Robert James Berry v. the State of Texas ( 2021 )

In The
Court of Appeals
Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo
________________________
No. 07-20-00135-CR
________________________
ROBERT JAMES BERRY, APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
On Appeal from the 100th District Court
Donley County, Texas
Trial Court No. 4072; Honorable Stuart Messer, Presiding
August 24, 2021
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before QUINN, C.J., and PIRTLE and DOSS, JJ.
Pursuant to a plea bargain, Appellant, Robert James Berry, was placed on
deferred adjudication community supervision for a term of four years, with a fine of $4,000,
for the offense of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, enhanced by a prior burglary
conviction.1 Eight months later, the State alleged that Appellant violated multiple
conditions of his community supervision and moved to proceed with an adjudication of
guilt on the original charge based on numerous violations of the conditions of his
community supervision. In exchange for pleas of “true” to the allegations that he
committed two new offenses, Appellant agreed to a sentence of twenty-five years and a
fine of $4,000. At a brief hearing, the trial court accepted the State’s recommendation,
adjudicated Appellant guilty of aggravated assault, with an affirmative finding on use of a
deadly weapon (a knife), and sentenced him to twenty-five years confinement and a fine
of $4,000.
By a sole issue, Appellant contends his counsel during the adjudication process
provided ineffective assistance by causing him to enter pleas of “true” to the State’s
allegations that he committed two new offenses. Based on the rationale expressed
herein, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
Appellant was charged with intentionally or knowingly threatening another with
imminent bodily injury by threatening to kill him while using or exhibiting a knife. A plea
bargain was reached in which Appellant agreed to being placed on deferred adjudication
community supervision. One of the conditions of community supervision was that he
avoid committing any new offenses.
1 TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)(2), (b) (West 2019). As charged, the aggravated assault is a
second degree felony. The enhancement paragraph elevated the punishment to that of a first degree
felony. Id. at § 12.42(b). An offense “punished as” a higher offense raises the level of punishment, not the
degree of the offense. Oliva v. State, 548 S.W.3d 518, 526-27 (Tex. Crim. App. 2018).
2
The State alleged that on December 30, 2019, Appellant falsified drug test results
and was in possession of drug paraphernalia and the State moved to proceed with
adjudication. Counsel was appointed to represent Appellant.
According to documents attached to Appellant’s brief but which are not part of the
trial or appellate record, another party claimed responsibility for the two offenses to which
Appellant entered pleas of “true” on the advice of counsel. The responsible party signed
an affidavit attesting to borrowing Appellant’s car on the day he was arrested. She
claimed responsibility for the drug paraphernalia and the falsified drug test results found
in Appellant’s car. Two other documents attached to Appellant’s brief reflect that both
charges against him were dismissed. Finally, the brief includes a handwritten statement
from Appellant indicating his counsel “didn’t know that both the charges I was being
revoked for were being dismissed.”2 Appellant’s statement also reveals that his counsel
met with him only briefly before the hearing and discarded his claims of having
exculpatory evidence.
After the trial court adjudicated Appellant guilty of the original offense and imposed
the twenty-five-year sentence and fine, Appellant filed a pro se motion for new trial. In
that motion, he alleged the trial court’s decision was contrary to the law and the evidence
and requested a new trial in the interest of justice. No hearing was held and the motion
was overruled by operation of law. Appellant appealed the Judgment Adjudicating Guilt.
2 In Appellant’s brief, his appellate counsel states that counsel was provided with the guilty party’s
affidavit and the documents reflecting dismissal of the charges against Appellant.
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INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
Appellant’s sole issue questions the effectiveness of counsel’s representation
during the adjudication proceeding. Specifically, he asserts that counsel’s errors caused
him to enter pleas of “true” to allegations that he committed new offenses in violation of
the conditions of his community supervision. We disagree for the following reasons.
The right to reasonably effective assistance of counsel in a criminal prosecution is
guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article 1,
Section 10 of the Texas Constitution. U.S. CONST. amend VI; TEX. CONST. art. 1, § 10.
To establish a claim based on ineffective assistance, an appellant must show that (1) his
counsel’s representation fell below the objective standard of reasonableness and (2)
there is a reasonable probability that but for counsel’s deficiency the result of the
proceeding would have been different. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 694,
104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984). In other words, an appellant must show his
trial counsel’s performance was deficient and that he was prejudiced by the deficiency.
State v. Gutierrez, 541 S.W.3d 91, 98 (Tex. Crim. App. 2017).
A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel must be firmly demonstrated in the
record. Lopez v. State, 343 S.W.3d 137, 142 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (citing Thompson
v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 814 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999)). “It is not sufficient that appellant
show, with the benefit of hindsight, that his counsel’s actions or omissions during trial
were merely of questionable competence.” Mata v. State, 226 S.W.3d 425, 430 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2007). We must indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls
within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance. Frangias v. State, 450
S.W.3d 125, 136 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013).
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In most cases, as here, the record on direct appeal is not sufficiently developed
and “cannot adequately reflect the failings of trial counsel” for an appellate court “to fairly
evaluate the merits of such a serious allegation.” Lopez, 343 S.W.3d at 143. Under such
circumstances, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel rejected due to lack of
adequate information may be considered on an application for a writ of habeas corpus.
See id. See generally TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 11.07 (West 2015).
ANALYSIS
Appellant argues that counsel’s representation was ineffective because he advised
him to enter pleas of “true” to two allegations of criminal charges that had been dismissed
after another party confessed to commission of the new offenses. He contends that but
for counsel’s error, he would have likely proceeded with a contested hearing on the
allegations presented by the State.
While this court is not unsympathetic to Appellant’s predicament, the official
appellate record before this court is devoid of any evidence to support Appellant’s
argument. Documents or exhibits included in the appendix of an appellate brief that do
not appear in the trial court record may not be considered on direct appeal. Estes v.
Spears, No. 07-19-00375-CV, 2020 Tex. App. LEXIS 7498, at *4-5 (Tex. App.—Amarillo
Sept. 16, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op.). Additionally, an affidavit that is outside the official
record may not be considered on direct appeal. Id. (citing Sabine Offshore Serv., Inc. v.
City of Port Arthur, 595 S.W.2d 840, 841 (Tex. 1979) (per curiam)); Griffith v. State, 507
S.W.3d 720, 728 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016) (“An appellant may not go outside the appellate
record in making his arguments for relief on appeal.”).
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Because the sole question on appeal from an order adjudicating guilt is whether
the trial court abused its discretion, Hacker v. State, 389 S.W.3d 860, 865 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2013), based on the record before the trial court, we cannot say the trial court’s
ruling constituted an abuse of discretion. Appellant’s sole issue is overruled.
REFORMATION OF JUDGMENT
In reviewing the clerk’s record in this case, it has come to this court’s attention that
the judgment contains a clerical error. The summary portion of the judgment incorrectly
reflects under “Degree” that Appellant was convicted of a first degree felony. However,
Appellant’s conviction for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon is a second degree
felony. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)(2). The offense was punishable as a first
degree felony solely because it was a once-enhanced second-degree felony conviction.
See id. at § 30.02(b)(2). See also Oliva v. State, 548 S.W.3d 518, 526-27 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2018) (holding that an enhancement raises the level of punishment, not the level of
the offense).
This court has the power to modify the judgment of the court below to make the
record speak the truth when we have the necessary information to do so. TEX. R. APP. P.
43.2(b). Bigley v. State, 865 S.W.2d 26, 27-28 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). Appellate courts
have the power to reform whatever the trial court could have corrected by a judgment
nunc pro tunc where the evidence necessary to correct the judgment appears in the
record. Asberry v. State, 813 S.W.2d 526, 529 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1991, pet. ref’d). The
power to reform a judgment is “not dependent upon the request of any party, nor does it
turn on the question of whether a party has or has not objected in the trial court.” Id. at
529-30. Thus, we modify the trial court’s Judgment Adjudicating Guilt to reflect “Second
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Degree Felony” in the summary portion under “Degree.” The trial court is ordered to enter
a Judgment Adjudicating Guilt Nunc Pro Tunc to reflect this reformation and the trial court
clerk is directed to provide a copy of the corrected judgment to the Institutional Division
of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and to this court.
CONCLUSION
The trial court’s judgment is affirmed as reformed.
Patrick A. Pirtle
Justice
Do not publish.
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