Brown, Linda v. Nissan North America , 2018 TN WC 138 ( 2018 )


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  •                                                                                            FILED
    Sep 04, 2018
    08:34 AM(CT)
    TENNESSEE COURT OF
    WORKERS' COMPENSATION
    CLAIMS
    TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION
    IN THE COURT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS
    AT NASHVILLE
    Linda Brown,                                       )   Docket No. 2018-06-0222
    Employee,                             )
    v.                                                 )
    Nissan North America,                              )   State File No. 94104-2016
    Employer,                             )
    And                                                )
    Safety Nat'l Cas. Corp.,                           )   Judge Kenneth M. Switzer
    Carrier.                              )
    EXPEDITED HEARING ORDER DENYING REQUESTED RELIEF
    Linda Brown filed a Request for Expedited Hearing seeking medical and
    temporary disability benefits, which the Court heard on August 29, 2018. 1 The present
    focus of this case is whether Ms. Brown suffered an injury arising primarily out of and in
    the course and scope of her employment with Nissan North America. A medical opinion
    is necessary to answer this question. Because no medical expert gave that opinion, at this
    time the Court denies her requests?
    History of Claim
    On Friday, December 2, 2016, while assigned to the afternoon shift, Ms. Brown
    worked on the battery pack assembly line at Nissan loading rear stacks. The task
    involved repeated overhead pulling. While pulling down a pack, she felt sudden pain on
    1
    Permanent partial disability benefits is also checked as an issue on the Dispute Certification Notice.
    This issue will be heard at the final compensation hearing.
    2
    Ms. Brown additionally filed a Petition for Benefit Determination (Docket No. 2018-06-0221) regarding
    alleged injuries to her low back suffered on February 17, 2017. Both parties filed multiple documents
    using both docket numbers. The Court did not consolidate these cases because they involved different
    questions of fact and allegations of injuries to different body parts on different days. See Seals v.
    England/Corsair Upholstery Mfg. Co., 
    984 S.W.2d 912
    , 916 (Tenn. 1999). However, for the parties'
    convenience, the Court heard both cases on the same day. Further, for ease of reference, the Court
    combined all admissible medical records into one exhibit (Exhibit 2) for both cases.
    the right side of her neck and shoulder. Ms. Brown did not tell a supervisor about the
    incident because they were on a "skeleton crew," and no one was available. Since her
    shift was almost over, Ms. Brown thought the pain would resolve with rest over the
    weekend.
    On Sunday, while eating dinner, Ms. Brown felt sudden numbness in her right
    side, shoulder and arm. Believing she might be suffering a heart attack or stroke, she
    went to the Summit Medical Center emergency room. A CT scan of the cervical spine
    revealed "(s]evere multilevel degenerative changes." The history states:
    Neck pain with right shoulder & arm numbness that keeps recurring, worse
    while shopping today, became bad yesterday. Works at Nissan, laboring
    with arms above her head alot [sic]. Has a long history of milder
    intermittent LEFT sided symptoms, neck to arm: but has not had right side
    symptoms, nor symptoms this bad.
    (Emphasis in original.) Summit providers assigned restrictions and discharged Ms.
    Brown. At the hearing, Ms. Brown disputed that her sudden numbness occurred while
    shopping.
    The following day, Ms. Brown returned to work and gave the restrictions to her
    supervisor. Nissan offered a panel. She chose the onsite provider, Premise Health.
    At her first visit on December 5, she saw nurse practitioner Carley McCloskey.
    Ms. McCloskey noted a longer history of neck and right-shoulder pain as well as Ms.
    Brown's use of over-the-counter medications. Ms. Brown explained at the hearing that
    she took the medications for aches and pains for conditions including plantar fasciitis and
    bone spurs. 3 Ms. McCloskey concluded that the injury was "unlikely work-related due to
    findings on CT."
    The next day, Dr. Gilbert Woodall at Premise assessed the cause of Ms. Brown's
    ailments as "primarily idiopathic." At a follow-up on December 13, Dr. Woodall noted
    she "obtained CT at ER showing multiple level degenerative changes to account for her
    current symptoms." Nissan denied the claim based on Dr. Woodall's opinion.
    Ms. Brown's pain in her neck and shoulders persisted, so she sought treatment on
    her own at Tennessee Orthopedic Alliance. At her first visit on March 6, 2017, physician
    assistant Michael Gaston concluded, "I think the disc degeneration is chronic, but I think
    3
    On cross-examination, Nissan identified other instances in the medical records where providers noted
    that Ms. Brown said she experienced pain before the alleged date of injury. With every instance, Ms.
    Brown gave a similar explanation: she suffered minor aches and pains due to the physical nature of her
    job. The Court declines to recount every discrepancy between the records and her testimony on this point
    because she offered plausible explanations.
    2
    the radicular pain down the right arm with the numbness did indeed happen due to a work
    injury and I would classify this as a Work Comp case[.]" He diagnosed degenerative
    cervical disc, radiculopathy of the cervical region, and impingement syndrome of the
    right and left shoulders. Ms. Brown underwent several months of conservative care with
    Mr. Gaston, Dr. Juris Shibyama and Dr. Robert Greenberg. Dr. Greenberg diagnosed
    osteoarthritis in both shoulders, "left greater than right."
    Ms. Brown obtained a second opinion on her shoulders at Vanderbilt. Dr. Jaron
    Sullivan diagnosed bilateral end-stage shoulder osteoarthritis. She also saw Dr. N. K.
    Singh, who diagnosed degenerative disc disease, cervical spine and cervical radiculitis.
    At a September 7 follow-up with Dr. Sullivan, he noted that her shoulder osteoarthritis is
    "exacerbated by her job."
    Ultimately, Ms. Brown came under the unauthorized care of Dr. Margaret
    MacGregor. The April 6, 2018 notes from her first visit provide a similar history of the
    December 2, 2016 injury that Ms. Brown offered at trial. Dr. MacGregor noted "work
    accident, while lifting a heavy object." She concluded that Ms. Brown failed
    conservative treatment and recommended an anterior cervical decompression and fusion.
    Dr. MacGregor performed the procedure in April 2018 and listed her final diagnoses as
    cervical radiculopathy, spondylosis and myelopathy; back and neck pain; and
    osteoarthritis.
    Ms. Brown, who represents herself, sent Dr. MacGregor a letter seeking
    clarification of her opinion on causation. The letter quotes Tennessee Code Annotated
    section 50-6-102(14)(A)-(E), the definition of "injury" in the Workers' Compensation
    Law, but it does not ask questions applying the definition to her condition. Dr.
    MacGregor checked "yes" after each quoted subsection without elaboration; see Ex. 2 at
    145-146.
    Ms. Brown testified she has been off work receiving short-term and long-term
    disability benefits. Shortly after her disability benefits began, Nissan terminated her.
    Ms. Brown continues seeing Dr. MacGregor. She asked the Court to order further
    treatment with Dr. MacGregor and reimbursement of past out-of-pocket medical bills.
    Ms. Brown also requested temporary total disability benefits. 4
    Nissan countered that she did not suffer an injury in the course and scope of
    employment. It questioned whether her need for treatment was due to a preexisting
    condition, or alternatively occurred while shopping. Nissan also argued that the
    authorized treating physician, Dr. Woodall, concluded the alleged neck and shoulder
    4
    Ms. Brown testified that she loved her job at Nissan and wants to return to work once she heals. The
    Court infers that she additionally sought an order that Nissan reinstate her employment. However, this
    Court's jurisdiction is limited only to workers' compensation. See Tenn. Code Ann.§ 50-6-238(a)(3).
    3
    injury was not primarily work-related. His opinion is presumed correct, and none of the
    physicians Ms. Brown saw afterward rebutted the presumption.
    Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
    To prevail at an expedited hearing, Ms. Brown must provide sufficient evidence to
    show she would likely prevail at a hearing on the merits. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-
    239(d)(1) (2017).
    Resolution of the present issue turns on whether Ms. Brown suffered an injury as
    defined in the statute. The Workers' Compensation Law defines an injury as "an injury
    by accident ... arising primarily out of and in the course and scope of employment, that
    causes ... the need for medical treatment." For an injury to be accidental, it must be
    "caused by a specific incident, or set of incidents, arising primarily out of and in the
    course and scope of employment, and (be J identifiable by time and place of
    occurrence[.]" See Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-1 02( 14 ). An injury occurs in the course of
    employment if it takes place while the employee was performing a duty he or she was
    employed to perform. Hosford v. Red Rover Preschool, 2014 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd.
    LEXIS 1, at *19-20 (Oct. 2, 2014). The "course of employment" requirement focuses on
    the time, place; and circumstances of the injury. !d. at 20. In contrast, an injury "arises
    out of employment" when there is a causal connection between the conditions under
    which the work is required to be performed and the resulting injury. !d.
    Here, Nissan argued that Ms. Brown did not suffer an injury arising out of and in
    the course and scope of her employment. It relied on the Summit notes that state the
    injury occurred "while shopping" and other references in the records stating her onset of
    pain was months before the alleged date of injury. Nissan further pointed out that Ms.
    Brown did not report an injury on December 2.
    The Court is unpersuaded. Ms. Brown testified she felt the sudden onset of pain in
    her neck and right shoulder on December 2 while pulling down on a battery pack near the
    completion of her afternoon shift. The Court observed Ms. Brown's demeanor and finds
    her credible. She appeared calm, at ease, self-assured, steady, confident, forthcoming,
    reasonable . and honest, which are indicia of witness credibility. See Kelly v. Kelly, 
    445 S.W.3d 685
    , 694-695 (Tenn. 2014). Moreover, Ms. Brown never wavered in her
    description of the mechanism of injury even under rigorous cross-examination.
    Ms. Brown offered sufficient detail regarding how she suffered injury as well as
    the date and approximate time. Further, her testimony mirrors the history of injury she
    gave to Dr. MacGregor. She adequately described an injury caused by heavy overhead
    pulling while operating Nissan's machinery. As noted previously, the Court finds it
    entirely plausible that Ms. Brown suffered minor aches and pains before December 2,
    given the physicality of her job. Moreover, the Court accepts her testimony that she did
    4
    not tell providers at Summit that she went shopping on December 3. Likewise, Ms.
    Brown offered a satisfactory explanation for waiting to report the injury. She worked a
    "skeleton crew," and her workday was nearly over. Thus, the Court holds Ms. Brown is
    likely to prevail at a hearing on the merits that she suffered an injury arising in the course
    and scope of her employment.
    This does not end the analysis. The Workers' Compensation Law also requires
    that, for the Court to find Ms. Brown suffered a compensable injury, she must also show
    "to a reasonable degree of medical certainty that [the employment] contributed more than
    fifty percent (50%) in causing the ... need for medical treatment, considering all causes,"
    and that, "in the opinion of the physician, it is more likely than not, considering all
    causes, as opposed to speculation or possibility." Further, the opinion of the treating
    physician selected from a panel "shall be presumed correct on the issue of causation but
    this presumption shall be rebuttable by a preponderance of the evidence." See Tenn.
    Code Ann. § 50-6-102(14)(C)-(E).
    Applying these standards, Nissan argued that the authorized treating physician, Dr.
    Woodall, concluded that Ms. Brown's injury is not work-related. Specifically, he
    characterized her neck pain as "primarily idiopathic" and noted the CT scan showed
    "multiple level degenerative changes to account for her current symptoms." Dr.
    Woodall's opinion is unambiguous. While he did not·use the precise wording of the
    statutory definition of a compensable injury to conclude that Ms. Brown's neck injury
    was not primarily work-related, he does not need to do so. See Panzarella v.
    Amazon.com, Inc., 2017 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 30, at *13-15 (May 15, 2017)
    (a physician may gave an opinion that meets the legal standard provided in section 50-6-
    102( 14) without stating the opinion in a "rigid recitation of the statutory definition.").
    In contrast, none of the unauthorized providers offered causation opinions that
    satisfy the legal standard set forth in Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-102(14).
    Physician assistant Michael Gaston concluded that Ms. Brown's "radicular pain down the
    right arm with the numbness did indeed happen due to a work injury and I would classify
    this as a Work Comp case[.]" However, a physician assistant is not qualified to offer an
    opinion on causation. See Dorsey v. Amazon.com, Inc., 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd.
    LEXIS 13, *9-10 (May 14, 2015) ("The opinion of the nurse practitioner ... did not and
    could not provide a valid basis for denial of the claim based on causation."). Further, the
    Court acknowledges that Dr. MacGregor wrote an initial evaluation that Ms. Brown
    suffered a "work accident, while lifting heavy object." This notation is not clearly a
    statement of opinion. Dr. MacGregor's responses to Ms. Brown's causation letter imply
    that she might think the injury is work-related. This, however, is speculation.
    At this time, the Court finds that Dr. MacGregor's notes and answers to questions
    in a letter do not rebut the presumption of correctness the statute affords to Dr. Woodall's
    optmon. Therefore, Ms. Brown has not presented sufficient evidence from which this
    5
    Court may conclude that she is likely to prevail at a hearing on the merits. In light of this
    conclusion, the Court need not address the request for temporary disability benefits.
    IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED as follows:
    1. The Court denies the requested relief at this time.
    2. This matter is set for a Scheduling Hearing on November 5, 2018, at 2:15 p.m.
    Central. You must call 615-532-9552 or toll-free at 866-943-0025 to participate
    in the hearing. Failure to call may result in a determination of the issues without
    your participation.
    ENTERED September 4, 2018.
    6
    APPENDIX
    Exhibits:
    1.   Affidavit of Linda Brown
    2.    Composite medical records
    3.   First Report of Injury
    4.    Choice of Physician form
    5.   Wage statement
    6.    Notice of Denial
    7.   Affidavit of Sheila Taylor
    Technical record:
    1. Petition for Benefit Determination
    2. Employer's Pre-Mediation Statement
    3. Dispute Certification Notice (with employer's additional issues)
    4. Request for Expedited Hearing
    5. Employer's Response to Request for Expedited Hearing
    6. Employer's Motion to Quash
    CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
    I certify that a copy of the Expedited Hearing Order was sent to these recipients by
    the following methods of service on September 4, 2018.
    Name                        Certified Via         Via     Service sent to:
    Mail      Fax         Email
    Linda Brown,                    X                         6441 Paddington Way
    Employee                                                  Antioch TN 37013
    Stephen Morton,                                     X     Ste:Qhen.morton@mgclaw.com;
    Employer's Attorney                                       Amber.dennis@mgclaw.com
    ~Uk-- ~
    Pe     n~'m, Clerk of Court
    Court of ~ orkers' Compensation Claims
    WC.CourtClerk@tn.gov
    7
    Expedited Hearing Order Right to Appeal:
    If you disagree with this Expedited Hearing Order, you may appeal to the Workers’
    Compensation Appeals Board. To appeal an expedited hearing order, you must:
    1. Complete the enclosed form entitled: “Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal,” and file the
    form with the Clerk of the Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims within seven
    business days of the date the expedited hearing order was filed. When filing the Notice
    of Appeal, you must serve a copy upon all parties.
    2. You must pay, via check, money order, or credit card, a $75.00 filing fee within ten
    calendar days after filing of the Notice of Appeal. Payments can be made in-person at
    any Bureau office or by U.S. mail, hand-delivery, or other delivery service. In the
    alternative, you may file an Affidavit of Indigency (form available on the Bureau’s
    website or any Bureau office) seeking a waiver of the fee. You must file the fully-
    completed Affidavit of Indigency within ten calendar days of filing the Notice of
    Appeal. Failure to timely pay the filing fee or file the Affidavit of Indigency will
    result in dismissal of the appeal.
    3. You bear the responsibility of ensuring a complete record on appeal. You may request
    from the court clerk the audio recording of the hearing for a $25.00 fee. If a transcript of
    the proceedings is to be filed, a licensed court reporter must prepare the transcript and file
    it with the court clerk within ten business days of the filing the Notice of
    Appeal. Alternatively, you may file a statement of the evidence prepared jointly by both
    parties within ten business days of the filing of the Notice of Appeal. The statement of
    the evidence must convey a complete and accurate account of the hearing. The Workers’
    Compensation Judge must approve the statement before the record is submitted to the
    Appeals Board. If the Appeals Board is called upon to review testimony or other proof
    concerning factual matters, the absence of a transcript or statement of the evidence can be
    a significant obstacle to meaningful appellate review.
    4. If you wish to file a position statement, you must file it with the court clerk within ten
    business days after the deadline to file a transcript or statement of the evidence. The
    party opposing the appeal may file a response with the court clerk within ten business
    days after you file your position statement. All position statements should include: (1) a
    statement summarizing the facts of the case from the evidence admitted during the
    expedited hearing; (2) a statement summarizing the disposition of the case as a result of
    the expedited hearing; (3) a statement of the issue(s) presented for review; and (4) an
    argument, citing appropriate statutes, case law, or other authority.
    For self-represented litigants: Help from an Ombudsman is available at 800-332-2667.
    Filed Date Stamp Here                     EXPEDITED HEARING NOTICE OF APPEAL
    Tennessee Division of Workers' Compensation
    Docket#: - - - -- -- - --
    www.tn.go v/labor-wfd/wcomp.shtm l
    State File #/YR: - - -- - - --
    wc.courtclerk@tn.gov
    1-800-332-2667                       RFA#: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ _
    Date of Injury: - - - -- - - - -
    SSN: _______ _ ______ __
    Employee
    Employer and Carrier
    Notice
    Noticeisg~enthat _ _ _ _ _ _ _``--````---``~--------~
    [List name(s) of all appealing party(ies) on separate sheet if necessary]
    appeals the order(s) of the Court of Workers' Compensation Claims at _ __
    -``~-----````````-to the Workers' Compensation Appeals Board .
    [List the date(s) the order(s) was filed in the court clerk's office]
    Judge___________________________________________
    Statement of the Issues
    Provide a short and plain statement of the issues on appeal or basis for relief on appeal:
    Additional Information
    Type of Case [Check the most appropriate item]
    D   Temporary disability benefits
    D   Medical benefits for current injury
    D   Medical benefits under prior order issued by the Court
    List of Parties
    Appellant (Requesting Party): _____________ .A t Hearing: DEmployer DEmployee
    Address:. _______________________ ______________ ___________
    Party's Phone:.____________________________ Email: _________________________
    Attorney's Name:________________________________ ___ BPR#: - - - - - - - - - - - -
    Attorney's Address:. _ _ _ _ _``-````----``----                                             Phone:
    Attorney's City, State & Zip code: _____________________ ___________ _ _ _ __ _
    Attorney's Email :_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
    *Attach an additional sheet for each additional Appellant*
    LB-1099    rev.4/15                                        Page 1 of 2                                                     RDA 11082
    Employee Name: - - - -- - - -- - - -              SF#: _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ DO l: _ __             _ __
    Aopellee(s)
    Appellee (Opposing Party): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.At Hearing: OEmployer DEmployee
    Appellee's Address: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    Appellee's Phone:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.Email:_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __
    Attorney's Name:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ BPR#: - - - - - - - -
    Attorney's Address:._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Phone:
    Attorney's City, State & Zip code: - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -
    Attorney's Email:._ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
    * Attach an additional sheet for each additional Appellee *
    CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
    I,                                             certify that I have forwarded a true and exact copy of this
    Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal by First Class, United States Mail, postage prepaid, to all parties
    and/or their attorneys in this case in accordance with Rule 0800-02-22.01(2) of the Tennessee Rules of
    Board of Workers' Compensation Appeals on this the              day of__, 20_ .
    [Signature of appellant or attorney for appellant]
    LB-1099   rev.4/1S                                Page 2 of 2                              RDA 11082
    .
    ll                                                                                                                 .I
    Tennessee Bureau of Workers' Compensation
    220 French Landing Drive, 1-B
    Nashville, TN 37243-1002
    800-332-2667
    AFFIDAVIT OF INDIGENCY
    I,                                                , having been duly sworn according to law, make oath that
    because of my poverty, I am unable to bear the costs of this appeal and request that the filing fee to appeal be
    waived. The following facts support my poverty.
    1. Full Name:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __                      2. Address: - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    3. Telephone Number: - - - - - - - - -                   4. Date of Birth: - - - - - - - - - - -
    5. Names and Ages of All Dependents:
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Relationship: - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Relationship: - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -                 Relationship: - - - - - - - - - - - --
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Relationship: - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    6. I am employed by: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , -
    My employer's address is: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    My employer's phone number is: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    7. My present monthly household income, after federal income and social security taxes are deducted, is:
    $ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
    8. I receive or expect to receive money from the following sources:
    AFDC            $            per month           beginning
    SSI             $            per month           beginning
    Retirement      $            per month           beginning
    Disability      $            per month           beginning
    Unemployment $               per month           beginning
    Worker's Camp.$              per month           beginning
    Other           $            per month           beginning
    LB-1108 (REV 11/15)                                                                               RDA 11082
    9. My expenses are: ' ;                                                     !•
    '
    Rent/House Payment $              per month     Medical/Dental $            per month
    Groceries         $         per month           Telephone       $           per month
    Electricity       $         per month           School Supplies $           per month
    Water             $         per month           Clothing        $           per month
    Gas               $         per month           Child Care      $           per month
    Transportation $            per month           Child Support   $           per month
    Car               $          per month
    Other             $         per month (describe:
    10. Assets:
    Automobile              $ _ _ __ _
    (FMV) -    - - - - -- - - -
    Checking/Savings Acct. $ _ _ _ __
    House                   $ _ _ _ __
    (FMV) - - -- - - -- - -
    )
    Other                   $ _ _ _ __              Describe:_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __
    11. My debts are:
    Amount Owed                     To Whom
    I hereby declare under the penalty of perjury that the foregoing answers are true, correct, and complete
    and that I am financially unable to pay the costs of this appeal.
    APPELLANT
    Sworn and subscribed before me, a notary public, this
    _ _ _ dayof _____________ ,20____
    NOTARY PUBLIC
    My Commission Expires:_ _ _ _ _ __ _
    LB-1108 (REV 11/15)                                                                         RDA 11082
    

Document Info

Docket Number: 2018-06-0222

Citation Numbers: 2018 TN WC 138

Judges: Kenneth M. Switzer

Filed Date: 9/4/2018

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 4/17/2021