Jacinto Machic v. Chrissy M. Machic ( 2018 )

03/23/2018
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
March 13, 2018 Session
JACINTO MACHIC V. CHRISSY M. MACHIC
Appeal from the Probate and Family Court for Cumberland County
No. 2016-PF-5150 Larry Michael Warner, Judge
No. E2017-01477-COA-R3-CV
This appeal arises from a final decree of divorce. Mother appeals, contending the trial
court erred in designating Father as the Primary Residential Parent and awarding the
majority of parenting time to Father; she also challenges the division of the martial
property. Because the trial court made no findings of fact and the statement of the
evidence is inadequate, we have determined that we cannot conduct an appropriate
appellate review of the issues raised. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is
vacated and this matter is remanded for the trial court to, inter alia, comply with the
mandate in Tenn. R. Civ. P. 52.01, which states that “the [trial] court shall find the facts
specially and shall state separately its conclusions of law and direct the entry of the
appropriate judgment.”
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Probate
and Family Court Vacated and Remanded
FRANK G. CLEMENT JR., P.J., M.S. delivered the opinion of the Court, in which D.
MICHAEL SWINEY, C.J., AND THOMAS R. FRIERSON II, J., joined.
Paige Coleman, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Chrissy M. Machic.
Kevin R. Bryant, Crossville, Tennessee, for the appellee, Jacinto Machic.
OPINION
On July 6, 2016, Jacinto Machic (“Father”) filed for divorce against Chrissy
Machic (“Mother”) on the grounds of inappropriate martial conduct. A trial on this matter
was held on June 5, 2017. The trial court entered a Final Decree of Divorce and a
Permanent Parenting Plan on June 27, 2017.
The Final Decree of Divorce contains no findings of fact or conclusions of law and
there is no transcript of the evidence because there was no court reporter present at trial.
There is, however, a statement of the evidence which reads as follows:
As there was no court reporter present there is no transcript provided of the
testimony. The recollection of Appellee’s counsel and Appellee is that the
Husband testified regarding the length of time that the parties were married
and the birth of the parties’ children. There was testimony regarding the
Wife’s extramarital affair where during those times she had left the children
in the care of the Father. The Father also testified that he had been primarily
caring for the children. The Husband testified regarding the real property of
the parties as well as personalty. There does not appear to be a big
discrepancy regarding the parties’ testimony of the real and personal
property. The Wife’s testimony admitted that she differed from the
Husband regarding primary care of the children and there was testimony
regarding the real and personal property that was similar to the Husband’s
testimony. The Wife admitted to at least one (1) extramarital affair during
the time of the marriage. Counsel made closing arguments and stated the
reasons for their respective requests. Following closing arguments, the
Court then made its final ruling which was incorporated into the Order
which is a part of the appellate record. There was no request made by the
Defendant/Appellant for findings of fact and no request for conclusions of
law and no request for any clarification made at any time by the
Defendant/Appellant.
This appeal followed. Mother contends the trial court erred in designating Father
as the Primary Residential Parent and awarding the majority of parenting time to Father.
She also challenges the division of the martial assets and an evidentiary ruling related to
Father’s fitness as a parent.
ANALYSIS
Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 52.01 reads as follows:
Rule 52.01: Findings Required.
In all actions tried upon the facts without a jury, the court shall find the
facts specially and shall state separately its conclusions of law and direct
the entry of the appropriate judgment. The findings of a master, to the
extent that the court adopts them, shall be considered as the findings of the
court. If an opinion or memorandum of decision is filed, it will be sufficient
if the findings of fact and conclusions of law appear therein. Findings of
fact and conclusions of law are unnecessary on decisions of motions under
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Rule 12 or 56 or any other motion except as provided in Rules 41.02 and
65.04(6).
This case was tried without a jury, and in cases where the action is “tried upon the
facts without a jury,” Tenn. R. Civ. P. 52.01 provides that the trial court “shall find the
facts specially and shall state separately its conclusions of law and direct the entry of the
appropriate judgment.” (emphasis added).
The underlying rationale for the Rule 52.01 mandate is that it facilitates appellate
review by “affording a reviewing court a clear understanding of the basis of a trial court’s
decision,” and enhances the authority of the trial court’s decision in the absence of
findings of fact and conclusions of law; without which “this court is left to wonder on
what basis the court reached its ultimate decision.” In re Estate of Oakley, No. M2014-
00341-COA-R3-CV, 2015 WL 572747, at *10 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 10, 2015) (citing
Lovlace v. Copley, 418 S.W.3d 1, 35 (Tenn. 2013)). Further, compliance with the
mandate of Rule 52.01 affords the reviewing court a clear understanding of the basis of
the trial court’s reasoning. Gooding v. Gooding, 477 S.W.3d 774, 782 (Tenn. Ct. App.
2015); In re Zaylen R., No. M2003-00367-COA-R3-JV, 2005 WL 2384703, at *2 (Tenn.
Ct. App. Sept. 27, 2005).
Requiring trial courts to make findings of fact and conclusions of law is
generally viewed by courts as serving three purposes. First, findings and
conclusions facilitate appellate review by affording a reviewing court a
clear understanding of the basis of a trial court’s decision. Second, findings
and conclusions also serve “to make definite precisely what is being
decided by the case in order to apply the doctrines of estoppel and res
judicata in future cases and promote confidence in the trial judge’s
decision-making.” A third function served by the requirement is “to evoke
care on the part of the trial judge in ascertaining and applying the facts.”
Indeed, by clearly expressing the reasons for its decision, the trial court
may well decrease the likelihood of an appeal.
Lovlace v. Copley, 418 S.W.3d 1, 34-35 (Tenn. 2013) (internal citations and footnotes
omitted).
In general, when a trial court fails to explain the factual basis for its decisions
pursuant to Rule 52.01, the appropriate remedy is to “vacate the trial court’s judgment
and remand the cause to the trial court for written findings of fact and conclusions of
law.” Manning v. Manning, 474 S.W.3d 252, 260 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2015) (quoting Lake v.
Haynes, No. W2010–00294–COA–R3–CV, 2011 WL 2361563, at *1 (Tenn. Ct. App.
June 9, 2011)). However, when faced with a trial court’s failure to make specific
findings, this court has previously held that the appellate courts may “soldier on” when
the case involves only a clear legal issue, or when the court’s decision is “readily
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ascertainable.” Simpson v. Fowler, No. W2011-02112-COA-R3-CV, 2012 WL 3675321,
at *4 (Tenn. Ct. App. Aug. 28, 2012) (internal citations omitted). This is not a case in
which we may “soldier on” because the statement of the evidence is inadequate.
Therefore, we must vacate the judgment and remand this case so that the trial judge may
make the required findings of fact and conclusions of law and direct the entry of the
appropriate judgment.
IN CONCLUSION
The judgment of the trial court is vacated, and this matter is remanded for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion. Costs of appeal are assessed against the parties
equally.
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FRANK G. CLEMENT JR., P.J., M.S.
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