Blackburn v. State ( 1875 )

Roberts, Chief Justice.

We understand from the bill of exceptions and the recital in the judgment, that the district attorney did not design to dismiss the indictment, but to dictate authoritatively that he would not proceed against and claim a verdict against defendant for the higher grade in the offense, which was capital, and so it seemed to be regarded by the court and the defendant’s counsel. Upon such announcement by the district attorney, with leave of the court granted, he claimed the right, upon the case being reached in the regular call of the docket, to put the defendant upon trial forthwith, against the protest and without the consent of the defendant, there having been no venire issued for jurymen to appear for the trial of that capital case at that day or any other day set.

The defendant claimed to have time to complete an application for a change of venue, which had been written out and sworn to by the defendant, supported by one witness, and expected to be supported by two others a few miles in the country, who had promised to come and join in the affidavit upon being sent for, for which defendant would have had ample time if the' venire had been served on him orie day, or if he had then been allowed half the day to send for them.

The court sustained the action of the district attorney and required the defendant forthwith to go to trial, and he was convicted for an assault with intent to commit rape, it being on an indictment for rape in the ordinary form in one single count.

We do not recognize the right of the district attorney by a motion thus made to suddenly change the whole proceedings in the trial of a capital case, without and against the consent of the defendant, and put the defendant, without notice, upon trial for the minor grade of the oíl'ense; nor can we under the law recognize the right of the District Court to sanction any such proceeding and require the defendant to go into the trial against Ms consent, without giving him the time reasonably necessary to perfect his motion for a change of venue, which he would have had but for the change in the mode of trying the capital cause.

Our code provides for the issuing of a venire on motion of the district attorney in every capital case requiring not more than sixty persons to appear at the court on a particular day named, there to attend to form a jury in said cause. (Paschal’s Dig., art. 3016.)

And again: “ Ho defendant in a capital case shall be brought to trial until be has had one day’s service of a copy of the names of persons summoned under a special venire facias, except where he waives the right.” (Paschal’s Dig., art. 3022.)

The code also provides that “ where a prosecution is for an offense consisting of different degrees the jury may find the defendant not guilty of the higher degree, (naming it,) but guilty of any degree inferior to that charged in the indictment.” (Paschal’s Dig., arts. 2156,2191, 3095,3096.)

These are the articles relating to the matter, and we find nothing in them to warrant such proceedings.

There is another provision which relates to the dismission of a prosecution, as follows: “ The district attorneys may, by permission of the court, dismiss a criminal action at any time.” (Paschal’s Dig., art. 3006.)

We do not understand this to authorize the district attorney, even with the consent of the court, to simply indicate that he will not prosecute the defendant for the higher grade of the offense, and thereby change the whole mode of proceeding forthwith, without notice to or consent of the defendant, in such way as to deprive him of any right or advantage that he would otherwise have. He can dismiss the whole case, with the consent of the court, at his pleasure.

Having examined into the facts of the case we find the real issue on the merits of the case to be, whether the defendant intended to accomplish his desire by actual force and violence or by an urgent solicitation without carrying it to the extent of force, which was not specially pointed out in the charge. Bo question, however, is made by the defendant on this subject, and it need not be further noticed.

Reversed and remanded.