should be able to find gainful employment. The only evidence in the record
as to Wife’s potential earnings is her own testimony that she was applying for an internship
that pays about $18,000 a year to start. Wife also testified that she has to pass her A plus
certification for hardware and software before she can qualify as a customer service
representative for Dell, a job that presumably pays more than an internship. She did not
testify, however, that she had been guaranteed any such job, even if she passes the necessary
certification.
Our legislature has expressed a preference for rehabilitative, temporary alimony
awards over permanent alimony whenever such temporary alimony is feasible. T.C.A. §
36-5-121(d)(2).
The statute reflects an obvious legislative policy that, if possible, the
dependency of one ex-spouse on the other be eliminated and both parties be
relieved of the impediments incident to the dissolved marriage, and that an
ex-spouse be adjudged permanently dependent upon the other only when the
court granting the divorce finds that economic rehabilitation is not feasible and
long-term support is necessary.
Melvin v. Johnson-Melvin, No. M2004-02106-COA-R3-CV, 2006 WL 1132042, at *4 (Tenn.
Ct. App. April 27, 2006) (Rule 11 permission to appeal denied Oct. 16, 2006) (citing Self v.
Self, 861 S.W.2d 360, 361 (Tenn. 1993)).
The support provided by rehabilitative alimony is intended to help the disadvantaged
spouse become self-sufficient by allowing him or her to acquire additional job skills,
education or training. Kinard v. Kinard, 986 S.W.2d 220, 234 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998); Loria
v. Loria, 952 S.W.2d 836, 838 (Tenn. Ct. App.1997). When rehabilitation is not feasible, the
court may then grant long-term alimony awards or alimony in futuro. Kinard v. Kinard, 986
S.W.2d at 234; Young v. Young, 971 S.W.2d 386, 390-91 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997); Storey v.
Storey, 835 S.W.2d 593, 597 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992).
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In the present case, Wife has acquired the skills needed to become self-sufficient and
thus does not require rehabilitation. But because she has not yet made the full transition to
self-sufficiency, the trial court correctly found that she was entitled to transitional alimony,
another form of temporary support which is awarded “when the court finds that rehabilitation
is not necessary, but the economically disadvantaged spouse needs assistance to adjust to the
economic consequences of a divorce, legal separation or other proceeding where spousal
support may be awarded.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-121(g)(1).
Wife was still earning a modest income at the time of the final hearing in this case,
but had not yet made the transition to employment in the field she had trained for. Her
income and expense statement recited $725 per month in medical expenses, which together
with other household expenses greatly exceeded her monthly income. She also testified to
$25,000 in student loans which will have to be repaid. Thus, she clearly needed temporary
financial assistance to adjust to the economic consequences of this divorce.
C. The Amount of the Alimony Award
The amount of alimony to award is within the discretion of the trial court in view of
the particular circumstances of each case. Burlew v. Burlew, 40 S.W.3d 465, 470 (Tenn.
2001); Houghland v. Houghland, 844 S.W.2d 619, 621 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992). However, our
legislature has set out a list of factors that our courts are directed to consider when making
alimony determinations. These include,
(1) The relative earning capacity, obligations, needs, and financial resources
of each party, including income from pension, profit sharing or retirement
plans and all other sources;
(2) The relative education and training of each party, the ability and
opportunity of each party to secure such education and training, and the
necessity of a party to secure further education and training to improve such
party's earnings capacity to a reasonable level;
(3) The duration of the marriage;
(4) The age and mental condition of each party;
(5) The physical condition of each party, including, but not limited to, physical
disability or incapacity due to a chronic debilitating disease;
(6) The extent to which it would be undesirable for a party to seek employment
outside the home, because such party will be custodian of a minor child of the
marriage;
(7) The separate assets of each party, both real and personal, tangible and
intangible;
(8) The provisions made with regard to the marital property, as defined in §
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36-4-121;
(9) The standard of living of the parties established during the marriage;
(10) The extent to which each party has made such tangible and intangible
contributions to the marriage as monetary and homemaker contributions, and
tangible and intangible contributions by a party to the education, training or
increased earning power of the other party;
(11) The relative fault of the parties, in cases where the court, in its discretion,
deems it appropriate to do so; and
(12) Such other factors, including the tax consequences to each party, as are
necessary to consider the equities between the parties
Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-121(i).
Our courts have also stated that the need of the disadvantaged spouse is the single
most important factor to consider, followed by the ability of the obligor spouse to pay.
Houghland v. Houghland, 844 S.W.2d at 621; Cranford v. Cranford, 772 S.W.2d 48, 50
(Tenn. Ct. App. 1989); Lancaster v. Lancaster, 671 S.W.2d 501, 504 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1984).
As we pointed out earlier, Wife argues that the amount of alimony awarded to her is not
adequate to meet her needs.
The trial court in this case did not state any of its reasons for setting the level of
alimony at $150 per month for two years, nor did it refer to the factors set out in Tenn. Code
Ann. § 36-5-121(i) or specifically address the magnitude of Wife’s need. We must therefore
examine the record for clues to its reasoning. We note that in its ruling from the bench at the
hearing of June 4, 2008, the court stated two reasons for its refusal to grant Wife any alimony
at all, aside from its finding that although Wife had a need, Husband did not have the ability
to pay. These were because of Wife’s fault, and because during the parties’ seventeen month
separation, Husband paid the mortgage and other bills, and bore the cost of support for the
parties’ teenage son. It is fair to infer that these same reasons were behind the trial court’s
decision on November 12, 2008 to set such a minimal level of support for Wife.
It is true that the relative fault of the parties is one of the factors the trial court is
allowed to consider in determining the type and amount of alimony to award. Tenn. Code
Ann. § 36-5-121(i)(11). It is well settled, however, that while fault is a factor to be
considered in determining an award of alimony, the court must not apply it in a punitive
manner against a guilty party. Fisher v. Fisher, 648 S.W.2d 244, 246 (Tenn. 1983); Tait v.
Tait, 207 S.W.3d 270, 278 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2006); Kinard v. Kinard, 986 S.W.2d at 234.
Further, although the evidence does not preponderate against the trial court’s finding that
Wife is more at fault for the failure of their marriage than Husband, the evidence shows that
Husband’s fault contributed to that failure as well.
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Husband’s payment of the mortgage and other obligations during the parties’
separation was also a legitimate factor for the court to consider, amounting as it did to a
contribution to the marriage over and above Husband’s other contributions prior to the
separation. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-121(i)(10). Of course, Husband’s payment of the
mortgage and other joint obligations during separation inured to his benefit as well as to
Wife’s. Additionally, other factors that the court did not address suggest that a somewhat
greater alimony award would have been appropriate. These factors include the relative
earning capacity of the parties, the twenty-two year duration of the marriage, Wife’s physical
condition, which has resulted in greater medical expenses for her and thus greater need, and
the disappointing results of the sale of the marital residence, which has left both parties with
much less in the way of liquid assets from the division of marital assets.
In light of these factors, it is apparent that $150 a month will not do very much to
address Wife’s needs. Further, with his greater earning capacity and current income of over
$5,500 per month, Husband clearly has the ability to give her much more support than the
court ordered. Thus, we believe that the court erred in not considering those factors and in
limiting alimony as it did. We are mindful, however, that Husband depends upon a great deal
of overtime work to achieve his current level of income. Thus, although we believe Wife
should receive more alimony than was ordered, we do not believe the award should be so
large as to compel Husband to work an inordinate number of hours in order to pay it.
Under most circumstances, we would remand a case like this to the trial court for a
further hearing on the most appropriate level of alimony to award. But in the interest of
judicial economy, including avoiding the cost to the parties arising from an additional
hearing, we increase the award to $350 per month, effective immediately. Payments will
continue at that rate until the total amount of alimony paid by Husband, including his prior
payments, is equivalent to $350 per month for 24 months, or $8,400.
D. Other Issues
Wife argues that the trial court should have ordered Husband to pay for her health
insurance premiums in the amount of $283 per month, equal to the cost of COBRA coverage
through Husband’s employer-provided health insurance program, and that such payments
should continue for the rest of her life as a form of alimony in futuro, even after her COBRA
eligibility expires. Wife directs our attention to the case of Guiliano v. Guiliano, No.
W2007-02752-COA-R3-CV, 2008 WL 4614107 (Tenn. Ct. App. Oct. 15, 2008) (no Tenn.
R. App. P. 11 application filed). In that case, this court granted the wife just such relief,
relying on Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-121(j), which declares that “[t]he court may direct a party
to pay the premiums for insurance insuring the health care costs of the other party, in whole
or in part, for such duration as the court deems appropriate.”
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We noted in Guiliano that an order to pay health insurance premiums is regarded as
a form of alimony and is subject to the considerations set out in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-
121(i). However, the facts of that case are very different than those in the one before us. Ms.
Guiliano suffered from chronic leukemia. Ms. Guiliano had not worked outside the home
after the birth of her first child, whereas Wife herein worked and earned income up to and
including the time of her divorce. The trial court found that Mr. Guiliano had an earning
capacity of about $175,000 a year, so he could easily afford to pay for Ms. Guiliano’s health
insurance, whereas in this case Husband’s means are far more modest. Finally, Mr. Guiliano
did not deny that he had been guilty of adultery, so the allocation of fault was different in the
Guiliano case than in the one before us.
In light of the circumstances of the present case, we hold that the trial court acted
within its discretion in declining to order Husband to pay Wife’s health insurance premiums.
For similar reasons, we also reject Wife’s argument that the trial court should have ordered
Husband to obtain life insurance to secure his alimony obligation. Wife again relies on
Guiliano, where this court ordered the purchase of such insurance. But Ms. Guiliano was
awarded a substantial amount of alimony in futuro, and the possible duration of such an
award justified the purchase of insurance in that case. There is less reason to order the
purchase of life insurance to protect an award of transitional alimony.8 Further, the limited
resources of Husband makes a life insurance policy an additional burden which he should not
be required to carry.
Wife also argues that the trial court should have awarded her the attorney fees she
incurred during the divorce proceedings. Wife reasons that the trial court’s division of
marital property (including the greatly reduced net proceeds from the sale of the marital
home) have left her with very little in the way of liquid assets to pay her legal expenses. She
further notes that if she liquidates her share of the retirement accounts for that purpose, she
will suffer harsh financial penalties.
Attorney fees in divorce proceedings may be awarded in the form of alimony in
solido. In determining whether to award attorney fees, the trial court should again consider
the factors set out in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-121(i), including the relative fault of the
parties. Yount v. Yount, 91 S.W.3d 777, 783 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2002); Lindsey v. Lindsey, 976
S.W.2d 175, 181 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997). Fault seems especially relevant in cases where the
cause of the divorce, and thus the need for the attorney fees, arises from the conduct of one
of the parties. Additionally, our courts have found an award of attorney fees to be most
appropriate where the disadvantaged spouse does not have enough in the way of liquid assets
8
Perhaps Wife was anticipating that we would agree to order alimony in futuro for her as well. But
of course, we decided that only transitional alimony was warranted in this case.
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to pay his or her own attorney fees and the obligor spouse is able to pay. Yount v. Yount, 91
S.W.3d at 783; Manis v. Manis, 49 S.W.3d 295, 307 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001); Lindsey v.
Lindsey, 976 S.W.2d at 181.
Every item of marital property in this case was divided equally between Wife and
Husband. Thus, although Husband has his own attorney fees to pay, he did not acquire any
greater amount of liquid assets from the property division than did Wife. Also, there was no
proof in the record as to any bank accounts or other financial assets that Husband held as his
separate property. The decision of whether or not to award attorney fees is within the sound
discretion of the trial court, and the court’s decision will not be disturbed upon appeal unless
that discretion has been abused. Yount v. Yount, 91 S.W.3d at 783; Garfinkel v. Garfinkel,
945 S.W.2d 744, 748 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996). The trial court did not abuse its discretion in
this case by declining to award Wife her attorney fees.
IV. C ONCLUSION
The order of the trial court is modified to increase Husband’s alimony obligation to
$350 per month. In all other respects, the order of the trial court is affirmed. We remand this
case to the Chancery Court of Montgomery County for any further proceedings necessary.
Divide the costs on appeal equally between the appellant and the appellee.
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PATRICIA J. COTTRELL, JUDGE
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