in the Interest of P.D., a Child ( 2021 )

In The
Court of Appeals
Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo
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No. 07-21-00045-CV
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IN THE INTEREST OF P.D., A CHILD
On Appeal from the 316th Judicial District
Hutchinson County, Texas
Trial Court No. 43,918; Honorable James Mosely, Presiding
June 23, 2021
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before QUINN, C.J., and PARKER and DOSS, JJ.
Biological father, C.D., appeals the trial court’s judgment terminating his parental
rights to the child, P.D. On appeal, he challenges the evidence supporting the trial court’s
finding that termination of his parental rights was in the child’s best interest. We affirm.
Background
Based on reports of drug use, domestic violence, and neglectful supervision, the
Department became involved with the family in December 2018. Shortly thereafter, both
parents and the child tested positive for methamphetamine. The Department initiated
family-based service plans, and the trial court ordered the parents to undertake a number
of services for drug abuse, parenting, mental health, and domestic violence issues.
C.D.’s visitation with P.D. was, early on, fairly consistent, becoming more sporadic
over time as did his contact with the Department. Eventually, visitation sessions were
discontinued because he did not attend them. C.D. failed to work through the specific
services ordered though he did complete some similar classes through his stay at an
Intermediate Sanction Facility (ISF).
C.D. was arrested several times throughout this case. His charges included
domestic assault, theft, and burglary of a habitation. During the pendency of the
Department’s involvement, C.D. submitted to one drug test, which was positive for
marijuana and methamphetamine. He either refused or failed to show for the several
other drug test appointments. The Department caseworker testified that he failed to
maintain employment or appropriate housing during the pendency of the case and the
periods in which he was not incarcerated. C.D. testified that he was, in fact, employed.
However, he was either paid in cash or in kind through a camper rental situation.
Consequently, his employment was not subject to verification to the Department’s
satisfaction.
He also testified that he was unable to make it to most of the parenting classes in
nearby Borger due to a lack of transportation. He admitted that he failed to fully comply
with the service plan but attempted to excuse his failure by citing financial difficulties and
lack of support.
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At the time of trial in February 2021, C.D. had been in jail since July 2020. Also,
during the time in which he was not incarcerated he admitted to spending time in the
company of people known to be involved with in sale or use of drugs.
His parental relationship with P.D. was terminated.1 The trial court found that
several of the Texas Family Code’s statutory grounds supported termination and that
termination was in P.D.’s best interest. He appeals that termination now, challenging only
the trial court’s determination that termination of C.D.’s parental rights is in P.D.’s best
interest.
Analysis – Best Interest of the Child
Parental rights may be involuntarily ended if a two-pronged test is met. That is,
clear and convincing evidence must establish both one or more of the statutory grounds
permitting termination and termination must be in the child’s best interests. See TEX. FAM.
CODE ANN. § 161.001(b) (West Supp. 2020); In re N.G., 577 S.W.3d 230, 232 (Tex. 2019)
(per curiam). C.D. does not dispute that clear and convincing evidence established the
first prong and, thereby, implicitly conceded that sufficient evidence supports the trial
court’s findings under Subsections (D), (E), (N), (O), (P), and (Q). See TEX. FAM. CODE
ANN. § 161.001(b)(1)(D), (E), (N), (O), (P), and (Q). Therefore, unchallenged predicate
statutory grounds support the termination of C.D.’s parental rights. Furthermore, said
evidence can support the trial court’s best interest finding. See In re E.A.F., 424 S.W.3d
742, 750 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet denied) (citing, inter alia, In re C.H.,
89 S.W.3d 17, 28 (Tex. 2002)); see also In re T.C., No. 07-18-00080-CV, 2018 Tex. App.
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P.D.’s mother, whose rights were also terminated by the trial court’s order, has not appealed that
judgment.
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LEXIS 6769, at *13 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Aug. 23, 2018, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (noting
that a parent who opts to forgo a challenge to predicate ground findings tacitly concedes
that sufficient evidence supports those findings). We turn our analysis to the evidence
supporting the trial court’s best-interest finding.2
In determining the best interest of a child, courts apply the non-exhaustive Holley
factors in performing their analysis. See Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371–72 (Tex.
1976). Those factors include the following: (1) the desires of the child; (2) the present
and future emotional and physical needs of the child; (3) the present and future emotional
and physical danger to the child; (4) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking
custody; (5) the programs available to assist these individuals to promote the best interest
of the child; (6) the plans held by the individuals seeking custody of the child; (7) the
stability of the home of the parent and the individuals seeking custody; (8) the acts or
omissions of the parent which may indicate that the existing parent-child relationship is
not a proper one; and (9) any excuse for the acts or omissions of the parent. Id. The
foregoing factors are not exhaustive, and “[t]he absence of evidence about some of [the
factors] would not preclude a factfinder from reasonably forming a strong conviction or
belief that termination is in the child’s best interest.” In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 27. “A trier
of fact [also] may measure a parent’s future conduct by his past conduct [in] determin[ing]
2 To determine whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support the trial court’s best-interest
finding, we look at all the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine whether a
reasonable fact-finder could form a firm belief or conviction that termination of parental rights is in the child’s
best-interest. See In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005).
We must perform “an exacting review of the entire record” in determining the factual sufficiency of
the evidence supporting the termination findings. In re A.B., 437 S.W.3d 498, 500 (Tex. 2014). We review
the whole record to decide whether a fact-finder could reasonably form a firm conviction or belief that
termination of the parent-child relationship would be in the child’s best interest. See In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d
at 28.
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whether termination of parental rights is in the child’s best interest.” In re E.D., 419
S.W.3d 615, 620 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2013, pet. denied).
Here, C.D. continued to use drugs throughout the pendency of the Department’s
involvement. In re F.A.R., No. 11-04-00014-CV, 2005 Tex. App. LEXIS 234, at *11–12
(Tex. App.—Eastland Jan. 13, 2005, no pet.) (mem. op.) (noting that a parent’s continued
drug use “demonstrates an inability to provide a stable environment for [the child] and an
inability to provide for [the child’s] emotional and physical needs”). Indeed, it appears that
C.D. has a prolonged and continued history of using a variety of drugs, including heroin,
methamphetamine, and marijuana. The fact that C.D. continued to use drugs and
associate with known individuals in the drug scene demonstrates poor judgment and
underdeveloped parenting skills. It also may serve to demonstrate that, despite having
attempted to take parenting classes through his ISF stay, he remained unable to
recognize the dangers that drug abuse and the associated lifestyle pose to P.D.3 See In
re B.S.W., No. 14-04-00496-CV, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 11695, at *23 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] Dec. 23, 2004) (mem. op.) (“The trial court could also consider the
3 While on the topic of dangers to P.D.’s physical and emotional well-being, we note that, pursuant
to the Texas Supreme Court opinion in In re N.G., we generally review the trial court’s findings under section
161.001(b)(1)(D) and (E) when challenged. This is so because of the potential future consequences to a
parent’s parental rights concerning a different child. See In re N.G., 577 S.W.3d at 235–37. The record
here reveals a pattern of drug abuse, domestic violence, and criminal conduct. A parent’s drug use and
the effects of that drug use on the parent’s life and ability to parent may establish an endangering course
of conduct supporting termination under section 161.001(b)(1)(E). See In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 345
(Tex. 2009). We add that P.D. tested positive for methamphetamine upon her removal from the parents.
Further, there is evidence that the parents’ relationship was one involving domestic violence. Based on
this evidence, the trial court could have found that C.D. engaged in a voluntary, deliberate, and conscious
course of conduct and that his actions endangered the child’s physical and emotional well-being. See D.M.
v. Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., No. 03-20-00557-CV, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS 2795, at *36 (Tex.
App.—Austin Apr. 14, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Father has a history of drug use, which resulted in [the
child] testing positive at high levels for methamphetamine when she was eighteen months old, and a history
of domestic violence, both of which harm a child’s well-being.”). The record contains sufficient evidence
upon which the trial court could have found that subsections (D) and (E) supported termination of C.D.’s
parental rights.
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emotional danger to [the child] in continuing a relationship with a [parent] who would come
in and out of her life because of drug use or incarceration, disrupting any permanency or
stability for [the child].”). His ongoing drug use also was the basis for the earlier
termination of the parental relationship with two other of his biological children.
He also engaged in domestic violence against the mother of P.D. This history of
domestic violence and discord is relevant to whether termination is in the child’s best
interest. In re J.A.P., No 06-08-00092-CV, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 2422, at *10 (Tex.
App.—Texarkana Apr. 1, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.) (quoting TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.
§ 263.307(b)(7) and noting that a history of abusive or assaultive conduct of the child’s
family should be taken into account when determining if termination is in the child’s best
interest).
His participation in court-ordered services to address the drug abuse and domestic
violence issues was minimal. This suggests that C.D. was unable or unwilling to address
the issues necessitating P.D.’s removal. See M.B. v. Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective
Servs., No. 03-20-00533-CV, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS 2796, at *34 (Tex. App.—Austin Apr.
14, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.) (considering in best-interest analysis a mother’s refusal to
avail herself of services or programs that could help her).
C.D.’s visitation with P.D., while initially regular, grew scant and inconsistent,
ultimately prompting the visitation to be halted altogether based on his lack of
participation. Currently, P.D. is in the care of a maternal relative who is meeting the child’s
physical and emotional needs. P.D. also is doing well in current placement with maternal
relatives. See In re T.A.G., No. 04-20-00565-CV, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS 3903, at *14
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(Tex. App.—San Antonio May 19, 2021, no pet. h.) (mem. op.) (considering in best-
interest analysis that “the children were thriving” in their current placement).
C.D. maintains that his rights were terminated due to factors attributable to his
poverty. This position, however, overlooks a great deal of the history of drug abuse and
criminal activity, including domestic violence. It also overlooks the fact that C.D. has
conceded the evidence supports the trial court’s finding that he engaged in conduct or put
P.D. in an environment which endangered her physical and emotional well-being. It also
ignores the evidence supporting the other predicate grounds found by the trial court in its
judgment that support termination of C.D.’s relationship with P.D. C.D. testified to his
love for P.D., to his efforts and misfortune, and to his acknowledgement of his
imperfections. However, a court’s inquiry is not whether C.D. loves P.D. or whether C.D.
suffered hardships in his life that might account for his shortcomings; rather, our focus
lies on the best interest of P.D. And, ultimately, the Holley factors weigh in favor of the
trial court’s finding that termination of C.D.’s parental rights is in the best interest of P.D.
We hold that the evidence of record is clear and convincing evidence upon which
the trial court could legitimately determine that termination of the parental relationship
was in the child’s best interest. We overrule appellant’s sole issue and affirm the trial
court’s judgment terminating the parent-child relationship between C.D. and P.D.
Per Curiam
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