Shipman v. Allee , 29 Tex. 17 ( 1867 )

Willie, J.

A reversal of the judgment in this case is asked, upon the ground that a discontinuance was entered in the court below as to one of the principals upon a promissory note, and judgment at the same time taken against the other principal and the indorser. It is contended by the indorser, who prosecutes this writ of error, that as Rebecca Portis, the party as to whom the discontinuance was taken, was .in court by her plea in abatement, though no process was served upon her, and the notes sued on were joint in their character, a nolle prosequi could not he entered as to her, and judgment rendered against the other principal and the indorser of said promissory notes. It is evident that the suit was dismissed as to Rebecca Portis'because she was a married woman, and not liable to suit upon the notes, which were the foundation of the present action. But it is said in argument that it does not appear from the record that she was a feme covert It is true that it is not so alleged in the petition, but she and her husband, David Y. Portis, in their plea in abatement, filed under oatfi, specially aver it; and their attorney, who also appeared for plaintiff in error, makes affidavit to the fact.

If she were not, in fact, a married woman, the plaintiff in error should have contested the allegations of her plea in abatement in the court helow. It was a question in which he was directly interested, and if he chose to stand by and permit the plaintiff below to confess the allegations of her plea, and act upon the supposition that they were true, he cannot be heard to deny them for the first time in this court. We think that the record sufficiently discloses the fact that Mrs. Portis was, at the time of the execution of the notes, and also at the commencement of this suit, a feme covert, and wife of her co-defendant, David Y. Portis. There is nothing in the record to show that these notes were given upon such consideration as would bind her sejiarate property. Prom all that appears, they were a valid demand against her husband and joint principal, but void as to her. In a suit upon such a contract, at common law, it would neither be necessary nor proper to join the wife with the husband as a co-defendant. (1 Chan. Plead., 50.) Some authorities hold that even under that system, where suit had been improperly instituted against a feme covert, or infant, together with joint contractors who were liable, a discontinuance could be entered as to the former, and judgment at the same term taken against the latter. (Woodward v. Marshall, 1 Pick., 500.) Be this as it may, at common law, under our own system of practice, and the decisions of this court, the rule is well recognized, that where a defendant need not have been joined, and the liability of the defendants is such that an action can be maintained against the others without joining him, the plaintiff may enter a nolle prosequi as to such defendant, and have his judgment against the others. This was expressly decided in the case of Austin & Clapp v. Jordan, 5 Tex., 130. That was an action, it is true, against common carriers, for damages arising from their negligence in transporting goods. The court, however, did not rest their decision upon the eommon-law.distinction between actions ex contractu and those ex delicto, but upon the fact that the party as to whom the discontinuance had been entered was improperly joined as a defendant. This decision has been frequently followed in later opinions delivered by the court, and applied to suits upon joint and several prommissory notes, where all the parties had been served with process. In such cases a dismissal has always been allowed as to one defendant, whilst judgment was rendered up against his co-defendants. (Cook v. Phillips, 18 Tex., 32; Dean v. Duffield, 8 Tex., 237; Horton v.Wheeler, 17 Tex., 55.) And these decisions rest upon the ground that the party as to whom the nolle prosequi was entered was an unnecessary party to the suit. It can make no difference in the present case that the notes sued on are in their terms joint only, and not joint and several. They are in their legal effect nothing more than the contract of David Y. Portis alone. They are invalid as to his wife, and she is therefore not only an unnecessary, but an improper, party to a suit to enforce them, and therefore a discontinuance as to her was properly entered in the court below.

But it is said that upon such dismissal judgment should not have been rendered against the indorser, and we are cited to the case of Look v. Henderson, 4 Tex., 303, in support of the objection. In that case the two principals were equally bound for the payment of the note. In this only one was liable. In that the indorser sustained the same relation to one of the principals that he did to the other. In this case he guarantied the payment of a note which, although signed by. two, he knew could be enforced against one alone. He could not have expected the holder to sue any other party but the one who was bound for the payment of the note, and he could in no event suffer by the discharge of a party who was not originally bound by the contract, and against whom a judgment under any circumstances would have been unauthorized. We are of opinion that there is no error in the judgment of the court ■below, and it is

Aeeirmed.