Eastland v. Williams , 92 Tex. 113 ( 1898 )

O. Eastland was the guardian of the estate of Maggie Williams, administered in the County Court of Wichita County. The County Judge cited Eastland to make a final report of his guardianship, which he did, and upon the settlement of his final account the contest arose as to the various matters embraced in this writ of error. We have examined the assignments contained in the petition and find no error in the judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals except in its ruling upon the cross-assignment of appellee, which is as follows: "The court erred in holding that the judgment of the probate court was conclusive of the attorney's fees of $25, and holding that the question of attorney's fees could not be attacked in this proceeding, and the court erred in not fixing the attorney's fees at $15 according to the court's finding of fact upon this issue.'

The facts necessary to an understanding of this question are, that Eastland as guardian of Maggie Williams employed an attorney to superintend the return of an inventory and to do some other professional work in connection with the estate of the said minor. The attorney made out his account for the services performed according to the statute and presented it to the guardian for approval, and it being approved by the guardian, the County Court sitting for probate purposes allowed the same as a claim against the estate of the minor and entered up judgment upon the minutes of the court in due form of law. Eastland paid the account thus allowed under the judgment of the County Court and credited himself with that amount in his final account, presenting a proper voucher therefor. It was found by the judge who tried the case in the District Court upon appeal from the County Court, that the services rendered by the attorney were worth the sum of $25, but that a portion of the work done should have been performed by or paid for by the guardian, and that $15 would have been a fair compensation for that part of the services for which the minor should have been charged, but held that the judgment of the County Court allowing the claim against the minor's estate was conclusive, and that it could not be attacked in that proceeding as the minor then sought to do.

The District Court entered judgment for the minor against Eastland for $177.06, which upon appeal was by the Court of Civil Appeals reversed and rendered for $187.06 with interest at the rate of 6 per cent per annum from May 26, 1897, the date of the judgment in the District Court.

Article 2085 of the Revised Statutes prescribes the effect to be given to an allowance by the guardian and approval by the court of a claim such as that called in question by the foregoing assignments. That article is in the following words: "The action of the court in approving or disapproving a claim shall have the force and effect of final judgment, and when the claimant or any person interested in the estate shall be dissatisfied with such action he may appeal therefrom to the district court as from other judgments of the county court rendered in probate matters."

The allowance by the guardian and approval by the court of the claim made for the attorney's fees against the estate of Maggie Williams was in effect a judgment the same as if it had been rendered by any court in a suit by the attorney against that estate, and is not liable to be attacked in this proceeding. Moore v. Hillebrant, 14 Tex. 312; Williams v. Robinson, 63 Tex. 576.

The case of Ingraham v. Rogers, 2 Tex. 465, upon which Judge Head based his opinion in the case of Oldham v. Brooks, 25 Southwestern Reporter, 648, does not conflict with the rule expressed above. The case cited simply holds that where an administrator or guardian during the pendency of the administration of the estate made a report in which he claimed credit for sums paid out by him or for money due him from the estate, which report was approved by the court, that action did not have the effect of a final judgment, but the whole matter of settlement between administrator or guardian and the estate he represented could be opened and gone into upon the examination of his final account.

The distinction between the two classes of cases can be illustrated in this way: The claim of the attorney in this case having been allowed by the guardian and approved by the court, can not be questioned as to its amount or justice in this proceeding, because it is in effect a final judgment; if, however, the guardian, after paying the amount to the attorney, had made a report stating such payment and claiming credit for it, which the County Court approved, still upon examination of this final account it might be shown that he had not in fact made payment of the amount claimed in the former report, because it is an interlocutory order.

If parties were permitted to contest the justice of a demand against an estate which had been regularly probated under the law and paid by the administrator or guardian, there would be no security for administrators or guardians in the payment of claims against the estates they represent, but they would be liable at any time after the payment had been made and before the final settlement was concluded to have the judgments which they had obeyed set aside and might be compelled to answer for the funds applied under the order of the court. Such a rule has never been in force in the courts of this State.

The Court of Civil Appeals erred in reversing the judgment of the District Court and rendering judgment in favor of the defendant in error for an amount greater than the judgment of the latter court. It is therefore ordered that the judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals be reversed and that the judgment of the District Court be affirmed, and it is further ordered that plaintiff in error recover of the defendant in error the costs of this court, and that the defendant in error recover of the plaintiff in error all costs of the Court of Civil Appeals and of the District Court.

Reformed and affirmed.