Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion ( 2018 )


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  •                                              KEN PAXTON
    ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS
    May 16, 2018
    The Honorable Mark A. Gonzalez                             Opinion No. KP-0207_
    105th Judicial District Attorney
    Nueces County Courthouse                                   Re: Whether an employee of a district '
    901 Leopard, Room 206                                      attorney's office is eligible to execute and
    Corpus Christi, Texas 78401-3681                           serve a subpoena under article 24.0l(b)(2) of
    the Code of Criminal Procedure if the
    employee is not, at the time of issuance,
    involved in the proceeding for which the
    appearance is sought (RQ-0207-KP)
    Dear Mr. Gonzalez:
    Article 24.0 l (b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides for the service of a subpoena
    in a criminal matter by either a peace officer or a person "at least 18 years old and, at the time the
    subpoena is issued, not a participant in the proceeding for which the appearance is sought." TEX.
    CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 24.0l(b)(l), (2). You ask whether, under article 24.0l(b)(2), an attorney
    or other employee of a district attorney's office is eligible to serve a subpoena in a criminal case
    in which the employee is not involved in any capacity at the time of the subpoena's issuance, aside
    from the service of the subpoena. 1
    Courts interpreting a statute attempt to give effect to the Legislature's intent as expressed
    in the plain meaning of the text. City of Houston v. Bates, 
    406 S.W.3d 539
    , 543-44 (Tex. 2013).
    To discern that intent, .courts consider the specific statutory language in the context of the entire
    statutory scheme. Jaster v. Comet1I Constr., Inc., 
    438 S.W.3d 556
    , 562 (Tex. 2014).
    Article 24.0l(b)(l) authorizes a peace officer to serve subpoenas and does not state any
    additional qualification. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 24.0l(b)(l). Article 24.0l(b)(2) specifies
    two requirements for a person who is not a peace officer to be eligible to serve a subpoena: the
    person must be 18 years of age, and at the time the subpoena issues, must not be "a participant in
    the proceeding for which the appearance is sought." 
    Id. art. 24.0l(b)(2).
    The statute does not
    define "participant" or "proceeding." 
    Id. Typically, courts
    give undefined words in a statute their
    ordinary meaning. In re Ford Motor Co., 
    442 S.W.3d 265
    , 27 l (Tex.2014). The ordinary meaning
    of the term "participant" is one who participates or takes part in a particular activity. See
    'See Letter from Honorable Mark A. Gonzalez; Nueces Cty. Dist. Att'y, 105th Jud. Dist., to Honorable Ken
    Paxton, Tex. Att'y Gen. at I (Jan. 23, 2018), https://www.texasattomeygeneral.gov/opinion/requests-for-opinions-
    rqs ("Request Letter").
    The Honorable Mark A. Gonzalez - Page 2            (KP-0207)
    MERRIAM-WEBSTER'S COLLEGIATE DICTIONARY 903 (11th ed. 2005) ("[o]ne that participates");
    AMERICAN HERITAGE COLLEGE DICTIONARY 1014 (4th ed. 2002) ("[o]ne that participates, shares,
    or takes part in something"); see also BLACK'S LAW DICTIONARY 1294 (10th ed. 2014) (defining
    "participation" as "[t]he act of taking part in something, such as a ... trial"). In the criminal
    context, a "proceeding" can have different shades of meaning, such as "a criminal hearing or trial,"
    "any of the individual steps that may be taken during the course of a criminal prosecution," or "the
    entire course of an action at law in a prosecution." Fahrni v. State, 
    473 S.W.3d 486
    , 494-95 (Tex.
    App.-Texarkana 2015, pet. ref d) (quoting Howland v. State, 
    990 S.W.2d 274
    , 277 n.6 (Tex.
    Crim. App. 1999)). At a minimum, a "participant in the proceeding" includes those who play an
    identifiable role at a hearing or trial, such as trial attorneys, parties, witnesses, jury members, the
    court, and court staff. See Austin Bulldog v. Leffingwell, 
    490 S.W.3d 240
    , 246 (Tex. App.-Austin
    2016, no pet.) (describing "participants in a trial" as including "the judge, attorneys, parties,
    witnesses, and jury").
    We need not determine the full range of an employee's activity that might be considered
    participation in a proceeding because you ask about only those employees of the district attorney's
    office who are not "involved in prosecuting or assisting in the prosecution [of the case] in any
    capacity aside from service of process." Request Letter at 1 (emphasis added). The statutes do
    not suggest that employees of the prosecutor's office are categorically ineligible to serve a
    subpoena under article 24.0l(b)(2). "A court may not write special exceptions into a statute so as
    to make it inapplicable under certain circumstances not mentioned in the statute." Pub. Util.
    Comm 'n v. Cofer, 
    754 S.W.2d 121
    , 124 (Tex. 1988). Thus, article 24.0l(b)(2) does not prohibit
    an employee of the prosecutor's office from serving a subpoena for a criminal proceeding in which
    the employee is not a participant when the subpoena issues. While no judicial or attorney general
    opinion has addressed the issue, a court would likely conclude that article 24.0l(b)(2) of the Code
    of Criminal Procedure allows service of a subpoena in a criminal matter by an attorney or other
    employee of a district attorney's office who, at the time of the subpoena's issuance, is not involved
    in the prosecution of the case in any capacity.
    The Honorable Mark A. Gonzalez - Page 3          (KP-0207)
    SUMMARY
    Article 24.0l(b)(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure
    · allows service of a subpoena in a criminal matter by an attorney or
    other employee of a district attorney's office who, at the time of the
    subpoena's issuance, is not involved in the prosecution of the case
    in any capacity.
    Very truly yours,
    KEN PAXTON
    Attorney General of Texas
    JEFFREY C. MATEER
    First Assistant Attorney General
    BRANTLEY STARR
    Deputy First Assistant Attorney General
    VIRGINIA K. HOELSCHER
    Chair, Opinion Committee
    WILLIAM A. HILL
    Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee
    

Document Info

Docket Number: KP-0207

Judges: Ken Paxton

Filed Date: 7/2/2018

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 5/16/2018