Vickery v. Ward , 2 Tex. 212 ( 1847 )

Mr, Justice Lipscomb

delivered the opinion of the court.

This was an action brought by the appellant, by petition and summons, against the appellee, to try the right to a slave levied on by an execution, in favor of the appellee, against one Tarpley. The verdict was in favor of the defendant, finding the slave subject to his execution.

This suit was not brought in conformity to the statutory provisions for trying the right of property, levied on by an execution, and claimed by a third person. That the statutory mode is the most simple, and least expensive, there can be no doubt. And had the defendant in this suit, who was the plaintiff in the execution, taken exceptions to the suit, th4* exception would have been well taken, and would have been sustained, Bennett v. Gamble, Adm’r, 1 Tex. 124; but no exception was taken by the defendant, and his appearing and answering to the action may be considered as waiver of the benefit of the statute. The appellant, who was the plaintiff, thought proper to bring his suit on his claim, and if not objected to by the other party, lie could not object. The cdurt having jurisdiction of the subject matter, it is believed to have been competent for it to sustain the proceedings adopted by the choice of the parties.

The only point made by the appellant, in seeking to reverse the judgment, conceived to be at all material, is a part of the charge of the judge to the jury. It is in the following words:

“ That if the jury believed from the testimony that Yickery purchased, in good faith, from Tarpley’s agent, before levy made by the sheriff, they must find for him,” which was given with this qualification: “ That if they believed the facts stated by Mr. Jones that there was an agreement in the note that if the negro was not paid for according to the terms of the sale, that he was to be returned by Yickery, or that the vendor retained the right to resume the property, if not paid for according to said terms, that the sale was conditional and not absolute, so as to place it beyond the reach of defendant’s execution.” In this charge given, the judge is supposed to have erred, and been mistaken in the law.

To test the correctness of the charge given we will put this question: Could Tarpley have lawfully taken possession of tbe slave, at the time the levy was made, the execution being out of the way? Or could he have a right at that time to have sued Yickery for withholding him? We suppose now the State of facts on which the judge charged the jury; if Tarpley had at that time no right in law to take the slave, or to sustain a suit for him, the slave was not subject to the execution, because it could not go beyond the right of the defendant in it. Now it will be seen from the record that Jones, in the testimony referred to in the charge of the judge, testified that he, as agent for Tarpley, sold the slave for five hundred dollars to Yickery, and took his note for payment some time in the month of July, then next following; that in the note there is an agreement by the said Yickery that if the note was not paid at maturity he would return the negro. The evidence shows that the sale by the agent of Tarpley was on the 5th of February, 1844, and the execution was levied on the day following. The condition for the delivery of the negro depended on the non-payment of the money at the maturity of the note, which was not until some four months after the time when execution was levied. If the sale was a hona fide transaction, Tarpley had no right to the negro until the happening of the failure to pay the note. The sale was perfect, so far as depended on him. The election was not left with him to take back the slave if he should choose to do so, in preference to taking the money. If such had been the conditions, the ownership would not have been changed. The condition and the performance was, however, with Yickery. He could rescind the sale and return the slave, and he promised to do so, or to pay the money.

To put it in the strongest aspect for Tarpley, it was nothing more than a sale with a mortgage, and no right would accrue under the mortgage until the failure to pay the money it was intended to secure. . Until then he could not resume his right of property in the slave, no more than if the payment had been secured by a mortgage on any other slave.

The parties’ rights must be tried as they existed at the time the levy was made, and not at a subsequent period. If the time for the payment of the note had passed and the money not paid, it might then have been contended that the legal right to the negro would have been in Tarpley subsequent to "Vickery’s right of equity of redemption, and would have been subject to an execution against Tarpley. But until the time for payment had passed, it is clear that Tarpley had no right in law to the slave.

If the transaction between the agent of Tarpley and Yickery had been perfectly honest and free from the slightest imputation of fraud, in the opinion of the jury, yet under the charge of the judge on the law of the case, on the point charged, they would have been compelled to find a verdict for the plaintiff in the execution, because the sale contained an agreement to return the slave if the purchase money was not paid when it fell due. The judge, in giving the charge, certainly must have supposed that the time of payment had passed at the date of the levy of execution; if that had been the fact, the charge would have been correct. But that not being the case, the property was not subject to the execution when the levy was made, because Tarpley’s contingent lien could not be levied on. It could, however, have been secured by the plaintiff, by an injunction and petition, enjoining Yickery from paying the money to Tarpley or his agent, and praying that Yickery should be decreed to pay the money, or that the slaves should be sold for the benefit cf the plaintiff in the execution. In proceedings of this sort the rights of both parties could have been secured. The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.