Williams, Clifton ( 2015 )


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    CAUSE NUMBER 114-~1505-06                                                                 PAGE
    j*h«               • * ? .•*• •*
    LOIS ROGERS      v^S^
    CLERK OPTHEJbffltGQU£% SMITH CO-1X
    W.       VAV           DEPUTY ...
    CAUSE NO.   114-1505-06
    STATE OF TEXAS                                            IN THE             114TH DISTRICT
    VS                                                        COURT          IN         AND   FOR
    CLIFTON WILLIAMS                            X             SMITH COUNTY,                     TEXAS
    Capital Murder, Capital Felony                                                            RECEIVED IN
    as charged in the Indictment                                                              ncwuvcu m
    COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
    FORMAL SENTENCING                  .. |M -„mr
    PURSUANT TO MANDATE FROM TEXAS COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEAES" ^ 'U'3
    ORDER SETTING DATE OF EXECUTION
    ORDER FOR ISSUANCE OF WARRANT OF EXECUTION                               fi^kBO^ClBlk
    JUDGMENT
    JUDGE PRESIDING AT TRIAL:                Date originally sentenced
    CYNTHIA STEVENS     KENT                 and Judgment: October 13, 2006
    JUDGE PRESIDING AT FORMAL                Date of formal, sentencing
    SENTENCING:                              upon Mandate affirming
    CHRISTI   KENNEDY                        case and Order Denying 11.071
    State Writ: March 18, 2009
    Date of re-sentehcing following
    denial of federal habeas corpus
    relief: June 4, 2015
    ATTORNEY FOR STATE:                      ATTORNEY FOR DEFENDANT AT TRIAL:
    MATT BINGHAM                             MELVIN THOMPSON
    APRIL SIKES                              LAJUANDA LACY
    ATTORNEY ON DIRECT APPEAL:
    STEPHEN EVANS
    TONDA CURRY
    ATTORNEY ON 11.071 STATE WRIT:
    JEFF      HAAS
    CERTIFIED TO BE ATFUE
    AND CORRECT COPY
    FILED IN THE SMITH COUNTY
    DISTRICT CLERK'S OFFICE
    CAUSE NUMBER 114-81505-06                                                        PAGE
    ATTORNEYS        ON    FEDERAL        HABEAS
    CORPUS    WRIT
    SETH KRETZER
    JAMES W.    VOLBERDING
    ATTORNEY AT FINAL SENTENCING
    FOLLOWING DENIAL OF FEDERAL
    HABEAS CORPUS         RELIEF:
    JAMES W.    HUGGLER
    OFFENSE   CHARGED':    CAPITAL MURDER        DATE OFFENSE
    CONVICTED OF:       CAPITAL. MURDER          COMMITTED JULY         9.    2005
    DEGREE:    CAPITAL FELONY
    CHARGING INSTRUMENT:        INDICTMENT       PLEA:      NOT GUILTY
    TERMS OF PLEA BARGAIN NONE
    DATE   SENTENCE FORMALLY PRONOUNCED
    AND IMPOSED:    OCTOBER 13.     2006         COSTS:       $550.00
    Date Sentence Formally Pronounced following Mandate from Texas
    Court of Criminal Appeals affirming Judgment and Sentence and
    following denial of 11.071 writ application:
    March 18,     2009
    Date   S.ehtehc.e    Formally   Pronounced    following       denial        of   federal
    habeas corpus relief:
    June 4, 2 015
    DATE OF EXECUTION:              July 16, 2015 as provided by law
    Punishment:                                  Date Set for Execution:
    Death by lethal injection                     July 16, 2015 as provided
    as provided by law                            by law
    CERTIFIED TO BE ATP.UE
    AND CORRECT COPY
    FILED IN THE SMITH COUNTY
    DISTRICT CLERK'S OFFICE
    CAUSE NUMBER   114-81505-06                                          PAGE
    Place of Execution:
    As provided by law in the Texas Department of Criminal
    Justice - Institutional Division (formerly Texas Department
    of Corrections, State Penitentiary)
    JUDGMENT AND SENTENCE UPON FORMAL       SENTENCING
    WARRANT   OF   EXECUTION
    The Defendant having been indicted in the above entitled and
    numbe.re.d cause for the felony offense of CAPITAL-MURDER as charged
    in the indictment, a capital felony, and this cause being c.alle.d
    for jury selection on JULY 27, 2006, the State appeared by her
    Criminal District Attorney MATT BINGHAM and Assistant District
    Attorneys APRIL-SIKES. and the Defendant CLIFTON WILLIAMS. appeared
    in person and by his counsel MELVIN THOMPSON AND. LAJUANDA- LACY.
    also being present and both parties         announced ready and jury
    selection commenced, and the Defendant in open court was duly
    arraigned and pleaded Not Guilty to the charge of Capital Murder as
    contained in the indictment herein, a jury, to-wit: JAMIE LEACH and
    eleven others, were duiy selected, along with one alternate juror,
    and upon completion of jury selection the jury was impaneled and
    sworn.  On SEPTEMBER 19, 2006 the Court proceeded with the trial
    with the reading of the indictment, the defendant entering his plea
    of "Not Guilty," opening statements, and introduction of evidence.
    The jury, who having heard the evidence submitted, and having been
    duly charged by the court, and after hearing argument of counsel,
    retired in the charge of the proper office to consider their
    verdict, and afterward were brought into open Court, by the proper
    officer, the Defendant and his counsel being present, and in due
    form of law returned into open Court the following unanimous
    verdict, which was received by the Court, and is here and how
    entered upon the minutes of the Court, to wit:
    WE, THE JURY, unanimously find, beyond a reasonable doubt, the
    Defendant, CLIFTON WILLIAMS, GUILTY of the offense of Capital
    Murder, as charged in the indictment.
    /s/ JAMIE LEACH
    FOREMAN
    CERTIFIED TO BEATRUE
    AND CORRECTCOPY
    FILED INTHE SMITH COUNTY
    DISTRICT CLERK'S OFFICE
    CAUSE NUMBER        114-81505-06                                                        PAGE       4
    The Defendant having been found guilty of Capital Murder by
    the verdict of the jury and thereupon further evidence being heard
    by the jury on the special issues pertaining to punishment, the
    Court again charged the jury as provided by law on the following
    special issues:
    SPECIAL     ISSUE NO.     1
    Is there a probability that the defendant, CLIFTON WILLIAMS,
    would    commit     criminal       acts   of   violence      that    would     constitute          a
    continuing threat to society?
    SPECIAL     ISSUE NO.     2
    Taking into consideration all of the evidence, including the
    circumstances           of   the   offense,      the    defendant's          character           and
    background, and the personal moral culpability of the defendant, is
    there sufficient mitigating circumstance or circumstances to
    warrant that a sentence of life imprisonment rather than a death
    sentence be imposed?
    SPECIAL     ISSUE   NO.   3
    Is   the    defendant,      CLIFTON      WILLIAMS,       a   person with          mental
    retardation?
    SPECIAL ISSUE NO.         4
    Taking into consideration all of the evidence, including the
    circumstances           of   the   offense,      the    defendant's          character           and
    background, the mental impairment of the defendant that might not
    amount       to   mental     retardation,       if   any,    and     the    personal       moral
    culpability        of    the   defendant,       is     there     sufficient        mitigating
    circumstance or circumstances to warrant that a                            sentence of life
    imprisonment rather than a death sentence be imposed?
    The jury, after hearing arguments of counsel, retired in
    charge of the proper officer to consider their verdict and
    afterwards were brought into open Court by the proper officer; the
    Defendant and his counsel being present and in due form of law
    returned into open Court the following verdict, which was received
    CERTIFIED TO BE A TRUE
    AND CORRECT COPY
    FILED IN THE SMITH COUNTY
    DISTRICT CLERK'S OFFICE
    CAUSE NUMBER 114-81505-06                                       PAGE
    by the court and is here and how entered upon the minutes of the
    Court,   to-wit:
    ANSWER TO SPECIAL   ISSUE NUMBER   1:
    We,  the  jury unanimously find and determine beyond a
    reasonable doubt that the answer to this Spe.cial Issue No. 1 is
    "YES."
    /s/ JAMIE LEACH
    FOREMAN
    ANSWER TO SPECIAL   ISSUE NUMBER   2:
    We,  the jury unanimously find and determine beyond a
    reasonable doubt that the answer to this Spe.cial Issue No. 2 is
    "YES."
    /s/ JAMIE LEACH
    FOREMAN
    ANSWER TO SPECIAL   ISSUE NUMBER 3:
    We, the jury, unanimously hereby find and determine that the
    answer to this Special Issue No. 3 is "NO."
    /s/ JAMIE LEACH
    FOREMAN
    ANSWER TO SPECIAL   ISSUE NUMBER 4:
    We, the jury unanimously find and determine that the answer to
    this Special Issue NO.4 is "NO."
    As/ JAMIE LEACH
    FOREMAN
    CERTIFIEDTO BE A TRUE
    AND CORRECT COPY
    FILED IN THE SMITH COUNTY
    DISTRICT CLERK'S OFFICE
    CAUSE NUMBER 114-81505-06                                                      PAGE
    JURY    CERTIFICATE
    WE, THE JURY, RETURN IN OPEN COURT THE ABOVE ANSWER OR ANSWERS
    AS   OUR   ANSWER OR ANSWERS   TO   THE    SPECIAL   ISSUE   OR    SPECIAL       ISSUES
    SUBMITTED TO US., AND THE SAME IS OUR VERDICT IN THIS CASE.
    /s/ JAMIE LEACH
    FOREMAN
    IT was therefore considered and adjudged by the Court, that
    the said Defendant is guilty of the offense of Capital Murder* as
    charged in the indictment, a Capital Felony; and that the said
    Defendant committed said offense on or about the 9TH day of JULY,
    2005, as found by the jury> and that he be punished, as has been
    determined by the jury's answers to the special issues and in
    accordance with State law by imposition of the sentence of DEATH,
    according to the law^
    THEREUPON the said Defendant was informed by the Court of the
    mandatory appeal of this Judgment and Sentence to the Texas Court
    of Criminal Appeals as provided by law and rights to an 11.071
    Application for Writ of Habeas             Corpus,    and further the said
    Defendant was asked by the Court whether he had anything to say why
    said sentence should not be pronounced against him, subject to the
    mandatory appeal and mandate,             and he answered nothing in bar
    thereof, and it appearing to the Court that the Defendant was
    mentally competent and understood the English language, the Court
    proceeded, then in the presence of the Defendant, his counsel, and
    counsel for the state, to pronounce sentence, subject to mandatory
    appeal^ against him as follows:
    IT IS THE ORDER OF THE COURT, that the said Defendant, CLIFTON
    WILLIAMS> is guilty of the offense Of CAPITAL MURDER, as charged in
    the indictment, a Capital Felony; and that the said Defendant,
    CLIFTON WILLIAMS,    committed said offense of CAPITAL MURDER on or
    about the 9TH day of JULY, 2005 as found by the jury, and that he
    be punished, as has been determined by the jury's answers to the
    special issues along with Texas law, by imposition of the
    punishment of DEATH, according to the law, and said Defendant is
    remanded to the Sheriff of- Smith County, Texas to be delivered to
    CERTIFIED TO BE ATRUE
    ANDCORRECT COPY
    FILED IN THE SMITH COUNTY
    DISTRICT CLERK'S OFFICE
    CAUSE NUMBER 114-81505-06                                                      PAGE
    the     Director    of   the     Texas   Department     of    Corrections        (Texas
    Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division), or other
    person legally authorized to receive said Defendant/ to be held
    until the date for execution as set but in this judgment and Death
    Warrant with date of execution, as provided by law.
    The Court certified the record for appeal and an appeal to the
    Texas  Court of Criminal Appeals followed.     On the 22ND day of
    December, 2008 the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals issued its
    Mandate in this cause of action and finding that there was no error
    in the judgment of the trial court/ it ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and
    DECREED that the judgment of the trial court be in all things
    affirmed, and that the Defendant pay all costs in this behalf
    expended and that the defendant's- mot-ion for rehearing be denied.
    The trial court received the Mandate commanding the trial court to
    observe the order of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in this
    case and to duly recognize, obey and execute said mandate.
    On   June   4,   2015,   this    case   was   again   called     for     formal
    sentencing in accordance with the verdicts and Judgment herein
    rendered and entered against the Defendant, CLIFTON WILLIAMS, on
    October 13, 2006.. The State appeared by .her Criminal District
    Attorney, MATT BINGHAM (together with her Assistant Criminal
    District Attorney APRIL SIKES) and the Defendant, CLIFTON WILLIAMS,
    appeared in person and with JAMES W. HUGGLER as his current counsel
    for formal setting of a date of execution, and whereupon the State
    of Texas announced ready and the Defendant announced ready, and the
    defendant offered nothing at bar as to why the date of execution
    should not be set, the Court proceeding with formal sentencing and
    setting of date of execution^    thereupon the Defendant, CLIFTON
    WILLIAMS/ through his counsel was asked by the Court whether he had
    anything to say or offer at bar as to why sentence should not be
    formally pronounced against him and said counsel indicated there
    was nothing he had to offer at bar as to why sentence should not be
    formally pronounced and a date of execution set. It appearing to
    the Court that the Defendant, CLIFTON WILLIAMS, is mentally
    competent and understanding of the English language, the Court
    proceeded, in the presence of the said Defendant, CLIFTON WILLIAMS,
    and all his counsel and counsel for the State, in open court to
    formally pronounce Judgment and Sentence against the Defendant in
    accordance with the jury's verdicts and mandate of the Texas Court
    CERTIFIED TO BE ATRUF
    AND CORRECT COPV
    DISTRICT CLERK'S OFFICE
    CAUSE NUMBER 114-81505-06                                            PAGE   8
    of Criminal Appeals/       to set the date of execution,      and to order
    issuance of the Warrant of Execution as follows:
    IT IS THE ORDER OF THE COURT, that the said Defendant, CLIFTON
    WILLIAMS., who has been adjudged to be GUILTY of the felony offense
    of CAPITAL MURDER, as charged in the indictment in this' cause, a
    Capital Felony; and that the said Defendant, CLIFTON WILLIAMS,
    committed said offense on the 9TH day of JULY, 2005, as found by
    the jury, and whose punishment has been assessed by application of
    law to the verdicts of the Jury on the Special Issues submitted and
    the Judgment of the Court, by DEATH, according to law, and, it is
    ORDERED, that the Defendant, CLIFTON WILLIAMS, be taken by the
    Sheriff of Smith County, Texas, and by him kept in custody until
    the Clerk of this Court shall issue and deliver to said Sheriff a
    DEATH WARRANT (also known as a WARRANT OF EXECUTION), in accordance
    with this Judgment and Sentence, directed to the Director of the
    Texas Department of Criminal Justice - Institutional Division
    (formerly known as the Texas Department of Corrections, State
    Penitentiary), at Huntsville, Texas, commanding him, the said
    Director   of  the   Texas  Department   of   Criminal   justice
    Institutional Division (formerly known as the Texas Department of
    Corrections - State Penitentiary) to put into execution the
    Judgment and Sentence of DEATH against the said CLIFTON WILLIAMS,
    and immediately upon the issuance of said WARRANT OF EXECUTION, the
    Sheriff of Smith County, Texas is directed to take the said CLIFTON
    WILLIAMS,    together with the said WARRANT OF EXECUTION, to the
    Director     of the Texas Department     of Criminal   Justice
    institutional Division (formerly known as the Texas Department of
    Corrections, State Penitentiary) or other person legally authorized
    to receive such convicts, and deliver the said CLIFTON WILLIAMS and
    said WARRANT OF EXECUTION into the custody of said Director of the
    Texas    Department   of   Criminal   Justice   -   Institutional   Division
    (formerly known as the Texas Department of Corrections, State
    Penitentiary), and the said Director of the Texas Department of
    Criminal Justice - institutional Division (formerly known as the
    Texas Department of Corrections, State Penitentiary) is hereby
    COMMANDED and DIRECTED to keep the said CLIFTON WILLIAMS until the
    16TH DAY OF JULY.    2015
    CMjmEDTOBE'.Trm
    CAUSE NUMBER    114-81505-06                                               PAGE
    upon which day, at the Texas Department of Criminal Justice -
    Institutional Division (formerly known as the Texas Department of
    Corrections, State Penitentiary), at any time after the hour of
    6:00p.m. in a room arranged for the purpose of execution, the
    Director   of the Texas Department      of Criminal    Justice
    Institutional Division (formerly known as the Texas Department of
    Corrections, State Penitentiary) is hereby, acting by and through
    the executioner designed by said Director as provided by law,
    COMMANDED, ORDERED, and DIRECTED to carry out this Judgment and
    Sentence   of   DEATH   by   intravenous    injection   of     a    substance        or
    substances in a lethal quantity sufficient to cause the death of
    the said CLIFTON WILLIAMS and until said CLIFTON WILLIAMS is dead,
    such procedure to be determined and supervised, in accordance with
    law,   by the said Director of the Texas Department of Criminal
    Justice - Institutional Division (formerly known                    as   the      Texas
    Department of Corrections, State Penitentiary).
    ORDERED IN OPEN COURT ON THE 4TH DAY OF JUNE,               2015.
    SIGNED ON THIS THE 11™ DAY OF JUNE, 2015.
    HONORABLE    CHRISTI   KENNEDY
    JUDGE,    114TH DISTRICT COURT
    SMITH COUNTY,    TEXAS
    CERTIFIED TO BE ATrUE
    AND CORRECTCOPV
    STRICTCLERK'SOFFICE
    CAUSE NUMBER       114-81505-06                                                  PAGE   10
    ORDER
    THEREFORE, it is the further ORDER and the Judgment of this
    Court that the Director of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice
    - Institutional Division (formerly known as the Texas Department of
    Corrections, State Penitentiary), acting by and through the
    executioner designed by said Director as provided by law, be and is
    hereby DIRECTED, ORDERED and COMMANDED to, at any time after the
    hour o,f 6:00 p.m. on the 16TH day of JULY. 2015, in a room arranged
    for the purpose of execution at the Texas Department of Criminal
    Justice — Institutional Division (formerly known as the Texas
    Department of Corrections, State Penitentiary) to carry put this
    Judgment and Sentence of DEATH by intravenous injection of a
    substance or substances in a lethal quantity sufficient to cause
    the   death   of    the   said   CLIFTON   WILLIAMS    and    until       said    CLIFTON
    WILLIAMS is dead, such procedure to be determined and supervised,
    in accordance: with law, by the said Director of the Texas
    Department of Criminal Justice - Institutional Division (formerly
    known as the Texas Department of Corrections, State Penitentiary).
    SIGNED THIS THE 11th DAY OF JUNE, 2015.
    HONORABLE CHRlfiBTI KENNEDY
    JUDGE,.   114TH DISTRICT COURT
    SMITH COUNTY,      TEXAS
    CERTIFIED TO BE ATRUE
    AND CORRECT COPY
    FILED IN THE SMITH COUNTY
    DISTRICT CLERK'S OFFICE
    CAUSE NUMBER 114-81505-06                                                     PAGE   11
    WARRANT OF EXECUTION
    ALL IN ACCORDANCE with this Warrant of Execution (Death
    Warrant) for the execution of the s.ehtenc.e of DEATH, and in
    accordance with the Judgment, Sentence (and Formal Re-Sentehcihgs),
    and Order Setting Date of Execution and Order for Issuance of
    Warrant of Execution of this Court, show herein, which I certify to
    be true and correct copies of such documents how on file in my
    office and entered on the Minutes of said Court.                A certified true
    and correct copies of the Judgment and Sentence entered by the
    Court on OCTOBER 13, 2006 which was affirmed by the Texas Court of
    Criminal Appeals, is attached hereto as Exhibit "A."
    HEREIN   FAIL   NOT,    BUT   DUE   RETURN   MAKE     OF    THE     WARRANT     OF
    EXECUTION SHOWING HOW YOU HAVE EXECUTED THE SAME.
    Given under my hand and seal of the 114th Judicial District
    Court of Smith County, Texas on this the 11™ DAY OF JUNE, 2015.
    0-o
    jOIS ROGERS
    DISTRICT CLERK/SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS
    CLERK OF THE       114TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
    SMITH COUNTY, TB.XAS/
    BY:
    'DBfPUTY DISTRICT CLERK
    Priht Name::   \
    CERTIFIED TO BE ATRUE
    AND CORRECT COPY
    FILED IN THE SMITH COUNTY
    DISTRICT CLERK'S OFFICE
    • ••-                                               CAUSE NO: 114-1505-06
    DEATH WARRANT
    THE STATE OF TEXAS                                          §        IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF
    §
    VS                                                          §        SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS
    §        114TH DISTRICTCOURT
    CLIrTON LAMAR WILLIAMS
    TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE INSTlTUTiONAL DIVISION OF THE TEXAS DEPARTMMEMT OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND TO
    THE SHERIFFOF SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS:
    On ,10.-_13r06, the above - named defendant in the above styled and numbered cause was convicted of the offense
    of Capital Murder. On the 06-11-15 , the Court sentence the above-named defendant to death In accordance with the
    findings of the jury, pursuant to the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure.
    The Court, haying received the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals' affirming the above name Mandate having
    received notice of the Court of Criminal Appeals" denial of the defendant's initial application for writ of habeas corpus
    sentenced the above-names defendant to death for the offense CAPTIAL MURDER and ORDERS that the execution be had
    Thursday the 16th_ day of July^ 2015, at any time after the hour of &00 P.M. at the Ihstitutiohal Division of the Texas
    Department of Criminal Justice at Huntsvllle, Texas.
    The Sheriff of Smith County, Texas is hereby commanded to transport the defendant to the Institutional Division of
    the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and deliver the defendant and this warrant to the Director of the Institutional
    Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for the purpose of executing this warrant, arid to take from the
    Director of the proper receipt for the defendant, and the Sheriff will return the: receipt to the office of the District Clerk of
    Smith county, Texas.
    The Director of the Institutional Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice is hereby commanded to
    receive from the Sheriff the defendant and this warrant, and to give his receipt, to the Sheriff, and to safely keep the
    defendant and to execute the sentence of death at any time after the hour of 6:00 P.M. on the day and date specified in
    paragraph two of this warrant, by causing a substance or substances in a lethal quantity to be intravenously injected into the
    body of defendant to continue until the defendant .isdeceased, obeying all laws of the State of Texas with reference to such
    execution.
    WITNESS MY HAND AND SEAL of the !14th_Judlclal District Court of Smith County, Texas, at myoffice in the City
    of Tyler, Texas, on the llth_ day of June, 2015.
    LOIS ROGERS, District Clerk
    Smith County, Texas
    100 N. Broadway Suite #204,
    Tyler, Texas 75702
    RECEIVED IM                                                 /$?fek CERTIFIED TO BEATRUE
    ««,.„,          U,W                                                 §*Mnra AND CORRECT COPY
    COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS                                           xh8£¥ filed in the smith county
    Vgg/ DISTRICT CLERK'S OFFICE
    JUN 16 2015
    Abel Acosta, Clerk
    /-
    RETURN
    The Sheriff of Smith County, Texas, received this Writ on the   day of,
    20— at       _* M- and executed the same by delivering the original and one copy of this
    warrant to the Director ofthe Institutional Division ofthe Texas Department of Criminal Justice
    on the       day of           _^ 20_, and by taking his receipts for the said warrant, which
    receipts are hereto attached do here now make my return on this Writ this               dav of
    ,20 .                                                                        7
    LARRY SMITH, Sheriff
    Smith County, Texas
    On this the     _ day of                , 20_, the follow papers related to cause number
    114-1505-06 styled:
    THE STATE OF TEXAS, vs. CUFTON LAMAR WILLIAMS were received from the
    Sheriff of SmithCounty, Texas,
    1. Original and one copy of DEATH WARRANT to be delivered to the
    Warden of the Directorof the Institutional Division of the Institutional
    Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
    2> One certified copy of the Execution Order.
    The Texas Department of Criminal Justice acknowledges receipt of the
    Execution Order and Death JfYariant in the Cause No. 114-1505-06
    on this the      day of . _ .          20 .
    TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINALJUSTICE
    Classification and Records
    BY:
    

Document Info

Docket Number: AP-75,541

Filed Date: 6/19/2015

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 9/29/2016