In Re Estate of Jessie J. Lake ( 2020 )


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  •                                                                                              12/15/2020
    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
    AT JACKSON
    Assigned on Briefs October 1, 2020
    IN RE ESTATE OF JESSIE J. LAKE
    Appeal from the Chancery Court for Hardeman County
    No. P-2134 Martha B. Brasfield, Chancellor
    ___________________________________
    No. W2019-01818-COA-R3-CV
    ___________________________________
    The administrator of Appellee estate filed a declaratory judgment action against Geneva
    Cosey, seeking to quiet title to real property owned by decedent. Geneva Cosey died
    during the trial court proceedings, and the administrator filed a suggestion of death.
    However, neither party filed a substitution of party. As such, the trial court granted a
    default judgment in favor of the estate (and the administrator as the sole heir) on the
    declaratory judgment action. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 25.01. Thereafter, Geneva Cosey’s
    daughter, Eloise Cosey,1 filed an appeal to this Court. The notice of appeal was brought
    in the name of Geneva Cosey, deceased, and Eloise Cosey, as Geneva Cosey’s next of
    kin. The notice was signed and submitted by attorney Matthew Edwards. Because
    neither Eloise Cosey nor Mr. Edwards satisfy the standing requirement under Tennessee
    Rule of Appellate Procedure 19(a), the notice of appeal is ineffective and the appeal is
    dismissed.
    Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Appeal Dismissed
    KENNY ARMSTRONG, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which D. MICHAEL
    SWINEY, C.J., and ANDY D. BENNETT, J., joined.
    Matthew C. Edwards, Bolivar, Tennessee, for the appellant, Eloise Cosey.
    M. Matthew Thornton and Jennifer L. Sneed, Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellee,
    Estate of Jessie J. Lake.
    1
    Ms. Cosey’s name is spelled both “Eloise” and “Eloyse” in the record. For purposes of
    consistency, we will use the spelling, “Eloise,” with apologies if this is not correct.
    OPINION
    On September 2, 2017, Jessie J. Lake (“Decedent”) died intestate in Bolivar,
    Tennessee.2 On March 1, 2018, the Chancery Court of Hardeman County (“trial court”)
    opened the Estate of Jessie J. Lake (“Estate,” or “Appellee”) and named Shelia Morgan,
    Decedent’s daughter and sole heir, as the administrator.3 As is relevant to this appeal,
    part of the Estate consisted of real property located at 135 Dunn Lane, Hickory Valley,
    Tennessee (the “Property”). Notice to creditors and potential heirs was published on or
    about March 8, 2018. There was no response to the notice concerning potential heirs, and
    Ms. Morgan filed a motion for default judgment against any potential heirs of the Estate
    on May 21, 2018. By order of June 6, 2018, the trial court granted default judgment
    against any known and unknown potential heirs of the Estate and named Ms. Morgan as
    Decedent’s sole heir.
    On August 15, 2018, Ms. Morgan filed a complaint for declaratory judgment
    seeking to resolve ownership of the Property. In her motion, Ms. Morgan averred, in
    relevant part:
    4. The Defendant is the following person who, on information and belief, is
    a necessary party to this action:
    Geneva Lake Cosey
    135 Dunn Ln
    Hickory Valley, TN 38042-6452
    ***
    6. At the time of his death, the decedent owned a safe deposit box at a local
    bank.
    7. No other person could access the safe deposit box because the decedent
    had established himself as its sole owner and had not granted anyone else
    the legal right to access the box.
    ***
    9. Sheila Morgan’s search of the decedent’s bank safe deposit box
    discovered a writing titled “Deed to Create Tenancy In Common” executed
    on July 20, 2001, over sixteen (16) years before the decedent’s death,
    2
    Decedent’s name is spelled both “Jesse” and “Jessie” in the record. For purposes of
    consistency, we will use “Jessie,” with apologies if this spelling is incorrect.
    3
    In 2017, Decedent executed a power of attorney naming Ms. Morgan as his attorney-in-fact.
    The power of attorney was prepared by Attorney Matthew Edwards.
    -2-
    which the decedent had never relinquished control of.
    10. The document purports to be a potential gift to the Defendant, the
    decedent’s sister, of partial ownership in the decedent’s real property
    located at 135 Dunn Lane, Hickory Valley (Hardeman County) Tennessee.
    Ms. Morgan attached the “Deed to Create Tenancy in Common” as an exhibit to her
    complaint and argued that the deed did not convey the Property to Geneva Cosey.
    Specifically, Ms. Morgan maintained that: (1) the subject deed was never recorded (and
    that the title to the Property remained in Decedent’s name at the time of his death); (2)
    Decedent retained sole control of the subject deed and never tendered it to Geneva Cosey;
    (3) Geneva Cosey never exercised control over the Property and never paid taxes or
    upkeep; (4) Decedent received no consideration from Geneva Cosey. As such, Ms.
    Morgan asked the trial court to declare the deed a nullity and to vest title in her as the
    sole heir of the Estate.
    On October 5, 2018, Geneva Cosey, who was represented by attorney Nathan
    Pride, filed an answer to the complaint for declaratory judgment. Geneva Cosey averred
    that Decedent intended to transfer the Property to her as set out in the subject deed. She
    further averred that she “had partnered with [D]ecedent in this property. That she owned
    and provided the trailer home that is upon the same. That she paid taxes, maintained the
    same and did all other acts that would assert to this Court that she is the owner of this
    property . . . .” On October 22, 2018, Geneva Cosey filed her affidavit with the trial
    court, wherein she stated, in relevant part:
    2. That I am 91 years of age. . . .
    3. That I am of sound mind and memory.
    ***
    5. That Jessie L. Lake was my brother. That we lived together for several
    years. That I assisted him in the maintenance of the property located at 135
    Dunn Lane Hickory Valley, Tennessee. That it was our intent to live there
    together.
    6. That My brother Jessie L. Lake and I both contributed toward the
    maintenance of the house. That in order for me to stay there, it was
    necessary for me to make an addition to the property. That I made that
    addition by having the house enlarged. That I paid for this enlargement and
    modification solely by myself. That as a result of this, it was the intent of
    my brother and I that the property be given to me if I was the longest living
    and I have been the longest liver [sic].
    7. That I recall my brother having a Quit Claim Deed made to convey the
    property to me. At the time we did not think it was necessary to do anything
    other than have it conveyed so that if something were to happen to him, the
    -3-
    property would go to me. It was the intent of Jessie L. Lake and Geneva
    Lake Cosey that the property at 135 Dunn Lane . . . be deeded to me.
    8. That there was never an intent to revoke this conveyance. That it was not
    a gift, but done in exchange for the substantial work that I did upon the
    property at 135 Dunn Lane Hickory Valley, Tennessee.
    9. That I believe that I am lawfully entitled to the property as a result of the
    Quit Claim Deed that my brother had prepared and that I was a part of. That
    I ask this Court to allow the Quit Claim Deed to be recorded indicating this
    conveyance and transfer.
    On Geneva Cosey’s motion, the trial court granted a continuance for purposes of
    conducting discovery.
    On January 14, 2019, Ms. Morgan filed a Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 25
    Suggestion of Death indicating that Geneva Cosey had died on December 21, 2018. The
    certificate of service indicates that the Suggestion of Death was served on Geneva
    Cosey’s attorney, Mr. Pride. No motion for substitution of party was filed.
    On June 3, 2019, Ms. Morgan filed a motion for default judgment on the
    complaint for declaratory judgment. As grounds, Ms. Morgan averred that:
    4. Movant filed a Suggestion of Death notifying the Court of Respondent’s
    death on January 14, 2019.
    5. Pursuant to TENN. R. CIV. P. 25.01, Respondent’s counsel then had
    ninety (90) days from the filing date of the Suggestion of Death — April
    15, 2019 — to file a motion to substitute a party for Respondent before the
    Complaint would be dismissed as to Respondent.
    6. As of May 30, 2019, over 130 days after the January 14, 2019 filing of
    Movant’s Suggestion of Death, Respondent’s counsel still has not filed a
    motion for substitution of a party for Respondent as required by Tennessee
    law.
    7. Further, Respondent’s counsel has neither filed nor otherwise asserted to
    this Court or to Movant any grounds which demonstrate excusable neglect
    justifying Respondent’s failure to comply with the mandatory deadline.
    8. Failure to timely file a motion for substitution of a party following the
    filing of a suggestion of death dismisses the action as to the deceased party
    and said action cannot be revived by any other means. TENN. R. CIV. P.
    25.01; Dobbins v. Green, 
    2013 WL 1149574
     (Tenn. Ct. App. Mar. 20,
    2013).
    9. Thus, pursuant to Tennessee law, this action is dismissed and abated,
    with prejudice, as to the Respondent.
    A hearing was held in June 2019, and two of Ms. Cosey’s children, Charles and
    -4-
    Donald McKinnie, appeared with their attorney, Mr. Steve Hale. Mr. Hale requested a
    continuance to be able to file a response to the motion for default judgment. The trial
    court granted a continuance until August 16, 2019. On or about July 9, 2019, Mr. Hale
    attempted to open an estate for Geneva Cosey; however, it appears from the record that
    no estate was opened.
    On July 31, 2019, Geneva Cosey’s daughter, Eloise Cosey, filed a motion in
    opposition to Ms. Morgan’s motion for default judgment on the complaint for declaratory
    judgment, wherein she argued:
    8. Administrator Morgan contends that this action was required within 90
    days by Tenn. R. Civ. Pro 25.01 and relies upon the decision in Dobbins v.
    Green . . . .
    9. Opponent shows that Rule 25.01 permits ANY party to move for
    substitution of a deceased party and submits that the obligation to substitute
    for a deceased defendant is on the Plaintiff who knows that the ownership
    interest she fears devolves upon the heirs of Geneva Cosey. See Michael
    Sowell v. Estate of James W. Davis. . . .
    ***
    11. Opponent further shows that a motion to dismiss under 25.01 is legally
    different from a motion for default judgment against a deceased defendant.
    12. In the alternative, and further opposing, Opponent shows that should
    the court be inclined to hold that 25.01 applies to this cause . . . the failure
    of Opponent to substitute a party was due to excusable neglect due to the
    cessation of the attorney formerly representing Opponent’s interest who
    was apparently unable to continue but failed to give timely notice to
    Opponents.
    13. For the underlying matter to proceed, it is incumbent on the Plaintiff to
    move the court to open an estate for Geneva Cosey . . . .
    On August 15, 2019, Ms. Morgan moved to dismiss the motion filed in opposition
    to the motion for default judgment, wherein she argued, inter alia, that “Elo[is]e Cosey . .
    . lacks standing to request or receive relief from this Court, as she is neither a party to this
    action, nor has she been substituted as Respondent’s legal representative.”
    The trial court held a hearing on August 21, 2019. By order of September 16,
    2019, the trial court held, in relevant part:
    2. That on January 14. 2019, Movant filed a suggestion of death informing
    the Court of the Defendant’s death pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 25.01.
    3. A copy of the Motion was served upon counsel for Respondent, Nathan
    -5-
    Pride.
    4. That over 219 days have passed since Movant filed her suggestion of
    death.
    5. That no party filed with the Court a motion of substitution of a party to
    represent Respondent within 90 days of the filing of the suggestion of death
    as required by Tenn. R. Civ. P. 25.01.
    6. That no party has provided to this Court or to Movant any grounds
    demonstrating excusable neglect for failure to timely file a motion of
    substitution.
    7. That as such, pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 25.01, the right of the
    Respondent, Geneva Cosey, to pursue any remedy at law in this action has
    forever abated.
    8. That Elo[is]e Cosey filed her Opposition to Motion for Default Judgment
    on July 31. 2019, but has not been appointed as a successor for Geneva
    Cosey in this action or otherwise been joined as a party to this action
    9. That the Movant, Sheila Morgan, filed her Motion to Dismiss Elo[is]e
    Cosey’s opposition due to Elo[is]e Cosey’s lack of standing, among other
    reasons.
    10. The Court heard and duly considered the arguments of counsel and
    finds that the heirs or potential heirs of Geneva Cosey had an affirmative
    duty to substitute a party of interest within 90 days of the Administratrix’
    suggestion of death being filed with the court.
    11. If there was an excusable delay in filing a substitution of parties, the
    responsibility for establishing same fell on Counsel of record for Geneva
    Casey, Nathan Pride.
    12. That the Court should therefore grant Movant’s Motion to Dismiss.
    13. That the Court should furthermore enter the prayed for default judgment
    against the Respondent, Geneva Cosey, and declare Movant, Sheila
    Morgan, to be the sole lawful owner of the real property located at 135
    Dunn Lane, Hickory Valley, Tennessee 38042.
    On October 8, 2019, a notice of appeal was filed. The notice of appeal states, in
    relevant part:
    Notice is hereby given the Respondent, Geneva Cosey, deceased, named
    above, hereby appeals to the Court of Appeals from the final judgment
    entered in this action on the 16th day of September, 2019.
    In the heading of the notice of appeal, the “Respondent” is listed as:
    GENEVA COSEY, DECEASED and
    ELOISE COSEY as next of kin
    for Respondent
    -6-
    The notice of appeal is signed by attorney Matthew Edwards. One day after the notice of
    appeal was filed, on October 9, 2019, Mr. Edwards entered a document titled “Entry of
    Appearance,” which states, “Comes now, Matthew C. Edwards and enters his appearance
    as attorney of record on behalf of the Respondents, Geneva Cosey (Deceased) and her
    daughter, Elo[is]e Cosey in this cause.”
    On January 16, 2020, Ms. Morgan filed a motion to dismiss the appeal, wherein she
    argued, inter alia, that the “appeal should . . . be dismissed for the lack of standing of the
    individuals bringing this appeal. Appellant is identified as Geneva Cosey. However,
    Cosey died . . . on December 21, 2018, ten (10) months before the Notice of Appeal was
    filed.” By order of January 30, 2020, this Court denied the motion to dismiss the appeal,
    stating, in relevant part:
    As for the . . . claim of lack of standing, the record in this appeal has not yet
    been filed and therefore this Court is unable to properly review at this time
    the entirety of the standing issue raised in the unverified motion to dismiss.
    The issue of whether the party or parties who brought the appeal have
    standing, or whether a substitution of parties is needed, would best be
    addressed as an issue on appeal after the record has been filed and briefing
    is completed.
    Having now reviewed the entire record in this case, we conclude that the notice of
    appeal is ineffective to confer jurisdiction over the appeal to this Court. Specifically,
    Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 19(a) provides that
    [i]f a party entitled to appeal shall die before filing notice of appeal, notice
    of appeal shall be filed and served by the deceased party’s personal
    representative or, if there is no such personal representative, by the
    deceased party’s counsel of record within the time prescribed in these rules.
    It is undisputed that Geneva Cosey died on December 21, 2018, more than nine
    months before the notice of appeal was filed on October 8, 2019. As set out above, the
    notice of appeal was styled “Geneva Cosey, Deceased and Eloise Cosey as next of kin.”
    The notice of appeal was signed by Mr. Edwards. There is no indication that Eloise
    Cosey was her mother’s personal representative at the time of the filing of the notice of
    appeal. Furthermore, at the time of Geneva Cosey’s death, her attorney of record was
    Nathan Pride. There is no indication that Mr. Edwards represented Geneva Cosey at any
    point in this case. Moreover, Mr. Edwards did not file a notice of appearance until one
    day after the notice of appeal was filed.
    In Dry v. Steele, No. E2013-00291-COA-R3-CV, 
    2014 WL 295777
     at *1 (Tenn. Ct.
    App. Jan. 28, 2014), this Court addressed a similar situation. In Dry,
    -7-
    [t]he plaintiff, a licensed attorney, filed this pro se third party action two
    weeks before his death on May 17, 2012. The defendants filed a suggestion
    of death under Tenn. R. Civ. P. 25.01. When no motion for substitution
    was filed during the prescribed time period, the defendants filed a motion to
    dismiss. At the hearing on the motion, the decedent’s surviving spouse,
    who had practiced law with him, appeared by telephone and informed the
    trial court that she was not a party and was not representing the decedent or
    his estate with respect to the plaintiff’s third party complaint. Despite these
    representations, she asserted that the court should hear her argument as to
    why her late husband's action should not be dismissed. The trial court
    dismissed the action for failure to timely seek substitution of party, and also
    granted defendants’ motion for judgment on the pleadings. The surviving
    spouse filed a notice of appeal.
    This Court dismissed the appeal concluding that
    [a]t the time of the trial court’s entry of final judgment, Ms. Dry did not
    have authority or standing to file a notice of appeal. As already discussed,
    she was not a party to the action, nor did she represent Dr. Dry. Because the
    estate had not been opened, there was no estate to be represented and Ms.
    Dry clearly told the court that she did not represent his estate. We are of
    the opinion that Ms. Dry’s entry of a notice of appearance as counsel for
    Dr. Dry, filed with the trial court on January 14, 2013, was ineffective and
    did not provide her authority to file a notice of appeal on his behalf. It is
    obvious that a lawyer cannot unilaterally create an attorney-client
    relationship with a deceased person. Furthermore, 
    Tenn. Code Ann. § 30-1
    -
    101 provides that “[n]o person shall presume to enter upon the
    administration of any deceased person's estate until the person has obtained
    letters of administration or letters testamentary.” This had not been done at
    the time of the final judgment.
    
    2014 WL 295777
     at *6. The same is true here. There is no evidence that an estate was
    opened for Geneva Cosey much less that her daughter, Eloise Cosey, obtained letters of
    administration or letters testamentary so as to represent her mother in a lawsuit to which
    Eloise Cosey was not a party. 
    Tenn. Code Ann. §30-1-101
    . Furthermore, there is no
    evidence that Mr. Edwards ever represented Geneva Cosey in these proceedings. As
    noted in Dry, “[i]t is obvious that a lawyer cannot unilaterally create an attorney-client
    relationship with a deceased person.” 
    Id.
     As such, Mr. Edward’s “entry of appearance,”
    was not only untimely (as it was filed after the notice of appeal was filed), it was also
    ineffective as a matter of law to establish any attorney-client relationship with Geneva
    Cosey. Because the notice of appeal fails to meet the mandatory requirements set out in
    Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 19(a), we dismiss the appeal.
    -8-
    In the posture of Appellee, the Estate asks this Court to award attorney’s fees and
    costs for frivolous appeal under Tennessee Code Annotated section 27-1-122, which
    provides:
    When it appears to any reviewing court that the appeal from any court of
    record was frivolous or taken solely for delay, the court may, either upon
    motion of a party or of its own motion, award just damages against the
    appellant, which may include but need not be limited to, costs, interest on
    the judgment, and expenses incurred by the appellee as a result of the
    appeal.
    The decision whether to award damages for a frivolous appeal rests solely in this Court’s
    discretion. Chiozza v. Chiozza, 
    315 S.W.3d 482
    , 493 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2009). “A
    frivolous appeal is one that is ‘devoid of merit,’ or one in which there is little prospect
    that it can ever succeed.” Indus. Dev. Bd. v. Hancock, 
    901 S.W.2d 382
    , 385 (Tenn. Ct.
    App. 1995). We conclude that this appeal is not so devoid of merit as to characterize it as
    frivolous. Accordingly, we exercise our discretion to decline damages for frivolous
    appeal.
    For the foregoing reasons, the appeal is dismissed. Appellee’s motion for attorney’s
    fees and costs is denied, and the case is remanded for such further proceedings as may be
    necessary and are consistent with this opinion. Costs of the appeal are assessed to the
    putative appellant, Eloise Cosey, for all of which execution may issue if necessary.
    s/ Kenny Armstrong
    KENNY ARMSTRONG, JUDGE
    -9-
    

Document Info

Docket Number: W2019-01818-COA-R3-CV

Judges: Judge Kenny Armstrong

Filed Date: 12/15/2020

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 12/15/2020