Marvin Lynn Fleming, Jr. v. the State of Texas ( 2022 )

In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-22-00050-CR
MARVIN LYNN FLEMING, JR., Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 6th District Court
Lamar County, Texas
Trial Court No. 28581
Before Morriss, C.J., Stevens and van Cleef, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Morriss
MEMORANDUM OPINION
A Lamar County jury convicted Marvin Lynn Fleming, Jr., of family violence assault by
occlusion against Penny Harrell, with a prior conviction for family violence assault, a second-
degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.01(b-3) (Supp.). After Fleming pled true to the
State’s punishment enhancement allegation, the jury assessed a punishment of seventy years’
imprisonment with a $10,000.00 fine.
On appeal, Fleming argues that the evidence was insufficient to prove that he was
previously convicted of family violence assault. He also argues that the trial court’s judgment
should be modified to reflect a conviction under the proper statute of offense. We find that
(1) Fleming waived any right to complain about the stipulated prior conviction, but (2) the
judgment must be modified to reflect the proper statute of offense and affirmed, as so modified.
(1) Fleming Waived Any Right to Complain About the Stipulated Prior Conviction
Family violence assault is a second-degree felony if the defendant has a prior conviction
for family violence assault and the offense is by occlusion. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.
§ 22.01(b-3). In its indictment, the State alleged that Fleming was previously convicted,
September 20, 2018, of family violence assault in cause number 66735 in the County Court of
Lamar County. To establish that prior offense, the State introduced, without objection, a
certified September 20, 2018, judgment from the County Court of Lamar County in cause
number 66735, convicting Fleming of assault causing bodily injury. Although the judgment
contained the phrase “FAMILY VIOLENCE,” the phrase was struck through and initialed by the
2
presiding judge of the County Court of Lamar County. As a result, Fleming argues that
insufficient evidence established that the previous conviction was for family violence assault.
Fleming’s argument ignores a key stipulation made by his counsel. The record at trial
shows that the State sought to introduce the information from the prior offense to prove that the
prior conviction was for family violence assault causing bodily injury. Yet, Fleming objected to
the admission of the information from cause number 66735. When the State argued that it
needed the information “to establish the identity of the victim as well as the relationship,”
Fleming stipulated to the fact that the prior offense, also, was committed against Harrell and that
“it was family violence.” After a recess, the trial court entered the following agreed stipulation
relating to the judgment in cause number 66735: “[I]t is stipulated that the Defendant was
convicted of an offense under Chapter 22 of Texas Penal Code against Penny Harrell, a person
with whom the Defendant had a prior dating relationship as described by Section 77.021(b) of
the Texas Family Code.” 1
Stipulations “have the effect of withdrawing a fact from issue and dispensing wholly with
the need for proof of the fact.” Bryant v. State, 187 S.W.3d 397, 400 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005)
(quoting 2 JOHN W. STRONG, ET AL., MCCORMICK ON EVIDENCE § 255 (5th ed. 1999)).
Accordingly, a stipulation by the defense is a sufficient means of proving a prior conviction.
Henry v. State, 509 S.W.3d 915, 919 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016); Flowers v. State, 220 S.W.3d 919,
921–22 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007); see Hernandez v. State, 109 S.W.3d 491, 495 (Tex. Crim. App.
2003) (“The appellant’s stipulation would have placed the prior convictions into evidence,
1
Also, Harrell testified that Fleming was charged with assaulting her in 2018 and “served a little bit of time.”
3
making the jury aware of their existence.”). If a defendant elects to stipulate to evidence, “his
stipulation is a kind of judicial admission,” which becomes “‘a substitute for evidence, in that it
does away with the need for evidence.’” Bryant, 187 S.W.3d at 400 (quoting 9 WIGMORE ON
EVIDENCE § 2588 (3d ed. 1940). Because he stipulated that the prior conviction was for family
violence assault, Fleming cannot now argue that the State “failed to prove its case on an element
to which he stipulated.” Id. at 401. This is because “[b]y stipulating, [Fleming] ‘waived any
right to contest the absence of proof on the stipulated elements.’” Id. (quoting Harrison v.
United States, 204 F.3d 236, 240 (D.C. Cir. 2000)).
We conclude that Fleming waived any right to argue that the State failed to prove that his
prior conviction was for family violence assault when he expressly stipulated at trial that the
conviction was for family violence assault. Therefore, we overrule this point of error.2
(2) The Judgment Must Be Modified to Reflect the Proper Statute of Offense
The trial court’s judgment reflects an offense under Section 22.01(b-1), which applies
when the actor is “committed to a civil commitment facility.” See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.
§ 22.01(b-1) (Supp.). Since Fleming was not in a civil commitment facility, Section 22.01(b-1)
does not apply to this case.
Fleming claims that the judgment should be modified to reflect a conviction under
Section 22.01(b-2), but that section does not apply because it concerns offenses committed
against peace officers or judges. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 22.01(b-2) (Supp.). No
evidence suggests that Harrell was a peace officer or judge.
2
For the same reasons, we overrule Fleming’s complaint that “[n]o evidence supported the prior family violence
conviction element . . . because the jury was instructed not to consider the prior conviction as evidence of guilt.”
4
The proper statute is Section 22.01(b-3), which provides that assault “is a felony of the
second degree if”:
(1) the offense is committed against a person whose relationship to or
association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003,
or 71.005, Family Code;
(2) it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been
previously convicted of an offense under this chapter, Chapter 19, or
Section 20.03, 20.04, or 21.11 against a person whose relationship to or
association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003,
or 71.005, Family Code; and
(3) the offense is committed by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly
impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of the person by
applying pressure to the person’s throat or neck or by blocking the
person’s nose or mouth.
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.01(b-3).
“We have the authority to modify the judgment to make the record speak the truth.”
Minter v. State, 570 S.W.3d 941, 944 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2019, no pet.) (citing TEX. R. APP.
P. 43.2(b); French v. State, 830 S.W.2d 607, 609 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992); Rhoten v. State, 299
S.W.3d 349, 356 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2009, no pet.)). We agree with Fleming’s contention
that the judgment should be modified to reflect the proper statute of offense. We agree and
sustain this point of error.
5
We modify the trial court’s judgment to reflect that Fleming was convicted under Section
22.01(b-3) of the Texas Penal Code. We affirm the trial court’s judgment, as so modified.
Josh R. Morriss, III
Chief Justice
Date Submitted: October 11, 2022
Date Decided: October 19, 2022
Do Not Publish
6