George Richard Hosey, Sr. v. State ( 2019 )

NUMBER 13-18-00419-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
GEORGE RICHARD HOSEY SR., Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 24th District Court
of Goliad County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Chief Justice Contreras and Justices Benavides and Longoria
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Longoria
Appellant George Richard Hosey Sr. was convicted of assault on a public servant,
a third-degree felony, and retaliation, a third-degree felony, and was sentenced to twenty
years in prison and a $10,000 fine for each count. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.
§§ 22.01(b)(1), 36.06(a)(1)(A). Hosey argues on appeal that his sentence is cruel and
unusual and that the evidence presented at trial is insufficient to sustain his retaliation
conviction. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
On February 15, 2017, Hosey was tried for assaulting a public officer in a separate
case. See id. § 22.01(b)(1). According to Goliad County Sheriff’s Deputy Vernon Busby,
as the verdict was being read, Hosey became visibly angry and shouted profanity at the
jury and judge. At the same time, Hosey removed articles of his clothing, including his
jacket, tie, shirt, and belt. The judge ordered Hosey to put his clothes back on and to sit
down for the reading of the verdict. Once more, Hosey shouted at the jury and judge,
and displayed hostile hand gestures towards the bailiffs. Hosey yelled to the bailiffs,
“Come on. Today is the day I die.”
After making that declaration, Hosey jumped on top of the tables in the direction of
the judge’s bench. Hosey then jumped towards Goliad County Sheriff’s Sergeant Randy
Dvorak, who had a taser gun in his hand. Dvorak fired his taser at Hosey, and Hosey fell
to the ground. Hosey flailed his arms and legs as the bailiffs tried to restrain him. During
the altercation, Busby sustained injuries from Hosey’s body movement.
As a result of the altercation at his 2017 trial, Hosey was indicted for the offenses
of retaliation (count 1) and assault on a public servant (count 2). See id. §§ 22.01(b)(1),
36.06(a)(1)(A). On July 9, 2018, Hosey pleaded not guilty to both counts. During trial,
Hosey’s counsel filed a motion for directed verdict arguing that the testimony of Busby
was insufficient to prove that Hosey retaliated against a public servant. The trial court
denied the motion. On July 12, 2018, the jury found Hosey guilty on both counts. Hosey’s
sentence was enhanced because of his two prior felony convictions. For each count,
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Hosey received a sentence of twenty years in the Institutional Division of the Texas
Department of Criminal Justice and a $10,000 fine. See id. § 12.33. The trial court
ordered the sentences to run consecutively and to begin after the completion of Hosey’s
current sentence for assaulting a public servant. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
§ 42.08(a). During sentencing, Hosey’s counsel objected to the sentence and argued it
constituted cruel and unusual punishment; the trial court overruled his objection. This
appeal followed.
II. LEGAL SUFFICIENCY
In his second issue, which we address first, Hosey argues that the evidence was
legally insufficient to support his retaliation conviction.
A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law
When reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, “the relevant question is
whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
beyond a reasonable doubt.” Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App.
2007) (emphasis in original); see Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979). The duty
of the factfinder is to make judgment based on the facts, the credibility of the witnesses,
and the weight given to the testimony. See Bartlett v. State, 270 S.W.3d 147, 150 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2008); Bargas v. State, 252 S.W.3d 876, 887 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
2008, no pet.) (“The jury may choose to believe or disbelieve any portion of the witnesses’
testimony.”). It is not the duty of the appellate court to reevaluate the evidence made at
the trial level and substitute the verdict given by the trier of fact. King v. State, 29 S.W.3d
556, 562 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (en banc). Rather, the duty of the appellate court is to
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evaluate whether the trier of fact made a rational decision. Muniz v. State, 851 S.W.2d
238, 246 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) (en banc); Harris v. State, 164 S.W.3d 775, 784 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. ref’d). Furthermore, the appellate court gives
deference to the trier of fact’s evaluation of the credibility and weight of the evidence and
its resolution of conflicting inferences. Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326; Clayton, 235 S.W.3d at
778; see Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).
Sufficiency is measured by the elements of the offense as defined by a
hypothetically correct jury charge and authorized in the indictment. Malik v. State, 953
S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) (en banc). Such a charge in this case would
state that an individual commits retaliation if the actor intentionally or knowingly harms or
threatens to harm another person by an unlawful act in retaliation for or on the account of
that person’s service as a public servant. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 36.06(a)(1)(A).
Harm is defined as “anything reasonably regarded as loss, disadvantage, or injury.” Id.
§ 1.07(a)(25). Bodily injury is defined as “physical pain, illness, or any impairment of
physical condition.” Id. § 1.07(a)(8). The definitions for harm and bodily injury are broad
enough to “encompass even minor physical contacts as long as they constitute more than
offensive touching.” Lane v. State, 763 S.W.2d 785, 786 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989) (en
banc); York v. State, 833 S.W.2d 734, 736 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1992, no pet.).
B. Analysis
Hosey contends that there was no evidence that his actions against Busby were
because of Busby’s service as a public servant, and therefore his acts cannot constitute
retaliation. Hosey argues that it was a fit of rage that caused him to act in the manner
that resulted in Busby’s injuries. However, the intentional or knowing harm or threat to a
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public servant does not have to be retaliation for past duties already performed. Wright
v. State, 979 S.W.2d 868, 869 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 1998, pet. ref’d). Rather, the
offense of retaliation can be seen as result-oriented, where the focus is on the actor’s
conduct and whether “the accused engage[d] in action, regardless of what the action may
have been, with the intent to harm and prevent or delay another as a public servant.”
Herrera v. State, 915 S.W.2d 94, 98 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1996, no pet.). Retaliatory
intent can be inferred based on the actor’s words, acts, and conduct. Brock v. State, 495
S.W.3d 1, 16 (Tex. App.—Waco 2016, pet. ref’d).
Busby testified that, as the verdict was being read, Hosey displayed erratic
behavior such as removing articles of his clothing, shouting profanity at the jury and judge,
using hand gestures that invited confrontation, jumping on a table and then at the bailiff,
kicking the bailiff’s taser from his hand, and flailing his arms and legs as the bailiffs tried
to restrain him. We do not find any issue with Busby’s testimony that would necessarily
raise a reasonable doubt to the trier of fact. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 318–19. It is
presumed the trier of fact resolved any conflict in favor of the verdict. See id. During trial,
it is the province of the trier of fact to evaluate the credibility of Busby’s testimony about
how the chain of events occurred. See Bargas, 252 S.W.3d at 887.
Busby also testified that he sustained injuries from the altercation with Hosey,
including a scratch on his left hand, a contusion on his left shoulder, and a cervical sprain
on his lower neck. Because Busby, at the time of the outburst, was performing his official
duties as a bailiff—maintaining order in the court—the factfinder could reasonably infer
that Hosey had the intent to harm a public servant. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 318-19.
Additionally, based on Hosey’s acts, words, and conduct when the verdict was read, the
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trier of fact could have reasonably inferred his actions were retributive to the verdict. See
Brock, 495 S.W.3d at 16. The jury could reasonably conclude that Hosey’s retributive
intent was formed contemporaneously with Busby’s discharge of his official duties as a
bailiff. See Wright, 979 S.W.2d at 869. Therefore, viewing the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict, we conclude that a rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of retaliation beyond a reasonable doubt. See Clayton, 235 S.W.3d
at 778. We overrule Hosey’s second issue.
III. CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT
In his first issue, Hosey asserts that the sentence imposed by the trial court was
cruel and unusual and disproportionate to the seriousness of the offenses committed.
See U.S. CONST. amend. VIII.
A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law
A sentence which falls within the limits prescribed by a valid statute is presumed
not to be excessive, cruel, or unusual. See Trevino v. State, 174 S.W.3d 925, 928 (Tex.
App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2005, pet. ref’d). However, to avoid being cruel and
unusual, the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution also requires that a
criminal sentence be proportionate to the crime which was committed. See U.S. CONST.
amend. VIII.; Noland v. State, 264 S.W.3d 144, 151 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007,
pet. ref’d). In analyzing a proportionality challenge, courts consider: (1) the gravity of the
offense and the harshness of the penalty; (2) sentences imposed on other criminals in
the same jurisdiction; and (3) sentences imposed for the commission of the same crime
in other jurisdictions. Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957, 1004–06 (1991) (plurality op.);
State v. Stewart, 282 S.W.3d 729, 736 (Tex. App.—Austin 2009, no pet.).
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B. Analysis
Hosey timely objected to his sentence as cruel and unusual punishment. See TEX.
R. APP. P. 33.1(a). Hosey argues on appeal that stacking his sentence of twenty years in
prison on to his previous conviction of assault on a public servant constitutes cruel and
unusual punishment.
The sentence Hosey received was neither disproportionate nor excessive. Prior
to Hosey’s current conviction of retaliation and assault on a public servant, he had
committed multiple crimes in the past, including burglary of a vehicle, striking a game
warden, absconding from his probation, and assaulting medical service personnel.
Furthermore, the conduct he displayed on February 15, 2017 marks the third time Hosey
has assaulted a public servant. Based on his prior felony convictions and conduct on
February 15, 2017, removing his clothing, challenging the bailiffs to fight, and jumping
towards a bailiff, the penalty of twenty years in prison and $10,000 fine for each count
Hosey was convicted fits the gravity of the offense he committed. See Stewart, 282
S.W.3d at 736. There is no evidence in the record as to the second and third Harmelin
factors.
The charges for retaliation and assault on a public servant were both second-
degree felonies, because they were enhanced due to Hosey’s past felony convictions.
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 36.01(C), 22.01(b)(1), 12.42(a). The maximum sentence
for a felony in the second degree in Texas is twenty years and a fine cannot exceed
$10,000. See id. § 12.33; State v. Simpson, 488 S.W.3d 318, 323 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016).
Hosey’s sentence for each count was within the statutory limit the Texas Penal Code sets
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out for a second-degree felony. See Trevino, 174 S.W.3d at 928. Therefore, we overrule
his first issue.
IV. CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
NORA L. LONGORIA
Justice
Do not publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
Delivered and filed the
20th day of June, 2019.
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