Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion ( 1972 )


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  •                         November 14, 1972
    Hon. Tom Uanna                      Opinion    NO. ~-1261
    Criminal District  Attorney
    P. 0. Box 2553                      Re:     Questions relating     to
    1149 Pearl Street                           construction   of Art-
    Beaumont, Texas   17701                     icle 6252-17, Vernon’sS
    Civil Statutes    (the
    Dear Mr. Hanna:                             "open meeting8 law")
    Your recent letter  requesting the opinion of this
    office  concerning the referenced  matter poses the following
    questions:
    "1. May the Commissionerr' Court, without
    violating  Article 6252-17, meet in private to
    discuss legal matters with their attorney7
    "2 . Hay the Commissioners' Court meet and    ’
    have conferences   with staff members of the govern-
    mental bodies for the purpose of internal    ad&n-
    istration   where no matters of public business or
    agency policies   that affect public business,  will
    be acted upon?
    "3.   Is there a limitation  on subjects covered
    with the attorney or rtaff    members as long &s there
    is no action taken?
    "4 . Assuming that quertionr  one and two are
    answered in the affirmative,  then would notice of
    such meetings have to be pornted?’
    Section 2(c) of Article'6252-17   (the "op)n      meeting8
    law”), am originally  enacted in 1967 (Acts 60th Ug.,        R.8.
    1967; ch. 271, p. 5971, provided   tht
    .   .   .
    Hon. Tom Hanna,   page 2,         (M-1261)
    “Nothing in this Act shall be construed t0
    prevent a governing body from consulting   with ita
    attorney.”
    When, however,Article 6252-17 was amended in 1969
    by Senate Bill No. 260 (Acts 61st Leg., R.S. 1969, ch. 227,
    p. 6741, Section 2(c), as written in 1367, was deleted in its
    entirety.
    Thereaft’er, the Senate paesed.Senate Concurrent
    Resolution No. 83 (Acts 61st kg.,    R.S. 1969, p. 3062). whiob
    provided as follows:
    WRERRAS, Senate Bill       260 has passed    the
    House and the Senate: and
    “WHEREAS, Senate Bill 260 was amended to
    delete provisions   in the present open meetings
    law stated that ‘Nothing in this Act ehall be
    construed to prevent a governing body from con-
    sulting  with its attorney’;   and
    “WHEREAS, The privileged nature of com-
    munications between attorney and client  are
    recognized by the commonlaw, by Article    38.10,
    Code of Criminal Procedure of Texas,  1965, and
    by the rules of the State Bar of Texas; and
    “WH!SRBAS,It was the intent       of the lcgis-
    lature,   in   repealing    the quoted  portion of Section
    2, Chapter 271, Acts of the 60th Legislature,
    Regular Session,        1967 (Article  6252-17, Vernon’s
    Texas Civil Statutes),        the open meeting0 law, to
    eliminate    from that law surplus matter already
    covered llmewhere in the law! now, therefore,          be it
    ‘%WSOLVRDby the Senate of the State of Texas,
    the House of Representative8  concurring, That the
    legislature  declare that it did not intend, in’-
    pasrinu Senate Bill No. 260. to abridqe or in any
    -6179.
    .
    .   .
    Hon. Tom nanna.   page 3,        (~-1261)
    way affect  the privileqed   nature of communications
    between at tornev. and client . *  (emphasis added. 1
    Article 38.10, Texas code of Criminal Procedure,
    referred   to in the preceding Concurrent Resolution, provides
    as follows:
    “All other persons . . ., whatever may be
    the relationship   between the defendant and wit-
    ness, are competent to testify,     except that an
    attorney at law shall not disclose     a communication
    made to him by his client    durinq the existence of
    that relationshin,   nor disclose   anv other fact
    which came to the knwledqe     of such attorney bv
    reason of such relationship.”      (emphasis added. 1
    See, also, Canon 34 of Article    XIII    of the Rules of   the State
    Bar of Texas.
    It is also well established    that confidential   communi-
    cations between an attorney and his client       are privileged   in
    civil   cases, though there is no statute expressly      so providing.
    61 Tex.Jur.Zd     669-70, Witnesses,  Sec. 106 (and ‘authorities
    therein cited):     Williams v. Williams,   108 S.W.Zd 297 (Test.Civ.
    App. 1937, no writ);      Cochran v. Cochran, 
    333 S.W.2d 635
             (Tex.Civ.App.    1960, error ref. n.r.e.).
    It is apposite to note     that the 62nd Legislature,
    convening in regular     session in    1971, and presumably aware of
    Senate Concurrent Resolution     No.    83, did not see fit to restore,
    by legislative    act, the deleted     language of Section 2(c) to
    Article   6252-17.
    Although Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 83, 
    quoted supra
    , is a form of expression      by which the Legislature    stated
    its opinion or will     in respect to allowing   a governing body to
    consult in private with its attorney,      and although the ‘Coneti-
    tution of Texas (Article      IV, Section 15) recognizes the right
    of the Legislature     to express itself  by resolutions,    it is
    also manifestly    clear that a statute cannot be amended, repealed,
    .       .
    .       .
    Ron. Tom iianna, page 4,             (M-1261)
    or otherwise modified by a resolution.      Humble Oil    6 Ref. Co.
    v. State, 104 S.W.Zd 174 (Tex.Civ.App.     1936, no writ):   Terre11
    Wells Swirmninq Pool v. Rodriguez,   
    182 S.W.2d 824
    (Tex.Civ.App.
    1944, error ref.);  Mosheim v. Rollins,    
    79 S.W.2d 672
    (Tex.Civ.
    App. 1935, error dism; w.0.j.);    Attorney General's   Opinions
    Nos. WW-345 (1958) and M-1234 (1972).
    Thus, Senate Concurrent Resolution NO. 83 could have
    no amendatory legal effect    whereby the deleted original   word-
    ing of Section 2(c) of Article    6252-17 could be reinstated.
    This is not to say, however, that the deletion of Section
    Z(c),  in and of itself,   has the effect of denying the attorney-
    client privilege   to governing bodies.    This question is one
    of first  impression in this State, and we must turn to deci-
    sions from other jurisdictions     in an effort  to find precedent
    whereby we can correctly    answer your first   question.
    In Laman v. McCord, 432 S.W.Zd 753 (Ark.Sup.   1968),
    e city council meeting in closed session with the city attor-
    ney to discuss a proceeding to which the city was a party was
    found violative  of the Arkansas open meetings statute which
    provided that “(e)xcept  as otherwise specifically  provided by
    law (emphasis added.)",  all meetings of public entities   were
    to be public meetinga.   In so holding,  the Court stated that
    "The attorney-client      privilege,    originally     a
    common-law ifmnunity, now rests upon a section of
    the Civil Code, adopted in 1869, which provides
    that  an attorney is incompetent to testify           about
    his client's    communications without the client's
    consent. . . . Por us to say that the section just
    cited, dealing only with a testimonial           disqualifi-
    cation,   'specifically'     provides that the city coun-
    cil may consult its attorney in secret would simply
    amount to striking       the word 'specifically'      from
    the Freedom of Information Act.”           432 S.W.Zd at
    756.    (emphaeis added. )
    -6181-
    Hon. Tom Xanna, page    5,          (M-1261)
    In Times Publishing    Co. v. Wi.lliame, 
    222 So. 2d 470
    (Pla.App.  1969), having held that the provisions      of the Florida
    open meetings law were applicable      to every assemblage of a
    board or commission governed by the law at which any diecus-
    eion, deliberation,    decision,  or formal action was to be had,
    made, or taken relating     to, or within the scope of, the offi-
    cial duties or affairs     of such body, the court answered the
    query of whether there were any exceptions       to the mandate of
    the law by finding that there was a narrow attorney-client
    exception where public consultation      by a public body with its
    attorney regarding pending or impending litigation       would force
    him to violate   the canons of ethic6 as promulgated by the state
    rupreme court.     In Williams,  the court declared that
    I,. . . The clear import of the ‘All meetings'
    provisions    of this statute   is that the public,
    acting through the legislature,      has waived the
    (attorney-client)     privilege  with regard to the
    enumerated public bodies.
    "There is one aspect of the attorney-client
    relationship,   however, in which there are obliga-
    tione which bind the attorney;   and the aspect
    involves his duties in the conduct of pending or
    impending litigation.    . . .
    "The legislature     therefore,    ir without any
    authority to directly       or indirectly     interfere
    with or impair an attorney in the exercise of his
    ethical duties as an attorney and officer            of the
    court.   . . . This is not to say, of course, 'that
    it may not condemn unethical         or criminal condu&,
    but the attorney ham the right and duty to prac-
    tice hie profession      in the manner required by the
    Canons unfettered     by clearly     conflicting    legiela-
    tion which renderm the performance of him ethical
    dutiem impossible.       He cannot be put in the unten-
    able poeition’of     choice between a violation         of a
    statute or a violation       of a specific     Canon insofar
    ar they clearly     conflict    (emphasis by the court).
    -6102-
    .   .
    Hon. Tom Hanna,     page 6,         (M-1261)
    We can perceive of the possibility   of instances
    when there may be conflict   between the two E
    thev may relate  to Privacy and confidentielitv
    in the handling of wndins or anticiwted       liti-
    gation.*   (emphasis added.)
    “* l     l
    *.   .         also, however,
    . We hold             that . . . the
    act does not permit private  consultation  between
    its agency and the attorney in any other circum-
    stances except those narrowly outlined 
    above.” 222 So. 2d at 475-76
    .
    In the case of Sacramento Newspaper Guild v. Sacra-
    mento Co. Bd. of Super., 
    69 Cal. Rptr. 480
    (Cal.App.  1968),
    hwever,     it was held that, notwithstanding  the language of
    the California    open meetings law that “(a)11 meetings of the
    legislative    body of a local agency shall ba open and public;
    the statutory    opportunity  of boards of euparvieore to confer
    privately    with their attorneys  on oocaeione properly squiring
    confidentiality    was not abolished.   The Sacramanto court stated
    that
    “The Brwn Act (the open meetings law), epac-
    ifically   section 54953, broadly encompasses ‘all
    meetings. ’ Viewed as a statutory        microcosm, its
    demand is forthright,     offering    no internal   inter-
    stice for private    lawyer-client     coneultatione.      It
    is not a microcorm, however, but one element in a
    structure   of constitutional      and statutory   policies
    covering the powers, duties and procedures of local
    agencies of government.       Another part of this lagal
    structure   in the privilege     attaching to confiden-
    tial lawyer-client    communications.
    ** c *
    -6183-
    Hon. Tom Hanna.   page 7,            (M-1261)
    "Plaintiffs    do not dispute the availability
    of the lawyer-client       privilege    to public officials
    and their attorneys.        They view it as a barrier       to
    testimonial      compulsion, not a procedural      rule for
    the conduct of public affairs.           The view is too
    narrow . . . The privilege         serves a policy asstir-
    ing private      consultation.     If client   and counsel
    must confer in public view and hearing,           both
    privilege     and policy are stripped      of value.   . . .
    "Thus the structure of laws governing local
    public boards includes two separate         substructures,
    one in the Government Code demanding open meet-
    ings, the other in the Evidence Code assuring
    confidential     lawyer-client,conferences.       Each
    'expresses a separate policy objective,        but neither
    refers   expressly  to the other in terms of dominance
    or reconciliation.     . . 
    .' 69 Cal. Rptr. at 488-89
    .
    (emphasis added.)
    The Sacramento court      continued~as      follaws:
    "The two enactments (Government Code and
    Evidence Code) are capable of conc'urrent opera-
    tion if the lawyer-client         privilege     is not wer-
    blown beyond its true dimensions.             As a barrier
    to testimonial       disclosure,   the privilege       tends
    to suppress relevant facts,          hence is strictly
    construed.      . . As a barrier     against public access
    to public affairs,        it has precisely      the same
    suppressing      effect,   hence here too must be strictly
    construed.       As noted earlier,      the assurance of
    private     legal consultation      is restricted      to com-
    munications       'in confidence.'      Private    clients,
    relatively      free of regulation,      may set relatively
    wide limits on confidentiality.             Public board
    members, sworn to uphold the law, may not arbi-
    trarily   or unnecessarily      inflate    confidentiality
    for the Durpose of deflating          the spread of the
    -6184-
    Hon.   Tom Hanna,   page 8,         (M-1261)
    public meeting law.      Neither the attorney's
    presence nor the happenstance of some kind of
    lawsuit may serve as the pretext for secret
    consultations    whose revelations   will not injure
    the public interest.      To attempt a generaliza-
    tion embracing the occasions for genuine confi-
    dentiality    would be rash.    The Evidence Code
    lawyer-client    provisions   may operate concurrently
    with the Brown Act,     neither superseding the other
    by implication.
    "Because the Brown Act did not abolish the
    statutory   opportunity   of boards of supervisors
    to confer privately     with their attorney on occa-
    sions properly    requiring   confidentiality, the
    preliminary   injunction    is too broad. . . 
    ." 69 Cal. Rptr. at 492
    .     (emphasis added.)
    A recent    Opinion of the Attorney General of the State
    of Washington held     as follows concerning  the applicability  of
    the attorney-client     privilege to that State's  open meetings
    law:
    IS. . . (W)e would conclude that there remaina
    a modified attorney-client     privilege    for the gov-
    erning body of a public agency in thir state.
    This privilege     cannot be asserted by the body for
    all legal advice which it receives,        particularly
    that which fits within the concept of deliberations
    of the body.     However, those sensitive      areas of
    legal advice, particularly     with reference to pend-
    ing or contemplated litigation,       settlement offers
    and similar    matters,  can, in our opinion, be dis-
    cussed between the governing body and its attorney
    in a closed session."      Wash. Att'y.    Gen. Op. No.
    33 (1972).
    -6lSS-
    .
    .
    . .
    .
    Hon. Tom nanna.    iwe   9,          (M-1261)
    See, generally,   
    38 A.L.R. 3d 1070
    , et %..     "Validity,
    Construction,    and Application   of Statutes Uazng Public Pro-
    ceedings Open to the Public"        (19711, and Note, "Administrative
    La'4---Freedom of Information ---Texas     Open Heetings Act Has
    Potentially    Broad Coverage but Suffers    from Inadequate Enforce-
    ment Provisions",    49 Texas L. Rev. 764 (1971).
    In view of the foregoing,       we are of the opinion
    that,  although Article      6252-17 no longer contains an express
    exception regarding      closed meetings for attorney-client         con-
    ferences.   the Article     must be read in consonance, and construed
    harmoniously,    with Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 83, Arti-
    cle 38.10, Texas Code of Criminal Procedure,            the Canons and
    Rules of the State Bar of Texas, and the long tradition              of the
    common law regarding      the confidentiality     of the attorney-client
    relationship.     While it is true that Article          38.10 is but a
    testimonial    bar to disclosure     of attorney-client      confidences,
    we believe    its underlying    purpose and policy would be vitiated
    by holding    it totally    inapplicable   to meetings of public bodies.
    We do not believe     the Legislature,     in enacting Article      6252-17,
    as amended, intended that public bodies,          in certain sensitive      ``
    legal areae, were any leer entitled         to privileged      communica-
    tions with their counrel.than         are private   litigants.
    We also stress,    however, that the absence of an
    express exception for the attorney-client          privilege  in Arti-
    cle 6252-17 has had the effect of modifying the common law
    and the degree to which's public body may claim the attorney-
    client privilege.       On the other hand, we find that the legis-
    lative    intent of the statute would allow discussions        or con-
    ferences of certain      confidential   preliminary    legal matter8
    incidental     to the development of a public ultimate legal         issue
    to be decided at the "open meeting,*' since such conferences
    would not rine to the dignity of the type "meeting" intended
    to be open to the public.          In our view, a public body governed
    by Article     6252-17 may only validly     claim the attorney-client
    privilege     and ho1d.a closed ression to discuss legal matters
    with its attorney when it derires        legal advice with regard to
    pending or contemplated litigation,         lettlement offera,    and
    -6186-
    .
    Ron. Tom Henna,      page   10,        (M-1261)   ``~-
    aimilar matters where an attorney’s        duty to his client,  pursuant
    to the Rules and Canons of the State Bar of Texas, would clearly
    conflict   with that Article.      It is also our opinion that mere
    conferences which discuss such matters that only form the basis
    for further     consideration   at an ‘open meeting” as contemplated
    by Article     6252-17 do not contravene    the provisions  of that
    statute.     However, a public body may not invoke the attorney-
    client   privilege    when it only seeks legal advice in regards
    to matters     of administrative   procedure or public deliberation
    without the purview of the examples set out above.
    Therefore,   your first question,  as qualified      in the
    preceding      paragraph,   is answered in the affirmative.
    Your second question is also answered in the affirm-
    at ive,     inasmuch as Section 2(d) of Article 6252-17 provides
    that:
    “The provisions   of this Act shall not apply
    to periodic   conferences held among staff     members
    of the governmental body.       Such ltaff meetings
    will be only for the purpose of internal       adminia-
    tration   and no matttra of public business or
    agency policies     that affect  public business will
    be acted upon. *
    Leaving out the provisions     of Section 2(d), the meeting of
    staff   members of a governmental body is not required to be
    open to the public.     Therefore,   to render Section 2(d) mean-
    ingful and fo give effect to its intent and purpose. we con-
    strue it to mean that as an exception to the requirement
    that every meeting    of the governmental body be open to the
    public,   such requirement was inapplicable      when the members
    of the body met with or among staff       members for the limited
    purpose of internal    administration   and in which matters of
    public business or board policies      afftcting   public business.
    were not to be discussed and acted upon.
    -6187-
    Ron. Tom Iianna. page   11.        (M-1261)
    As for that portion ‘of your third question dealing
    with whether there is a limitation       on subjects covered with
    a public body's attorneys,       you are advised that,  in open
    meetings of a public body, said body may confer publicly
    with its attorney on any legal point germane to its admin-
    istrative   procedure or to matters included on the agenda of
    its meeting.      In closed sessions with its attorney,    you are
    advised that a public body may discuss with its attorney          only
    those matters set forth as within the attorney-client         privi-
    lege in our answer to your question one, aupra: those matters
    are, to wit, legal matters pertaining        to pending or contem-
    plated litigation,      settlement offers;   or aimilar matters.
    wherein the duty of a public body’s counsel to his client,
    pursuant to the Rules and Canons of the State Bar of Texas;
    clearly   conflicts   with Article   6252-17.
    In closed conferences with its staff members,
    pursuant to Section 2(d) of Article     6252-17, you are advised
    that the only subject matter limitation'ia      that the matters
    discussed  pertain  solely to internal    administration,    and ,that
    they in no way concern public business or agency policies          that
    affect  public business.   lketinga   held with staff     members,
    subject to Section 2(d) of Article     6252-17, are clearly      not
    governed by that Article.     See Attorney   General’s    Opinion No.
    W-220 (19681, which held that
    “A meeting or session is one in which the
    members of a governmental body transact official
    business which such agency is chargtd to perform."
    Hence, a conference held pursuant to Section 2(d) is         not such
    a "meeting or aesaionH that Article 6252-17 requires         be open
    to the public.
    Your fourth question inquires whether a public body
    is required to post a notice in advance of any closed meeting
    with its attorney   or its staff members. Subsection  (a) of
    Section 3A of Article   625247 provides that
    *.,   .I
    Non. ToahNanna, page     12,        (M-1261)
    “Written notict of the date, place, and aub-
    ject of each meetinq held by a governmental body           ’
    shall be given before the meeting as prescribed
    by this section.*
    Pursuant to the reasoning of Attorney General’s
    Opinion No. M-220 (1968), quoted aupra, you art advised that
    a public body must post notice of an open or closed meeting
    with its attorney.   when matters of either   official   buaineaa,
    public business,   or agency policies affecting    public business
    will be discussed with him.    If no such matters are to be
    discussed with a public body’s attorney,     no notict of a
    meeting with him need be posted.
    You are further adviatd that no notice of a public
    body’s closed meeting with staff membtra, pursuant to Sec-
    tion 2(d) of Article   6252-17; need be posted, inasmuch as that
    Section specifically   prohibits the diacuaaion of public buaineaa
    in such meetings.
    (1) Despite the fact that Article      6252-17,
    Vernon’s Civil      Statutes (the *open meetings law”),
    grants no such specific      exemption, a public body
    is entitled    to hold closed meetings with its
    attorney when such body attka the attorney’s
    advice in regards to pending or contemplated
    litigation,     settlement offers,   and similar matters
    where the duty of a public body's counsel to his
    client,    pursuant to tht Rules and Canons of the
    Btate Bar of Ttxaa, clearly       conflicts with that
    Article.
    (2)   The privilege
    of confidtntial   communica-
    tions bttween 8ttorney  and client,   as codified in
    Article  38.10, Texas Codt of Criminal Proctdure,
    and enunciated in the conmaonlaw and the Rulta and
    Canons of the State 0ar of Texas, is applicable    to
    -61899
    Hon. Tom Hanna, page 13,         (M-1261)
    public bodies governed by Article    6252-17, to the
    extent set forth in paragraph   (l),  aupra.   A public
    body may not invoke the privilege    in regards to any
    other matters of public deliberation    or parliamentary
    procedure.
    (3) A resolution   passed by the Legislature
    cannot amend, repeal,    or otherwise modify an Act
    earlier  passed by it, though the intent expressed
    in such resolution    may validly  be considered when
    endeavoring to harmonize one legislative      act with
    another.
    (4) Pursuant to Section 2(d) of Article   6252-17,
    a public body may have conferences with its staff
    members for the purpose of internal administration
    where no matters of official   or public business,   or
    agency policies   that affect public business,  will be
    acted upon.
    (5) In open meetings,    A pubiic body may confer
    publicly   with its attorney on any legal point germane
    to its administrative     procedure or to matters included
    on its agenda.     In closed meetings with its attorney,
    a public body may discuss only those items enumerated
    in paragraph (1). aupra.
    (6) In closed conferences with its staff members,
    a public body may discuss only matters of internal
    administration,   and may not discuss matters of offi-
    cial or public business,   or agency policies that
    affect public buaineaa.
    (7) A public body must post notice, pursuant to
    Subsection   (a) of Section 3A of Article    6252-17, of
    an open or closed weting      with its attorney,  if mat-
    ters of official    or public business, or agency policies
    affecting.  public buaineaa,   art to be discussed with him.
    -6lgO-
    . : . : .
    .. .   ..
    Non. Tom Hanna, page 14,            (M-1261)
    (8) No notice of a public body'8 meeting with
    ita etaff members, for internal'adminintration
    purpoeee putwant to Section 2(d) of .Article
    6252-17, need be poeted.
    Prepared by Austin C. Bray, Jr.
    Aeeietant Attorney General
    APPROVED:
    OPINION COMMITTEE
    Kerns Taylor, Chairman
    W. E. All$n,~Co-Chiinnan
    Bill Planary
    ~JimSwearin$en
    Lynn Taylor
    Roland Carbon
    SAJ4UELD. WCDANIEL
    Staff Legal Aerietant
    ALPRED WAIXER
    Executive Aeri8tant
    NOIA WHITE
    Piret Asrirtant
    .
    .
    -6lgl-.,
    

Document Info

Docket Number: M-1261

Judges: Crawford Martin

Filed Date: 7/2/1972

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 2/18/2017